新高考版英语高中总复习专题十一《概要写作（试题练）》教与学

1、高考英语总复习PAGE PAGE 16学好一门外语很重要。专题十一概要写作【考情探究】考点所给信息特点考情分析2019浙江6月2018浙江11月2018浙江6月2017浙江11月2017浙江6月2016浙江10月概要写作语篇类型议论文议论文轮空轮空轮空轮空话题如何有效表扬孩子建议申请者参观即将去读的大学词数342349分析解读1.考查方式提供一篇350词以内的短文,要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。2.考查能力要求考生在正确理解文章的基础上, 在不改变原文中心思想的前提下,用简明、精炼的语句高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点。概要写作的文章将主要考虑以下内容:(1)对原文要点的理解和呈

2、现情况;(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性;(3)上下文的连贯性;(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。3.考查趋势(1)概要写作考试的设题形式将保持稳定,选材主要是说明文和议论文;(2)文章结构比较清楚,但文章难度会稳中有升,略高于阅读理解的文章;(3)文章取材大多会来自国外报刊网站。【真题探秘】真题再现Its a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same. Nothing will give you the s

3、ense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus(校园)like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms, classrooms and athletic equipment and, of course, the students. It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses, and it can also be pricey if

4、 the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away. But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one.Theres no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area. In

5、fact, a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited campus, and obviously, if you live across the country that wont be as much of a possibility, but if you live nearby, go check it out!If campus visits arent going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some time b

6、etween applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools youd like to attend. It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out now the things that you dont like about certain campuses, things that you wouldnt know unless you actually visit.Now, if time and money are making it impos

7、sible, then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive. Its a chance to chat online with admissions officers, students, and college counselors(顾问), and it wont cost you a penny! You can register for its online college fair at . While visiting an online college fair cant take the place of

8、an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities youd like to attend.阅读点拨本文采用了总分结构,每一段的第一句都是主旨句,能帮助考生迅速把握文章和段落大意。 1.文章大意在你申请之前参观一下大学是个好主意。 2.段落大意第二段:没有理由不去参观你所在地区的学校。第三段:你应该在申请和得到

9、录取通知书之间找到一些时间来参观学校。第四段:如果无法亲自参观的话,可以登录网站了解相关的信息。【高分作文写作过程详解】1.获取主旨大意,寻找支持信息(1)文章主旨句Its a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply.(2)段落主旨句Paragraph 2: Theres no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area.Paragraph 3: .you should find some time between applying and getting your acc

10、eptance letters to visit the schools.Paragraph 4: .check out the online college fairs at College-WeekLive.(3)支持句第四段中的it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities youd like to attend可以看作是对段落主旨句的进一步解释和

11、说明。2.立足文章结构,筛选主要信息本文为议论文,文章采用了总分结构,全文主旨大意是第一级信息,各段落主旨大意是第二级信息,它们必须作为主要信息写入概要。根据本文实际,段落支持信息不再写入概要。3.分析句子关系,提炼关键词本文为议论文,visit colleges、visit the schools、check out the online college fairs等词语为关键词,它们是概要写作的基础和核心。4.依据逻辑关系,整合相关信息(1)可利用同位语将文章主旨句和第二段的主旨句进行整合:Its a really good idea to visit colleges before yo

12、u apply, especially the ones in your local area.(2)可利用定语从句将最后一段的段落主旨句和支持句进行整合:Check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive that will help you make an informed decision.5.忠于原文思想,变换表达方式Its a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply, especially the ones in your local area.Its wise o

13、f you to visit colleges before you apply, especially the ones close to you.6.运用衔接手段,确保行文连贯It is wise of you to pay a personal visit to colleges, especially the ones close to you.(使用副词especially增强了上下文之间的连贯性)参考范文五档作文It is wise of you to pay a personal visit to the college you are applying to, especial

14、ly the ones close to you.(要点1)In order to avoid making a wrong choice, you should at least visit the colleges before getting your acceptance letters.(要点2) If you find it difficult to get enough time and money, it will be helpful to go to the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive and there you can

15、get the necessary information.(要点3)满分作文It is a wise choice for you to visit the colleges you are applying to in person, especially the ones that are close to you. (要点1)In order to avoid being regretful, you should at least visit the colleges before getting your acceptance letters.(要点2)If time and mo

16、ney are your problems, it will be of great benefit to go to the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive where you can get the necessary information.(要点3)【五年高考】(2019浙江6月)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confid

17、ent Kids, says, “Weve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.”By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think theyre building their childrens confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and,when given in a way th

18、ats insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents praise has put them.Still,dont go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much.Kids will feel like theyre not good eno

19、ugh or that you dont care and,as a result,may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome,you can give it as oft

20、en as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize our childrens efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,”says Donahue,author of Parenting Without Fear:Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. “One thing to remember is th

21、at its the process not the end product that matters.”Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if hes out there every day and playing hard,you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizin

22、g your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard,cook dinner,or finish a book report. But whatever it is,praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相称的)to the amount of effort your child has put into it.答案写作提示1.本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了如何有效表扬孩子的问题。文章结构清楚,论点明确。2.文章第一段指出过度的表扬不利于孩子

23、的成长。第二段认为不表扬孩子也不好。第三段指出了表扬的核心:要关注过程而非结果。最后一段指出,我们要表扬孩子的努力,不必太过关注结果。3.针对此类文章最好在概要中加入主旨句,先对文章的总体内容给予介绍。One possible version:How to praise our kids is really a sensitive problem.(主旨)Experts believe that too much praise or praising the kids in a wrong way may have opposite effects on children.(要点1) On t

24、he other hand, no praise also does harm to kids development.(要点2)To gain the best result, our praise should focus on the process rather than the end product.(要点3) Therefore,what we should praise is our kids proper effort, regardless of the result.(要点4)【三年模拟】A组20182020年模拟基础题组Writing 1(2020届山东济宁鱼台一中期中

25、)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Smoking a whole packet of cigarettes in a day once or twice a year would certainly make someone feel ill, but probably would not kill him. Smoking even one cigarette every day for decades, though, might do so. That is the difference between the acute exposure and the chron

26、ic(慢性的)one, and it is a difference that most people understand. What they may not understand is that the same thing applies to air pollution.On a day-to-day basis, the forecasts most European cities offer turn red only when pollution levels rise to a point where they will cause immediate discomfort.

27、 That makes sense, but it might also make the badly-informed citizens think that if most days in the place where they live are green, the air theyre breathing is basically safe. This may not be the case. For example, in London where the national data said air quality was “good” or “very good”four da

28、ys out of five, a study found that levels of NO2 were always higher than the WHOs limit of a long-term danger.Official data also fail to notice patterns of difference within a day. These can be important,because people might be able to change their behavior if they understood them. Our study suggest

29、s, for example, that Parisians who head out for work at 9 a.m. and return at 6 p.m. could reduce their average daily intake of NO2 by 16% by traveling both ways an hour earlier. Going two hours earlier would cut the intake by 28%.The best advice of all to people in these cities,though, is to move to

30、 America. In New York, levels of NO2 were 20% below the WHO limit, and that is pretty typical of places in the United States, where diesel(柴油) is less common than that in Europe. As the words on the Statue of Liberty say, “Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled(蜷缩的) masses yearning to breathe f

31、ree.”答案写作提示本文是一篇说明文。文章认为空气污染即使很轻微,长期污染也会有害健康。1.本文共分四段:第一段引出下文要谈论的话题,接下来三个段落对空气污染的话题展开论述并提出解决问题的对策。2.概要可以从每个自然段提取核心信息,组成四个要点。 3.注意各个要点之间的自然衔接。One possible version:Like cigarettes, air pollution can be mild, but it is also harmful to human health in the long term.(要点1)The forecasts saying days are gre

32、en dont mean the air is absolutely safe to breathe. (要点2)Most European citizens are not informed of the different patterns of pollution within a day. (要点3)These people are advised to move to America, where the air is quite clean.(要点4)Writing 2(2020届浙江杭州三校一模)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。It was once comm

33、on to regard Britain as a society with class distinction. Each class had unique characteristics. In recent years, many writers have begun to speak of the “decline of class” and “classless society” in Britain. And in modern day consumer society everyone is considered to be middle class.But pronouncin

34、g the death of class is too early. A recent wide-ranging study of public opinion found 90 percent of people still placing themselves in a particular class; 73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of British society; and 52 percent thought there were still sharp class differences. Thus, c

35、lass may not be culturally and politically obvious, yet it remains an important part of British society. Britain seems to have a love of classes.One unchanging aspect of a British persons class position is accent. The words a person speaks show her or his class. A study of British accents during the

36、 1970s found that a voice sounding like a BBC newsreader was viewed as the most attractive voice. Most people said this accent sounded “educated” and “soft”. The accents placed at the bottom in this study, on the other hand, were regional (地区的) city accents. These accents were seen as “common” and “

37、ugly”. However, a similar study of British accents in the US turned these results upside down and placed some regional accents as the most attractive and BBC English as the least. This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based on class prejudice.In recent years, ho

38、wever, young upper middle-class people in London, have begun to adopt some regional accents, in order to hide their class origins. This is an indication of class becoming unnoticed. However, the 1995 pop song “Common People” puts forward the view that though a middle-class person may “want to live l

39、ike common people” they can never appreciate the reality of a working-class life.答案写作提示本文是一篇说明文。文章认为目前英国仍然有浓厚的阶层倾向。1.本文共分四段,每段主旨都很清楚。2.概要可以根据各个自然段来写。3.注意各个要点之间的自然衔接。One possible version:Currently Britain seems to be classless in the consumer society. (要点1)However, a study shows British still have a

40、strong sense of class which continues to be a crucial part for them. (要点2) What remains the same is that the accent represents a persons class while peoples attitudes to the accent are related to class prejudice. (要点3)Nevertheless, nowadays the young upper middle class cover up their origins with ot

41、her accents. (要点4)Writing 3(2020届浙江嘉兴一模)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Did you know that 60.2% of US families own dogs? Thats about 50 million families. Besides being a faithful companion, these friends also provide many health benefits that can be truly life-changing for your fitness and wellness.Most d

42、ogs need to do their business outside many times per day, so you are up and moving more often than non-pet owners. The average dog owner spends 300 minutes per week walking, compared to a non-pet owners 168 minutes. Frequent daily exercise lowers your blood pressure and reduces your chances of suffe

43、ring from heart disease.Your physical health isnt the only thing that gets better with a companion dog. You can also improve your mental well-being. People suffering from anxiety find it helpful to have a dog on hand thats happy to provide assistance. You can find many dogs operating as emotional su

44、pport animals, and helping people in stressful situations feel better. If your dog is a more active type, you could find yourself taking your friend all over the place. If you take your dog to the forest, you actually lower your tendency to suffer negative(消极的) feelings. A study discovered that the

45、part of the brain that is most active when you deal with negative things calms down when you spend time among the trees.The dog ownership routine allows you to build healthy habits and it also gives you the opportunity to make social connections. Dog parks are filled with people you share a common i

46、nterest with, and there are plenty of people who love to give dogs a friendly pat(轻拍)during walks. All of these are opportunities to have new great friendships and other emotional connections.答案写作提示本文是一篇说明文,主要说明了养狗可以使人身心健康。1.文章第一段提出观点。2.第二段至第四段分别就这个观点进行阐述。注意把握各段的核心词。One possible version:Many US fami

47、lies have dogs and these companion animals help improve peoples health in many ways. (要点1) Taking the dog for a walk every day contributes to physical health. (要点2) Besides, dogs, which can offer people emotional support or get them close to nature, bring psychological benefits. (要点3) They also prov

48、ide more chances of positive social interaction with people of the same interest. (要点4)Writing 4(2020届浙江嘉兴期中)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Most people around the world are right-handed. This fact also seems to have held true throughout history. In 1977 scientists studied works of art made at various tim

49、es in history. Most of the people shown in these works of art are right-handed, so scientists guessed that right-handedness has always been common. But what do Leonardo da Vinci, Marie Curie, and Albert Einstein have in common? They were all left-handed along with other famous people including Brad

50、Pitt, Prince William, and Barack Obama. In fact, an estimated 13 percent of the worlds population may be left-handed.Many researchers claim to have found relationships between left-handedness and various physical and mental characteristics, such as blond hair, blue eyes, and sleep difficulties. Othe

51、r studies have found a higher-than-normal level of left-handed people in certain occupations(职业), including professional baseball players, architects, as well as prisoners. However, some of these connections are very weak, and others have not been proven.What makes a person become right-handed rathe

52、r than left-handed? One simple idea suggests that people normally get right-handedness from their parents. Studies have found that two right-handed parents have only a 9.5-percent chance of having a left-handed child, while two left-handed parents have a 26-percent chance of having a left-handed chi

53、ld. Another common theory is that left-handed people suffer mild brain damage during birth, which makes them left-handed.Whatever the reasons behind it, peoples attitudes toward left-handedness have changed a lot over the years. Statistics show that although 13 percent of young people are left-hande

54、d, only six percent of the elderly are left-handed. Left-handed children used to be punished until they began using their right hand like other children, but today people who are left-handed are no longer looked down on nor are they considered abnormal. For most people today, either case is perfectl

55、y acceptable. There are even a number of shops now selling products for left-handed people, such as left-handed can openers, guitars, and even a left-handed camera.答案写作提示本文是说明文,介绍了左撇子的比例、对左撇子的研究以及人们对左撇子的态度变化。1.本文共分四段:第一段的首句和尾句可整合成第一个要点;第二段的首句和尾句可整合成第二个要点;在第三段中提取左撇子出现的原因,作为第三个要点;将第四段的首句改写为第四个要点。2.注意各

56、个要点之间的自然衔接。One possible version:While most of the worlds population is right-handed, a minority are left-handed. (要点1) Many researchers claim left-handedness has something to do with physical and mental features and professions, but these assumptions lack solid evidence. (要点2) Some think left-handed

57、ness is genetic while others attribute it to mild brain injury during birth. (要点3) Nowadays, peoples attitudes toward left-handedness have changed a lot with the whole society accepting lefties more than before.(要点4) Writing 5(2019浙江宁波二模)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Nowadays, it is most probable that y

58、ou have an electronic device loaded with hundreds or even thousands of your favourite songs. At any moment, you can fill your headphones with the sounds of a particular song that suits your mood at that exact time.Music is so common. But have you realized the power of it? Are you getting ready for a

59、 big soccer match or do you need to get excited? Maybe some hip hop with a strong beat will do the trick! Besides, you might be ready to study for a big exam the next day. To help you study better,a little bit of Mozart might make you remember things better.We may all have been moved by particular s

60、ongs that spoke to us in some situations. But is there any scientific evidence showing that music really has such effect on people? Of course,there is! Scientists have long recognized the power of music. Over the years, many studies have been done to examine in greater depth the nature and extent of