高考英语总复习时态与语态(定稿)课件

1、高考语法复习动词时态与语态高考语法复习Humourous Moments The Father and His SonFather: You know, Tom, when Lincoln _(be) your age, he _(be) a very good pupil. In fact, he _(be) the best pupil in his class.Tom: Yes, Father. I _ (know) that. But when he _(be) your age, he_ (be) Presidentof the United States.waswaswaswasw

2、asknowHumourous Moments The Father aWho Is the Laziest?Father: Well, Tom, I asked your teacher today, and now I want to ask you a question. Who is the laziest person in your class?Tom: I dont know, Father.Father: Oh, yes, you do! Think! When the other boys and girls are reading and writing, who sits

3、 in class and only watches how the other people work?Tom: Our teacher, father.Who Is the Laziest? 动词的时态和语态是历年高考英语测试的重中之重，每年试题一般不低于两道。 命题思路有三种：一是直接给出标志性时间状语，考生能根据其作出选择；二是给出时间状语，但所给时间状语有较强的干扰性，考生不能直接根据时间状语作出选择，而需要结合语境进行判断；三是没有任何时间状语，需要借助于上下文语境，才能作出正确判断。 在历年有关被动语态的考题中，共涉及了七种基本时态的被动语态，其中以现在完成时、一般现在时、一般过

4、去时和现在进行时考得最多。被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成，时态通过be动词表现出来。知识梳理一、命题特点 动词的时态和语态是历年高考英语测试的重中之重，每 高考命题中往往不会涉及单一的时态，而是更多地侧重于时态的交叉使用和时态干扰。 考生答题时要认真研读题干，寻找尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其是句中其他动词的时态，以及修饰动词的状语信息等等。关于被动语态题，做题时应首先根据主语与谓语的关系确定是否是被动关系，然后再根据有关时间信息确定用哪种时态。 还要注意的是不及物动词是不能用于被动语态当中。知识梳理二、应考策略 高考命题中往往不会涉及单一的时态，而是更多地侧重于高考英语总复习时态与

5、语态(定稿)课件一、对一般现在时的考查1.考查其基本概念：一般现在时表示一个习惯性、经常性的动作。常与表示习惯的副词always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually 等连用。但近几年，对一般现在时的考查常用过去时态或现在完成时态对考生进行干扰。1) Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which _the Pacific, and we met no storm.（2005年辽宁卷） was ca

6、lled B. is called C. had been called D. has been called一、对一般现在时的考查2.考查一般现在时的替代用法：在以when, till/ until, as soon as, by the time, after, before等引导的时间状语从句，在以if, unless, once等引导的条件状语从句和以no matter, however, even if 等词引导的让步状语从句中，如果主句中的动词用一般将来时，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时或现在完成时代替一般将来时。 What would you do if it _ tomorrow

7、? We have to carry it on ,since weve got everything ready. （2005年全国卷） A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining2.考查一般现在时的替代用法：二、对一般过去时的考查一般过去时表示在过去某时某刻发生的动作或存在的状态，它常与表过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in 1999, at that time等。但是一般过去时也经常用在没有说明过去

8、的时间状语的句子中，这是高考的命题方向。 I bought a new car three days ago.More than a dozen students in that school _ abroad to study medicine last year.（2005年上海卷）A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sentnowbought二、对一般过去时的考查nowbought三、对现在进行时的考查由上下文语境表示时间。1) Whats the terrible noise？ The neighbors _ for a party

9、（2004年北京卷）A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare2)Because the shop _, all the T-shirts are sold at half price. （2004年浙江卷34题）has closed down B. closed down C. is closing down D. had closed down3) Are you still busy?Yes, I _ my work, and it wont take long.Ajust finish B. am just

10、finishing Chave just finished D. am just going to finish三、对现在进行时的考查4) Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing. People _ to ask how I am going to spend the money.phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning5) Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task becaus

11、e technology _ so rapidly.is changing B. has changedC. will have changed D. will change4) Since I won the big prize, 四、对过去进行时的考查I was walking down the street when it began to rain.When it began to rainI was walkingnow四、对过去进行时的考查When it began to r1.把过去进行时放在when, while, as 等引导的时间状语从句中考查。如果主句谓语和从句谓语都发生

12、在过去，动作时间长的用过去进行时，表达谈话背景；动作时间短的用一般过去时，表达新的信息。You were out when I dropped in at your house.Oh, I _ for a friend from England at the airport. （2004年福建卷）A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited高考英语总复习时态与语态(定稿)课件2.把过去进行时放在某特定的语境中考查。Has Sam finished his homework today? I have no idea. He

13、_ it this morning. （2004年全国卷）A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done3.考查过去进行时与一般过去时的比较。Shirley _a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it.(98）A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing2.把过去进行时放在某特定的语境中考查。五、对现在完成时的考查1.现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在的影响或表示经验。2.现在完成时表示过去的动

14、作一直延续至今并可能继续下去，常与for或since 等短语连用。I_(graduate) in 1993 and in that year I _(begin) to teach English in a middle school. I _(teach) there for five years . Five years later ,I _(move) to Pinghu. I_ (teach) senior English in Danghu High School for nearly 9 years ever since then.graduatedbegantaughtmoved

15、have taught/have been teaching1993now19989 years5 years五、对现在完成时的考查I_(graduate1) He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _ that they wont support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.(2005湖北)were deciding B. have decided C. decided D. will decide2) Millions of pounds worth of damage _by a

16、storm which swept across the north of England last night. （2005重庆） has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been caused 高考英语总复习时态与语态(定稿)课件3)The window is dirty. I know. It _ for weeks.（2004全国卷）hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned注：由终止性动词leave,

17、arrive, come, go, return, begin, start, put, stop, start, put, stop, die, fall, buy, borrow, see等构成的完成时不能与for或since引导的时间状语连用。但这些终止性动词的否定式可以与for或since短语连用。Eg. I havent met him for two years. 高考英语总复习时态与语态(定稿)课件3.考查现在完成时与一般过去式的区别：一般过去时着重说明动作发生的时间、地点、方式等，与现在不发生联系，且句中一般有表示过去的时间状语；而现在完成时只说明现在的情况，对现在有影响。 W

18、here _the recorder? I cant see it anywhere.（98NMET） I _ it right here. But now its gone.A. did you put; have put B. have you put; put C. had you put; was putting D. were you putting; put3.考查现在完成时与一般过去式的区别：The CCTV has been broadcasting English programs ever since 1977.1977now六、对现在完成进行时的考查构成: have /

19、has been+ doing概念: 表示从过去某一时刻发生的动作，一直延续到现在，并且还可能继续下去。The CCTV has been broadcasting现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别如下：1.现在完成时与现在完成进行时 I have written an article. I have been writing an article. 2.有些延续性动词，如live, teach, work, study, learn, stay等因现在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大。I have lived here for ten years. = I have been living he

20、re for ten years.Notes：表短暂动作的动词（finish, marry, get up, come, go等）一般不能用现在完成进行时。强调：已完成性强调：持续性，未完成性强调：已完成性强调：持续性，1)Now that she is out of a job, Lucy_going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet.（2004年北京卷）had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider2) - Hi, Tracy, you

21、 look tired. “- I am tired. I _ the living room all day. A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted 1)Now that she is out of a job七、对过去完成时态的考查过去完成时，经常以“过去”为背景，要想表达比这一背景更早的动作，即“过去的过去”，常用此时态。Eg. When we got to the theatre, they had sold all the tickets. What a pity!had sold gotNow

22、过去的过去七、对过去完成时态的考查had sold gotN George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?No, I _. Did they have a big wedding? （2004年湖北卷）A. was not invited B. have not been invited C. hadnt been invited D. didnt invite George and Lucy got married 常见考点有：把过去完成时放在含有when, before, after, until,

23、as soon as等引导的时间状语从句的复合句中考查。1) When the old man _ to walk back to his house, the sun _ itself behind the mountain.（2005年湖北卷）A. started; had already hidden B. had started; had already hidden C. had started; was hiding D. was starting; hid常见考点有：把过去完成时放在by + 过去时间点或by the time + 从句（一般过去时）的句子里考查。By the e

24、nd of last year, another new gymnasium _ in Beijing.（2003年上海春）A. would be completed B. was being completed C. has been completed D. had been completed把过去完成时放在by + 过去时间点或by the tim1.-Do you work here? -No, I dont really work here. I _ until the new secretary comes.just help outB. have just helped out

25、C. am just helping outD. will just help out举一反三破定势造成思维定式的干扰因素：comes从现主将误选just完成时标志误选B题眼：I dont really work here暂时性工作正确选项 CJust 的多义：刚正只不过引起祈使句1.-Do you work here?举一反三破定势造2. I_in London for many years，but Ive never regretted my final decision to move back to China. (重庆卷). lived B. was livingC. have li

26、ved D. had lived造成思维定势的干扰因素：for many years完成时标志误选C/D解题关键：For many years 与现在无联系一般过去时A一句辨析：2. I_in London for many1、现在时态高考题点击：1. - Can I help you, sir? - Yes, I bought this radio here yesterday, but it _. (96 N) A. didnt work B. wont work C. cant workD. doesnt work2. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I ha

27、vent had time to play since the new year. (2001 N) A. will playB. have playedC. playedD. playDD说明：本题的干扰源为 bought yesterday，虽然是昨天买的，但强调的是现在不响了，所以要用现在时。选项B为次选项。说明：常识告诉我们，一个人一旦获得某种技能，一般是不会在短期内失去的，所以需用一般现在时。1、现在时态DD说明：本题的干扰源为 bought ye3. E-mail, as well as telephone, _ an important part in daily communi

28、cation. (99 上海) A. is playing B. have played C. are playingD. play4. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly. (2001 N) A. is changingB. has changed C. will have changedD. will change说明：E-mail 正在日常通讯中起着重要的作用，故需用现在进行时；而 E-mail 是主语，动词应该用单数。说明：选择移动电话难的原因

29、是由于科技正在飞速发展，所以要用现在进行时；况且进行时态常给人一种情感上的描述，表示说话者的一种“感慨、赞赏、愤怒、斥责”等。AA3. E-mail, as well as telephon5. - Im sorry to keep you waiting. (94 N) - Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. wasD. will be6. - You havent been to Beijing, have you? - _. How I wish to go there! (98

30、 N) A. Yes, I haveB. Yes, I havent C. No, I haveD. No, I havent说明：现在完成时用来表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。我是几分钟前到的，可现在仍在这儿。一般过去时仅表示过去曾到过这儿，不表示现在还在这儿，所以与本句意思无关。说明：从补充的句子 “How I wish to go there!”可知“我”没到过北京。AD5. - Im sorry to keep you w7. - Hi, Tracy, you look tired. - I am tired. I _ the living room all day. (98

31、 N) A. paintedB. had painted C. have been paintingD. have painted8. I wonder why Jenny _ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.(N2002) A. hasnt writtenB. doesnt write C. wont writeD. hadnt write说明：这句话的意思是“我一整天都在刷起居室”，现在完成进行时表示从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在，而且还在进行当中。强调的是“一直在做”。说明：recently 一般都与现在完成时连用；

32、从后句“我们本该收到她的信了”可知，她最近没来过信。CA7. - Hi, Tracy, you look tir用于现在完成时的句型 1）It is the first / second time. that结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late. 注意比较 Its time that 结构： It is high time that we went to school.2）This is the th

33、at结构，that 从句要用现在完成时. This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。 用于现在完成时的句型 典型例题(1) - Do you know our town at all? - No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming (2) - Have you _ been to our t

34、own before? - No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）I have received his letter for a month.（对）I havent received his letter for almost a month. BD典型例题(1) - Do you know our t2、过去时高考题点击：1. - Nan

35、cy is not coming tonight. - But she _! (98 N) A. promisesB. promisedC. will promise D. had promised2. My uncle _ until he was forty-five. (2000 上海) A. marriedB. didnt marry C. was not marryingD. would marry说明：Nancy 答应要来这个动作应该发生在过去，是过去作出的承诺。说明：until 用在肯定句中时，主句的动词必须是延续性动词，表示该动作一直持续到 until 后的时间为止；短暂性动词

36、只能用在否定句中，表示直到此时该动作才开始。本题中 marry 是短暂性动词，所以只能用在否定句中。BB2、过去时说明：Nancy 答应要来这个动作应该发生在过去，3. - You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? (N2002) - Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. A. wasnt sayingB. dont sayC. wont sayD. didnt say说明：本题的干扰源来自上

37、下文中的时态，上文用的是现在完成时，下文用的是一般现在时，所以有些人就误以为此处该用现在时态了。但根据说话人的意思不难发现，没有说出自己的评价是在这段对话以前的事了，所以要用一般过去时。D3. - You havent said a word4. As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. (95 N) A. read was fallingB. was reading fell C. was reading was fallingD. read fell5. - Alice, why didnt you come yesterday? - I _, bu

38、t I had an unexpected visitor. (97 N) A. hadB. wouldC. was going toD. did说明：一般来说在复合句中的两个动作，延续性的动作大都用进行时，短暂性的动词用一般时，表示在某个动作进行的过程当中另一个动作发生了。说明：was going to do sth. 表示过去打算做某事；would do 表示过去愿意做某事。从后句可看出家里来了不速之客，所以没有来，故不可能选D。BC4. As she _ the newspaper, 6. - Hey, look where you are going! - Oh, Im terribl

39、y sorry. _. (99 N) A. Im not noticingB. I wasnt noticing C. I havent noticedD. I dont notice 7. - Excuse me, Sir. Would you do me a favor? - Of course. What is it? (02 北京) - I _ if you could tell me how to fill out this form. A. had wonderedB. was wondering C. would wonderD. did wonder说明：该题的干扰源来自 wh

40、ere you are going，不少人误以为是现在时了。其实很明显该动作是讲话前的事。说明：本句所表达的意思很明显，要问的问题是在此之前一直在思考的事情，故该用过去进行时。BB6. - Hey, look where you are8. The little girl _ her heart out because she _ her toy bear and believed she wasnt ever going to find it. (02 北京) A. had cried, lostB. cried, had lost C. has cried, has lostD. crie

41、s, has lost 9. Helen _ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home. (96 N) A. has left comesB. left had come C. had left cameD. had left would come说明：哭得伤心发生在过去，而丢玩具熊发生在哭之前。两个发生在过去的动作，之前发生的用过去完成时，之后发生的用一般过去时。说明：丢钥匙发生在前，等人发生在后；until 引导的是时间状语从句，不能用将来时，所以只有C项可用。BC8. The little girl

42、 _ her he10. He _ to the lab than he set out to do the experiment. (99 上海) A. has no sooner gotB. no sooner got C. will no sooner getD. had no sooner got11. John and I _ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _ each other a couple of times before that.

43、(2002 北京) A. had been, have seenB. have seen, have seen C. had been, had seenD. have been, had seen说明：本题的关键词是 than，与 than 搭配的结构只有 sb. had no sooner done than 。说明：第一句表示到现在为止认识有八年了，后一句表示在认识之前见过几次面。DD10. He _ to the lab than h3、将来时高考题点击：1. If a man _ succeed, he must work as hard as he can. (95 上海) A.

44、willB. is toC. is going toD. should2. - Youve left the light on. - Oh, so I have. _ and turn it off. (2000 N) A. Ill goB. Ive goneC. I goD. Im going说明：此句的意思为“如果一个人想要成功，就必须尽力而为”。If 引导的是条件状语从句，不能用将来时。而 be to 结构虽然表示将来的动作，但它不属于将来时。说明：本句的重点是“并行结构”，关键是看后面的 turn，所以B、C、D、都不符合。BA3、将来时说明：此句的意思为“如果一个人想要成功，就必须尽

45、力3. Ive won a holiday for two weeks to Florida. I _ my mum. (2001 北京春季) A. am taking B. have taken C. takeD. will have taken4. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ office soon. (93 N) A. leavesB. would leaveC. leftD. had left说明：本句的意思为“我赢得了到 Florida 度假两周的奖励，我打算带我妈妈去。”所以应该考虑用将来时。而现在进行

46、时常可用来表示将来发生的动作，尤其是趋向性的动词。说明：that 引导的宾语从句中的动作“离职”应该发生在“were surprised” 之后，故需用过去将来时。AB3. Ive won a holiday for two 4、状语从句中的时态问题高考题点击：1. - Can I join the club, Dad? - You can when you _ a bit older. (94 N) A. getB. will getC. are gettingD. will have got2. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to b

47、e watered if they _. (2001上海) A. have survivedB. are to survive C. would surviveD. will survive说明：时间状语从句中没有将来时，需用一般现在时替代一般将来时。说明：条件状语从句中不用将来时，但 be to 结构不属于将来时态形式。AB4、状语从句中的时态问题说明：时间状语从句中没有将来时，需用3. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _ from the university next year. (2002上海) A

48、. will graduateB. will have graduated C. graduatesD. is to graduate4. It _ long before we _ the result of the experiment. (2002上海春季) A. will not be, will knowB. is, will know C. will not be, knowD. is, know说明：by the time 引导的是时间状语从句，故不能使用将来时。D选项虽可考虑，但 be to 结构大多用来表示“义务、决定、职责、约定”等，与句意不合。说明：before 引导的是

49、时间状语从句，无将来时，而主句应该用将来时。CC3. He will have learned Englis5、祈使句中的动词问题高考题点击：1. _ it with me and Ill see what I can do. (98 N) A. When leftB. LeavingC. If you leaveD. Leave2. _ some of this juice - perhaps youll like it. (2000 北京春季) A. TryingB. TryC. To tryD. Have tried3. _ at the door before entering, please. (01 北京春季) A. knockedB. To knockC. KnockingD. Knock4. _ blood if you can and many lives will be saved. (2001上海) A. GivingB. GiveC. GivenD. To giveDBDB5、祈使句中的动词问题DBDB6、几种时态的替代问题A：一般现在时代替将来时 ： 除了在时间、条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时外，表示现在已安排好的未来事项，行程等活动也用一般现在时来代替将来时。如： The museum opens at