浙江版高考英语总复习专题九《细节理解（试题练）》教与学

1、高考英语总复习PAGE PAGE 59学好一门外语很重要。专题九细节理解探考情 悟真题【考情探究】考点考向考情分析预测热度考频统计考查目标2019-062018-112018-062017-112017-06阅读理解细节理解33535考纲要求考生阅读文章以获得某些特定的信息或准确地寻求所需的细节。这类试题有时比较直接,理解字面意思即可答题;有时则需要一定的归纳、概括和推理才能答题分析解读1.细节理解题是比较基础的题目,主要考查考生对具体信息的获取和理解能力。题干针对原文具体信息设题。设题的内容包括时间、地点、方式、原因或数字计算、排列顺序等。命题常用when, what, why, who 等

2、特殊疑问词以及句子缺项等方式考查。细节理解题常用的命题方法是:发现信息。此类题设题的目标是要求考生快速准确地发现信息。而正确的设项则是把原文中的一些信息用意义相近的词表述,从而使之成为正确选项。语言变化。该类题设题是把原文中的一些关键词进行变化,让考生去分析配对信息。语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言进行简化,设置题干。反义设题。把原文中的意思反过来表达,设置题干。2.细节理解题是浙江高考的主要题型之一,所占比例很高。细节理解题考查考生对文中的某一特定的表层信息的把握,该类题目是根据文章的细节设计的。只要考生能理解文章的主旨,理解相关的句子,解题的难度一般不会太大。但近年来,题目难度系数有一定的增加

3、。很多题目需要综合多个信息,并进行一定的归纳才能得到正确的答案。【五年高考】A组2019年全国高考题组Passage 1(2019课标全国,C)词数:261 As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologieslike fingerprint scansto keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensiv

4、e, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem:a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer

5、of security by analyzing things like the force of a users typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine peoples identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer its connected toregardless of whethe

6、r someone gets the password right.It also doesnt require a new type of technology that people arent already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the sma

7、rt keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team ho

8、pes to make it to market in the near future.1.Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?A.To reduce pressure on keys.B.To improve accuracy in typing.C.To replace the password system.D.To cut the cost of e-space protection.2.What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?A.Computers

9、are much easier to operate.B.Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.C.Typing patterns vary from person to person.D.Data security measures are guaranteed.3.What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?A.Itll be environment-friendly.B.Itll reach consumers soon.C.Itll be made of plastics.

10、D.Itll help speed up typing.4.Where is this text most likely from?A.A diary.B.A guidebook.C.A novel.D.A magazine.答案1.D2.C3.B4.DPassage 2(2019北京,A)词数:391Want to explore new cultures, meet new people and do something worthwhile at the same time?You can do all the three with Global Development Associat

11、ion (GDA). Whatever stage of life youre at, wherever you go and whatever project you do in GDA, youll create positive changes in a poor and remote community(社区).We work with volunteers of all ages and backgrounds. Most of our volunteers are aged 1724. Now we need volunteer managers aged 2575. They a

12、re extremely important in the safe and effective running of our programmes. We have such roles as project managers, mountain leaders, and communication officers.Depending on which role you choose, you could help to increase a communitys access to safe drinking water, or help to protect valuable loca

13、l cultures. You might also design an adventure challenge to train young volunteers.Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally, youll also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness. You may have chances to meet new people wholl become your lifelong friends.This summ

14、er we have both 4-week and 7-week programmes:CountrySchedule4-week programmes7-week programmesAlgeria5 Jul.1 Aug.20 Jun.7 Aug.Egypt24 Jul.20 Aug.19 Jun.6 Aug.Kenya20 Jul.16 Aug.18 Jun.5 Aug.South Africa2 Aug.29 Aug.15 Jun.2 Aug.GDA ensures that volunteers work with community members and local projec

15、t partners where our help is needed. All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities.There is no other chance like a GDA programme. Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own skills while bringing benefits to the communities.Find out more about joining a GDA pr

16、ogramme:Website:Email:humanresources1.What is the main responsibility of volunteer managers?A.To seek local partners.B.To take in young volunteers.C.To carry out programmes.D.To foster cultural awareness.2.The programme beginning in August will operate in.A.EgyptB.AlgeriaC.KenyaD.South Africa3.The s

17、hared goal of GDAs projects is to.A.explore new culturesB.protect the environmentC.gain corporate benefitsD.help communities in need答案1.C2.D3.DPassage 3(2019北京,B)词数:381Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur(创业者), who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. By the time she was 13, her company was

18、 worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids teeth, instead of destroying them.It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy bar. However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But Mo

19、ore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, “Why cant I make a healthy candy thats good for my teeth so that my parents cant say no to it?”With that in mind, Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company. He recommended that she do some research an

20、d talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.With her dads permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she suc

21、ceeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.Moore then used her savings to get her business off the ground. Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell Moores productCanCan

22、dy.As CanCandys success grows, so does Moores credibility as a young entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and shes also positive about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.Meanwhile, with her parents help, Moore is

23、 generally able to live a normal teenage life. Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasnt driven primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilieCandys profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and determination, it a

24、ppears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.1.How did Moore react to her dads warning?A.She argued with him.B.She tried to find a way out.C.She paid no attention.D.She chose to consult dentists.2.What is special about CanCandy?A.It is beneficial to dental health.B.It is free of sweeteners

25、.C.It is sweeter than other candies.D.It is produced to a dentists recipe.3.What does Moore expect from her business?A.To earn more money.B.To help others find smiles.C.To make herself stand out.D.To beat other candy companies.4.What can we learn from Alice Moores story?A.Fame is a great thirst of t

26、he young.B.A youth is to be regarded with respect.C.Positive thinking and action result in success.D.Success means getting personal desires satisfied.答案1.B2.A3.B4.CPassage 4(2019天津,A)词数:342History Fair CompetitionUnderstanding history is vital to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation.

27、History is much more than the study of dusty old objects and events long past. It is an essential part of who we are today and who we will become. Thornton Middle School History Fair Competition makes understanding history exciting, engaging, and fun!This Years ThemeAll participants must address how

28、 communication or transportation technology has promoted the quality of life for Americans throughout history. To many people, technology means computers, hand-held devices, or vehicles that travel to distant planets. However, technology is also the application of scientific knowledge to solve a pro

29、blem, touching lives in countless ways.Individuals or groups may enter one of the following categories:PerformanceDocumentary(纪实作品)Essay WritingCategory RequirementsPerformance:A dramatic presentation of the topic no more than 10 minutes long. If special clothes are used, they should truly represent

30、 a given period.Documentary:A visual presentation(such as a video, slide show, or computer project)no more than 10 minutes long. A desktop computer, screen, projector, and loudspeakers will be available. Students must provide their presentations on CDs before Friday, March 23.Essay Writing:An academ

31、ic paper of 2,000 to 2,500 words. No illustrations(图解) are allowed. Please do not include covers. A list of references must be included.Important DatesJanuary 5Submit a topic proposal to your history teacher. The teacher may require a second proposal if the first is off-topic or unclear.February 5Su

32、bmit a first draft of your essay, performance script(剧本), or documentary highlights.February 19A committee of teachers will evaluate materials and give opinions. Students then have an opportunity to improve their products.March 9Submit a final draft of your essay.March 15Performance and documentary

33、committee previewMarch 24Thornton Middle School History Fair Competition7:00 A.M.9:00 A.M.Participants signing in at the gym10:00 A.M.6:00 P.M.Competition and judges review7:00 P.M.Awards ceremony and picnic1.According to Paragraph 1, what is the major goal of understanding history?A.To preserve nat

34、ional traditions.B.To prepare for a history competition.C.To better know the present and future.D.To further explore historical mysteries.2.What is the theme of this years competition?A.Technology advances science.B.Science interacts with technology.C.Science has made the study of history easy.D.Tec

35、hnology has improved the life of Americans.3.Among the items provided by the school for a visual presentation are .A.special clothes and a screenB.a desktop computer and a CDC.a projector and special clothesD.a desktop computer and loudspeakers4.What would a participant have to do with an essay of 1

36、,500 words to meet the category requirement?A.Include more information in the essay.B.Remove the references.C.Provide a cover for the essay.D.Explain the details with illustrations.5.What will the committee of teachers do on February 19?A.Preview performances and documentaries.B.Make comments on the

37、 materials.C.Improve the participants first draft.D.Collect a second proposal from the participant.答案1.C2.D3.D4.A5.BB组20152018年全国高考题组Passage 1(2018浙江11月,B)词数:255This month millions of American kids can forget about classroom bells and set off for grandparents homes, sleep-away camps and lifeguard st

38、ands. But summer vacation hasnt always been a birthright of U.S. schoolchildren. Before the Civil War, schools operated on one of two calendars(日历), neither of which included a summer vacation. Rural(农村的)schooling was divided into summer and winter terms, leaving kids free to help with the farm work

39、 in the spring planting and fall harvest seasons. Urban students, meanwhile, regularly had as many as 48 weeks of study a year, with one break per quarter.In the 1840s, however, educational reformers like Horace Mann moved to combine the two calendars out of concern that rural schooling was not enou

40、gh and that overusing of young minds could lead to nervous disorders. Summer appeared as the obvious time for a break:it offered a rest for teachers, fit in the farming calendar and reduced doctors concern that packing students into hot classrooms would promote the spread of disease.But peoples opin

41、ion about the modern U.S. school year, which averages 180 days, is still divided. Some experts say its pleasant but lazy summer break, which took hold in the early 20th century, is one of the reasons math skills and graduation rates of U.S. high schoolers ranked well below average in two internation

42、al education reports published in 2007. Others insist that with children under increasing pressure to devote their downtime to internships(实习)or study, theres still room for an institution that protects the lazy days of childhood.1.What did the rural school calendar before the Civil War allow childr

43、en to do?A.Enjoy a summer vacation.B.Take a break each quarter.C.Have 48 weeks of study a year.D.Assist their parents with farm work.2.What did the educational reformers do in the 1840s?A.They introduced summer vacation.B.They shortened rural school terms.C.They promoted the study of farming.D.They

44、advocated higher pay for teachers.3.Why are some people unhappy about the modern U.S. school year?A.It pushes the teachers too hard.B.It reduces the quality of education.C.It ignores science instruction.D.It includes no time for internships.答案1.D2.A3.BPassage 2(2018浙江6月,C)词数:292As cultural symbols g

45、o, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line(装配线)on September 27,1908. Only eleven cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.Modern A

46、merica was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture:the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger. For most of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be Americangoing forward at high speed to find new wor

47、lds. The road novel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest public works project in history.In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with“a chicken in every pot and a car in every gara

48、ge.”Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial power.The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster. In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since

49、1990.The problems of excessive(过度的)energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L. Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.Friedman points out that the green economy(经济)is a chance to keep American strength. “The ab

50、ility to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”1.Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?A.To explain Americans love for travelling by car.B.To show the influence of ca

51、rs on American culture.C.To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.D.To praise the effectiveness of Americas road system.2.What has the use of cars in America led to?A.Decline of economy.B.Environmental problems.C.A shortage of oil supply.D.A farm-based society.3.What is Friedmans attitud

52、e towards Americas future?A.Ambiguous.B.Doubtful.C.Hopeful.D.Tolerant.答案1.B2.B3.CPassage 3(2018北京,B)词数:284Find Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation(航空) CenterIf youre looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center(SAC)is the place to be. The Center offers programs designed to chal

53、lenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun.More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions. They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and t

54、hey leave with real-world applications for what theyre studying in the classroom.For the trainees, the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges(荣誉徽章). At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simu

55、lated(模拟)flying to space with the crew from all over the world. The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge. They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit(驾驶舱)of a variety of flight simulators. Trainees also get a good st

56、art on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water-and land-survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of a “downed” pilot.With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task.All this fun is available fo

57、r ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7.Stay an hour or stay a weekthere is something here for everyone!For more details, please visit us online at .1.Why do people come to SAC?A.To experience adventures.B.To

58、 look for jobs in aviation.C.To get a degree in engineering.D.To learn more about medicine.2.To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to.A.fly to spaceB.get an Aviation badge firstC.study the principles of flightD.build and fire model rockets3.What is the most important for trainees?A.Lead

59、ership.B.Team spirit.C.Task planning.D.Survival skills.答案1.A2.D3.BPassage 4(2018天津,A)词数:332Fire Prevention InformationThe University of Adelaide employs a full-time staff of fire prevention professionals. They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(喷水灭火装置)systems, fire alar

60、ms, and fire extinguishers(灭火器). They also provide educational programs on fire safety in the residence halls. Whenever you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room.Fire AlarmsThe floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual(手动