课标版高考英语总复习专题十四《完形填空（试题练）》教与学

1、高考英语总复习PAGE PAGE 62学好一门外语很重要。第五部分完形填空专题十四完形填空探考情 悟真题【考情探究】卷名语篇类型主题考点主题语境主题语境内容动词(短语)形容词副词名词/代词介词(短语)连词2019课标全国记叙文人与自然环境保护8417002018夹叙夹议文人与自我善于学习9317002017记叙文人与自我乐于学习10415002016记叙文人与社会社会交往7315132015记叙文人与社会社会交往633800合计4017732132019课标全国记叙文人与社会良好的人际关系9325102018记叙文人与自我家庭生活9523102017记叙文人与自我学校生活9308002016夹

2、叙夹议文人与社会社会交往6534202015夹叙夹议文人与自我善于学习733601合计40191026412019课标全国说明文人与自然人与环境7526002018记叙文人与社会社会交往10406002017记叙文人与社会社会交往9407002016记叙文人与社会社会交往642701合计321742601分析解读完形填空是全国各地高考英语必考题型之一,要求学生能够领悟一篇有空缺的文章的语篇大意,根据已学知识,整体理解,通篇考虑,推导“未知”内容。 它具有主观性测试和客观性测试的双重优点。 它既可以在篇目中考查学生的英语基础知识,即语法、词汇知识,又可以考查学生运用所学语言知识的能力,如词义辨析

3、能力、语言交际能力等。 同时它还要求学生必须具备良好的把握上下文行文逻辑和篇章结构的能力。 学生必须在一定的时间内读懂文章,把握作者意图,推断文章内涵,然后根据上下文语境,从整体上把握文章的内在逻辑关系,结合所学的语言知识和各种常识选出符合语境和文意的词语。(1)近五年高考完形填空(课标全国卷)选材特点:从短文的长度来看,近五年高考中,大部分短文在200至270词。短文的选材灵活,题材大多为个人经历、人物故事等,体裁以记叙文为主,兼顾夹叙夹议文和说明文,时代气息越来越浓,更加贴近现实生活。(2)近五年高考完形填空(课标全国卷)设空特点:第一句话通常不设空,给学生提供基本信息。 短文中设空的平均

4、间距在 1015 词。每小题所给出的四个选项一般都属于相同的词类,且属于同一范畴;干扰项也多半可以和空前或空后的词语构成搭配,从而起到一定的干扰和迷惑作用。(3)近五年高考完形填空(课标全国卷)立意特点:题目把上下文语境理解放在第一位,词汇运用和语法知识放在第二位。词汇的考查面越来越宽,但完形填空的选项设置以实词为主,即名词、动词、形容词和副词等,以虚词为辅,即连词、介词等。所设选项更具有干扰性和迷惑性,直接根据语法和固定搭配就能选出答案的试题越来越少,设空与语境的联系更加密切。【真题探秘】Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kili

5、manjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They41with them lots of waste. The42might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers(冰川)are disappearing, changing the43of Kilimanjaro.Hearing these stories, Im44about the placeother destinations are described as “purer”natural experiences.However, I soon45

6、that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of46among tons of rubbish. I find a47mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are48but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be49.The best of a Kilimanjaro50, in my opinion,

7、 isnt reaching the top. Mountains are 51as spiritual places by many cultures. This52is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as53go through five ecosystems(生态系统)in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters,54lands of low growing plants. Further up, the

8、weather55low clouds envelop the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I56twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4,000 meters is the highland57:gravel(砾石), stones and rocks.58you climb into an arctic-like zone with59snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.Does Kilimanjaro

9、60its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace?I found the opposite to be true. 41.A.keepB.mixC.connectD.bring42.A.storiesB.buildingsC.crowdsD.reporters43.A.positionB.ageC.faceD.name44.A.silentB.skepticalC.seriousD.crazy45.A.discoverB.argueC.decideD.adv

10、ocate46.A.equipmentB.grassC.campsD.stones47.A.remoteB.quietC.tallD.clean48.A.newB.specialC.significantD.necessary49.A.paying offB.spreading outC.blowing upD.fading away50.A.atmosphereB.experienceC.experimentD.sight51.A.studiedB.observedC.exploredD.regarded52.A.viewB.qualityC.reasonD.purpose53.A.scie

11、ntistsB.climbersC.localsD.officials54.A.holding on toB.going back toC.living up toD.giving way to55.A.changesB.clearsC.improvesD.permits56.A.matchB.imagineC.countD.add57.A.villageB.desertC.roadD.lake58.A.ObviouslyB.EasilyC.ConsequentlyD.Finally59.A.permanentB.littleC.freshD.artificial60.A.enjoyB.des

12、erveC.saveD.acquire首段作者介绍了一则传言,即每年大约有4万登山者攀登非洲第一高峰乞力马扎罗山,他们带来了垃圾,破坏了这里的环境。企图做某事第2、3、4段作者介绍了自己为了核实有关乞力马扎罗山的环境情况,亲自参观该地的经历。大量的经历adv.突然地熟词生义v.包住,裹住,盖住n.(颜色的)浓淡,色度最后一段作者根据自己的亲眼所见,对该地环境做出了客观的评价。adj.怀疑的adj.显著的,有重大意义的41.D 考查动词。句意：他们随身带来了(bring)大量的垃圾。A：保持，遵守；B：(使)混合；C：连接，联合。42.C 考查名词。根据第一句话可知，每年大约有4万人来到这里，故

13、答案为C项。句意：这些人群(crowds)可能会破坏这个地方的美丽。A：故事；B：建筑物；D：记者。43.C 考查名词。句意：（山上的）冰川正在消失，改变了乞力马扎罗山的外观特征(face)。A：位置，职位；B：年龄，时代；D：名字。44.B 考查形容词。根据后文的描述可知，作者对这里被破坏得面目全非的故事将信将疑(be skeptical about)，故选B项。句意：听到这些故事，我对这个地方产生了怀疑A：沉默的，不出声的；C：认真的，严肃的，严重的；D：疯狂的，着迷的。45.A 考查动词。句意：然而，自从那些天的关于被大量垃圾包围的营地的让人不安的报道以来，我不久就发现(discover

14、)这件事发生了很大的改变。B：争论，辩论；C：决定；D：提倡，拥护。46.C 考查名词。根据语境，此处应该是那些登山者在山上的营地（camps）。结合下句话中的with toilets at camps也可知答案为C项。47.D 考查形容词。结合后文对这座山的环境的改变的描述可知，这座山并不是垃圾遍地，而是干干净净的(clean)。句意：我看到的是一座干净的山，营地和路边都有厕所。48.C 考查形容词。环境挑战是非常重大的(significant)。A：新的；B：特殊的，专用的；D：必要的，必需的。49.A 考查动词短语。但是坦桑尼亚国家公园当局所付出的努力好像正在得到回报(paying of

15、f)。B：分散；C：爆发，爆炸；D：衰弱。50.B 考查名词。句意：在我看来，攀登乞力马扎罗山的经历(experience)中最好的并不是爬到山顶。A：大气层，氛围；C：实验；D：景象，视力。51.D 考查动词。句意：山被许多文化看作是(be regarded as)精神所在地。A：学习，研究；B：观察，遵守；C：探索。52.A 考查名词。当登山者在爬山的几公里内就能穿越五个生态系统时，看到的这种景象(view)在这座山上特别明显。B：质量，素质；C：原因，理由；D：目的，意图。53.B 考查名词。根据上文可知，此处是指那些登山者(climbers)亲眼看到的景象。54.D 考查动词短语。在山

16、底是热带雨林。热带雨林在海拔3千米的地方戛然而止，给低矮的植物让路了。D：为让路；A：抓住不放；B：返回；C：达到，不辜负。55.A 考查动词。再往上攀登，天气就发生了改变(changes)。B：清除，使干净；C：改善，提高；D：允许，许可。56.C 考查动词。句意：从我站立的地方我数到了(count)12种深浅不一的绿色。A：比得上，使相配；B：想象；D：增加。57.B 考查名词。句意：在海拔4千米以上是由砾石、石头和岩石组成的高地沙漠(desert)。这里只有各种各样的石头，没有绿色，称得上是一片沙漠了。58.D 考查副词。最后(Finally)，你会爬到一个区域里，这里有常年不化的(pe

17、rmanent)雪和可能会很快消失的冰川。A：明显地，显而易见地；B：容易地；C：因此，结果。59.A 考查形容词。A:永久的；B：很少的，很小的；C：新鲜的，清新的；D：人造的。60.B 考查动词。乞力马扎罗山应该得到(deserve)一座挤满了破坏这里祥和氛围的游客的高山这个名声吗？我认为相反的描述才是正确的。A：享受，喜欢；C：拯救，挽救，保存；D：获得，习得。【五年高考】A组统一命题课标卷题组Cloze 1(2019课标全国)词数:296Its about 250 miles from the hills of west-central Iowa to Ehlers home in M

18、innesota. During the long trip home, following a weekend of hunting, Ehlers 1 about the small dog he had seen 2 alongside the road. He had 3 to coax (哄) the dog to him but, frightened, it had 4.Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that 5 dog. So, four days later, he called his friend Greg, and the two

19、drove 6. After a long and careful 7, Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving 8 away. Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with 9. It just started licking (舔) Ehlers face.A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one 10 as lost in the local

20、 paper. The ad had a 11 number for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers 12 the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had 13 their dog.Jeff had 14 in Iowa before Thanksgiving with his dog, Rosie, but the gun shots had scared the dog off. Jeff searched 15 for Rosie in the next four days.Ehlers return

21、ed to Minnesota, and then drove 100 miles to Minneapolis to put Rosie on a flight to Michigan. “Its good to know theres still someone out there who 16 enough to go to that kind of 17,” says Lisa of Ehlers rescue 18.“I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as 19 to it as I am to my dogs, ”sa

22、ys Ehlers. “If it had been my dog, Id hope that somebody would be 20 to go that extra mile.” 1.A.readB.forgotC.thoughtD.heard2.A.fightingB.tremblingC.eatingD.sleeping3.A.triedB.agreedC.promisedD.regretted4.A.calmed downB.stood up C.rolled overD.run off5.A.injured B.stolenC.lostD.rescued6.A.homeB.pas

23、tC.backD.on7.A.preparationB.explanationC.testD.search8.A.cautiouslyB.casuallyC.skillfullyD.angrily9.A.surpriseB.joyC.hesitationD.anxiety10.A.predictedB.advertisedC.believedD.recorded11.A.houseB.phoneC.streetD.car12.A.calledB.copiedC.countedD.remembered13.A.fedB.adoptedC.foundD.cured14.A.huntedB.skie

24、dC.livedD.worked15.A.on purposeB.on timeC.in turnD.in vain16.A.caresB.seesC.suffersD.learns17.A.placeB.troubleC.wasteD.extreme18.A.serviceB.planC.effortD.team19.A.equalB.allergicC.gratefulD.close20.A.suitableB.proudC.wiseD.willing答案1.C2.B3.A4.D5.C6.C7.D8.A9.B10.B11.B12.A13.C14.A15.D16.A17.B18.C19.D2

25、0.DCloze 2(2019课标全国)词数:278The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March1 six months out of the year.“Of course, we 2 it when the sun is shining,” says Karin Ro, who works for the towns tourism office. “We se

26、e the sky is 3, but down in the valley its darkerits like on a 4 day.”But that 5 when a system of high-tech 6 was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks(山峰) into the valley below. Wednesday, residents(居民) of Rjukan 7 their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards

27、on a nearby mountainside were put to 8. The mirrors are controlled by a computer that 9 them to turn along with the sun throughout the 10 and to close during windy weather. They reflect a concentrated beam(束) of light onto the towns central 11, creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters.

28、 When the light 12, Rjukan residents gathered together.“People have been 13 there and standing there and taking 14 of each other,” Ro says.“The town square was totally 15. I think almost all the people in the town were there.” The 3,500 residents cannot all 16 the sunshine at the same time. 17, the

29、new light feels like more than enough for the towns 18 residents.“Its not very 19,” she says,“but it is enough when we are 20.”1.A.onlyB.obviouslyC.nearlyD.precisely2.A.fearB.believeC.hearD.notice3.A.emptyB.blueC.highD.wide4.A.cloudyB.normalC.differentD.warm5.A.helpedB.changedC.happenedD.mattered6.A

30、.computersB.telescopesC.mirrorsD.cameras7.A.rememberedB.forecastedC.receivedD.imagined8.A.repairB.riskC.restD.use9.A.forbidsB.directsC.predictsD.follows10.A.dayB.nightC.monthD.year11.A.libraryB.hallC.squareD.street12.A.appearedB.returnedC.fadedD.stopped13.A.drivingB.hidingC.campingD.sitting14.A.pict

31、uresB.notesC.careD.hold15.A.newB.fullC.flatD.silent16.A.blockB.avoidC.enjoyD.store17.A.InsteadB.HoweverC.GraduallyD.Similarly18.A.nature-lovingB.energy-savingC.weather-beatenD.sun-starved19.A.bigB.clearC.coldD.easy20.A.tryingB.waitingC.watchingD.sharing答案1.C2.D3.B4.A5.B6.C7.C8.D9.B10.A11.C12.A13.D14

32、.A15.B16.C17.B18.D19.A20.DCloze 3(2018课标全国)词数:258During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a“free”course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I1the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesnt want to2a few dollars?More than tha

33、t, Id always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I werent3enough about free credits, news about our4was appealing enough to me. He was an international grand master, which5I would be learning from one of the games6. I could hardly wait to7him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate retu

34、rning to teach, and this8was no game for him;he meant business. In his introduction, he made it9that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to10the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to11what we would learn in class to our future professions and,12, to our lives.

35、 I managed to get an A in that13and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the14.Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, Im still putting to use what he15me:“The absolute most important16that you learn when you play chess is how to make good17. On every single move you have to18a s

36、ituation, process what your opponent(对手)is doing and19the best move from among all your options.”These words still ring true today in my20as a journalist. 1.A.put forwardB.jumped atC.tried outD.turned down2.A.wasteB.earnC.saveD.pay3.A.excitedB.worriedC.movedD.tired4.A.titleB.competitorC.textbookD.in

37、structor5.A.urgedB.demandedC.heldD.meant6.A.fastestB.easiestC.bestD.rarest7.A.interviewB.meetC.challengeD.beat8.A.chanceB.qualificationC.honorD.job9.A.realB.perfectC.clearD.possible10.A.attendB.passC.skipD.observe11.A.addB.exposeC.applyD.compare12.A.eventuallyB.naturallyC.directlyD.normally13.A.game

38、B.presentationC.courseD.experiment14.A.criterionB.classroomC.departmentD.situation15.A.taughtB.wroteC.questionedD.promised16.A.factB.stepC.mannerD.skill17.A.gradesB.decisionsC.impressionsD.comments18.A.analyzeB.describeC.rebuildD.control19.A.announceB.signalC.blockD.evaluate20.A.roleB.desireC.concer

39、nD.behavior答案1.B2.C3.A4.D5.D6.C7.B8.D9.C10.B11.C12.A13.C14.B15.A16.D17.B18.A19.D20.ACloze 4(2018课标全国)词数:265Two weeks earlier, my son, Ben, had got in touch. Hed moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since Id1seen him. So imagine my2when he emailed me saying he want

40、ed to come to visit me.I was3!I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to4. The bay was5in sunshine, and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore. Getting a little6, I realized one kayak(皮划艇)was in7.“Somethings not8!”I took off my T-shirt o the water. I saw there were two i

41、nstructors on board and a man lying across the middle. He was10violently. Linking arms with one of the instructors, I helped11the young man out of the water. He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something12to me. Those brown eyes were very13.“Whats his name?”I asked the instructor.“Ben,”h

42、e replied, and immediately I14. That stranger was my son!The instructors called for an ambulance.15, after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to16and later the family met up for dinner. We chatted about everything and then Ben17to me.“I just want to say thank you,”he said.“Y

43、ou18my life!”I still cant believe what a19it was. Im just so glad I was there20to help my son. 1.A.alsoB.oftenC.evenD.last2.A.delightB.reliefC.angerD.worry3.A.scaredB.shockedC.thrilledD.ashamed4.A.talkB.stayC.meetD.settle5.A.bathedB.cleanC.deepD.formed6.A.fasterB.closerC.heavierD.wiser7.A.troubleB.a

44、dvanceC.questionD.battle8.A.realB.rightC.fairD.fit9.A.staredB.sankC.divedD.fell10.A.arguingB.fightingC.shoutingD.shaking11.A.leadB.persuadeC.carryD.keep12.A.happenedB.occurredC.appliedD.appealed13.A.sharpB.pleasantC.attractiveD.familiar14.A.agreedB.hesitatedC.doubtedD.knew15.A.FortunatelyB.FranklyC.

45、SadlyD.Suddenly16.A.returnB.relaxC.speakD.leave17.A.jokedB.turnedC.listenedD.pointed18.A.createdB.honoredC.savedD.guided19.A.coincidenceB.changeC.pityD.pain20.A.on boardB.in timeC.for sureD.on purpose答案1.D2.A3.C4.C5.A6.B7.A8.B9.C10.D11.C12.B13.D14.D15.A16.D17.B18.C19.A20.BCloze 5(2018课标全国)词数:261When

46、 most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person, we usually say “sorry,1number!”and move on. But when Dennis Williams2a text that clearly wasnt intended for him, he did something3.On March 19, Dennis got a group text4him that a couple he didnt know were at the hospital, waiti

47、ng for the5of a baby.“Congratulations!But I think someone was mistaken,”Dennis6. The baby was born and update texts were7quickly from the overjoyed grandmother, Teresa. In her8, she didnt seem to realize that she was9the babys photos with a complete stranger. “Well, I dont10you all but I will get th

48、ere to take pictures with the baby,”replied Dennis before asking which room the new11were in.Much to the familys surprise, Dennis stuck to his12!He turned up at the hospital13gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy. Lindseys husband was totally14by the unexpected visit. “I dont think we wo

49、uld have randomly invited him over but we15it and the gifts.”Teresa16a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website17by the touching words:“What a18this young man was to our family!He was so19and kind to do this.”The post has since gained the20of social media users all over the world,

50、receiving more than 184,000 shares and 61,500 likes in just three days. 1.A.unluckyB.secretC.newD.wrong2.A.receivedB.translatedC.copiedD.printed3.A.reasonableB.specialC.necessaryD.practical4.A.convincingB.remindingC.informingD.warning5.A.wake-upB.recoveryC.growthD.arrival6.A.respondedB.interruptedC.

51、predictedD.repeated7.A.coming inB.setting outC.passing downD.moving around8.A.opinionB.anxietyC.excitementD.effort9.A.comparingB.exchangingC.discussingD.sharing10.A.acceptB.knowC.believeD.bother11.A.parentsB.doctorsC.patientsD.visitors12.A.dreamB.promiseC.agendaD.principle13.A.bearingB.collectingC.o

52、peningD.making14.A.discouragedB.relaxedC.astonishedD.defeated15.A.admitB.needC.appreciateD.expect16.A.foundB.selectedC.developedD.posted17.A.confirmedB.simplifiedC.clarifiedD.accompanied18.A.pityB.blessingC.reliefD.problem19.A.smartB.calmC.sweetD.fair20.A.sympathyB.attentionC.controlD.trust答案1.D2.A3

53、.B4.C5.D6.A7.A8.C9.D10.B11.A12.B13.A14.C15.C16.D17.D18.B19.C20.BCloze 6(2017课标全国)词数:265While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through cess and found something that has changed my2at college fo

54、r the better:I discovered ASLAmerican Sign Language(美式手语).I never felt an urge to3any sign language before. My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends. The4languages were enough in all my interactions(交往). Little did I know that I would discover my5for ASL.The6began during my first week

55、at college. I watched as the ASL Club7their translation of a song. Both the hand movements and the very8of communicating without speaking9me. What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the10. This newness just left me11more.After that, feeling the need to12further, I decided to d

56、rop in on one of ASL Clubs meetings. I only learned how to13the alphabet that day. Yet instead of being discouraged by gress, I was excited. I then made it a point to15those meetings and learn all I could.The following term, I16an ASL class. The professor was deaf and any talking was17. I soon reali

57、zed that the silence was not unpleasant.18, if there had been any talking, it would have19us to learn less. Now, I appreciate the silence and the20way of communication it opens. 1.A.searchingB.planningC.naturalD.formal2.A.progressB.experienceC.majorD.opinion3.A.chooseB.readC.learnD.create4.A.officia

58、lB.foreignC.bodyD.spoken5.A.loveB.concernC.goalD.request6.A.meetingB.tripC.storyD.task7.A.recordedB.performedC.recitedD.discussed8.A.ideaB.amountC.dreamD.reason9.A.disturbedB.supportedC.embarrassedD.attracted10.A.endB.pastC.courseD.distance11.A.showingB.actingC.sayingD.wanting12.A.exerciseB.exploreC

59、.expressD.explain13.A.printB.writeC.signD.count14.A.slowB.steadyC.normalD.obvious15.A.chairB.sponsorC.attendD.organize16.A.missedB.passedC.gave upD.registered for17.A.prohibitedB.welcomedC.ignoredD.repeated18.A.LastlyB.ThusC.InsteadD.However19.A.requiredB.causedC.allowedD.expected20.A.easyB.popularC

60、.quickD.new答案1.A2.B3.C4.D5.A6.C7.B8.A9.D10.B11.D12.B13.C14.A15.C16.D17.A18.C19.B20.DCloze 7(2017课标全国)词数:269In 1973, I was teaching elementary school. Each day, 27 kids 1 “The Thinking Laboratory”. That was the 2students voted for after deciding that “Room 104” was too 3.Freddy was an average 4, but