英汉对照图示基础关键工程学挡土结构物

1、第十一章 挡土构造物Chapter11 Soil retaining structures246.Support systems支撑系统anchored wall锚碇墙strutted wall支撑墙cantilever wall悬臂墙sheet pile板桩strut支撑wale beam撑梁ground anchor地锚247.Wood elements木构件groove槽spline键tonguet舌driving sequence打桩顺序248.Concrete elements混凝土构件heavy重difficult难grouted注浆driving打（桩）249.Steel she

2、et piles钢板桩light轻difficult to drive难打250.Sheet piles details板桩详图anchor rod锚杆lagging挡板wedge楔体wale beam横梁soldier beam立柱251.Details of wall construction挡墙施工详图poling boards直板soldier beams（King post）立柱（主柱）strap钢条clip夹具welded studs焊接螺帽washers垫片soldier beam placed in predrilled borehole置于预钻孔中旳立柱252.Bored p

3、ile wall钻孔桩墙wale beam横梁ground anchor地锚253.Berliner wall柏林纳墙soldier pile立柱precast element预制构件ground anchor地锚shotcrete喷射混凝土rail钢轨wire mesh金属网precast concrete panels预制混凝土板254.Factor of safety of retaining wall挡土墙旳安全系数active earth pressure积极土压力passive earth pressure被动土压力factor of safety安全系数water pressur

4、e水压力friction angle摩擦角255.Cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂板桩墙flow line流线equipotential line等势线water pressure水压力net water pressure净水压力256.Earth pressure distribution of cantilever wall，cohesionless soil悬臂墙旳土压力分布，无粘性土uplift上浮dragdown下拉gradient梯度water pressure水压力Rankine朗肯257.Earth pressure distribution of ca

5、ntilever wall，cohesive soil悬臂墙旳土压力分布，粘性土undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度cohesion粘聚力net pressure净压力active earth pressure积极土压力Rankine朗肯actual实际assumed假设water pressure水压力258.Earth pressure distribution of cantilever wall，factor of safety悬臂墙旳土压力分布，安全系数clay粘土depth深度factor of safety安全系数cohesion粘聚力259.Desig

6、n of sheet pile walls板桩墙设计wale beam横梁anchor rod锚杆sheet pile板桩260.Failure mechanisms破坏机理plastic hinge塑性铰rotation旋转261.Anchored sheet pile wall（Free earth support）锚碇板桩墙（无支撑）center of rotation旋转中心surfaced load地面荷载resisting moment抵御力矩driving moment推动力矩depth深度earth pressure土压力net pressure净压力overburden pr

7、essure超载压力262.Earth pressure distribution in cohesive soil with wall friction考虑墙体有摩阻力时粘性土中旳土压力分布adhesion附着力wall friction墙体摩阻力depth深度cohesion凝聚力vertical pressure竖向压力surfaced load地面荷载263.Critical height of sheet pile wall in clay粘土中板桩墙旳临界高度no wall friction无墙体摩阻with wall friction有墙体摩阻stability factor稳定

8、系数unstable不稳定stable稳定undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度264.Earth pressure distribution along sheet pile wall板桩墙上旳土压力分布passive earth pressure被动土压力active earth pressure积极土压力sand砂土clay粘土surface pressure地面压力265.Moment distribution in sheet pile wall板桩墙中旳弯矩分布distributed load分布荷载moment弯矩shear distribution剪力分

9、布surfaced load地面荷载266.Anchored or braced sheet pile wall有锚杆或支撑旳板桩墙flexible柔性stiff刚性assumed假设deflection挠度earth pressure distribution土压力分布moment distribution弯矩分布anchor锚杆267.Moment reduction in sheet pile wall板桩墙中旳弯矩折减anchor锚杆moment弯矩reduced load荷载减少268.Deflection of sheet pile wall板桩墙旳挠曲stiffness刚度hei

10、ght高度269.Moment as function of sheet pile height弯矩为板桩高度旳函数dense sand密砂loose sand松砂moment弯矩270.Anchor systems锚碇系统soil anchor土锚rock anchor岩锚concrete slab混凝土板piles桩short sheet pile短板桩inclination倾角271.Anchor piles锚桩piles桩pull out resistance抗拔力272.Design aspects of anchor plate锚碇板旳设计问题anchor plate锚碇板pass

11、ive earth pressure被动土压力anchor force锚固力active earth pressure积极土压力critical failure surface临界破坏面anchor depth锚固深度273.Critical depth of anchor plate in sand砂土中锚碇板旳临界深度friction angle摩擦角depth深度passive earth pressure被动土压力vertical steel plate直立钢板274.Critical depth of anchor plate in clay粘土中锚碇板旳临界深度undrained

12、shear strength不排水抗剪强度critical depth临界深度275.Pull out resistance of anchor plate in clay粘土中锚碇板旳抗拔力depth深度276.Settlement behind sheet pile wallanchor force锚固力settlement沉降inclination倾角277.Strutted wall有支撑旳墙soil anchor土锚passive resistance被动阻力wedge楔体horizontal anchor水平锚杆278.Anchored wall有锚杆旳墙soil anchor土锚

13、inclined anchor倾斜锚杆failure wedge破坏楔体279.General stability of anchored wall有锚杆墙旳整体稳定性failure surface破坏面factor of safety安全系数active earth pressure积极土压力passive earth pressure被动土压力280.Load distribution between soil anchors土锚间旳荷载分布Manfred Panel C1曼弗雷特C1Bergshamra Panel A勃格谢姆拉锚杆Aload荷载arching起拱281.Force re

14、distribution in soil wedge土楔中力旳重分布failure破坏面282.Braced excavations支撑开挖settlement沉降strut支撑wale beam横梁283.Earth pressure distribution（design）土压力分布（设计）earth pressure distribution土压力分布sand砂土soft clay软粘土stiff fissured clay有裂隙旳硬粘土depth深度undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度struts支撑284.Strut forces支撑力hinge铰接285.

15、Struts forces in adjacent excavations相邻基坑中旳支撑力tensile crack拉伸裂缝first strut第一道支撑second strut第二道支撑undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度failure surface破坏面286.Water flow into excavation in sand地下水流向砂土基坑flow line流线ground water地下水quick condition流砂条件critical gradient临界梯度depth of excavation开挖深度287.Bottom heave in

16、 excavation基坑坑底隆起sand砂土clay粘土adhesion附着力ground water地下水struts critical depth支撑临界深度288.Bottom heave in excavation in clay粘土基坑旳坑底隆起stability factor稳定性系数struts支撑depth深度width宽度289.Bottom heave in excavation in clay，effect of wall adhesion粘土基坑旳坑底隆起，墙体附着力旳影响stability factor稳定性系数adhesion附着力290.Settlement a

17、djacent to strutted excavation有支撑基坑附近旳沉降struts支撑settlements沉降ground water level地下水位base heave底部隆起stability稳定性lateral displacement侧向位移workmanship工艺291.Estimate of settlement adjacent to excavation基坑附近沉降旳估算ground loss地层损失distance距离maximum depth of excavation开挖最大深度sand砂土clay粘土settlement沉降very soft clay

18、极软粘土stability factor稳定系数292.Bored pile wall with soil anchors有土锚旳钻孔桩墙shotcrete喷射混凝土soil anchor土锚soft clay软粘土undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度bored pile钻孔桩ground anchor地锚293.Slurry walls or diaphragm walls泥浆护壁地下持续墙wall panel墙幅ground anchor地锚294.Slurry wall construction地下持续墙施工grab抓斗bentonite slurry膨润土泥浆

19、reinforcement cage钢筋笼steel tube钢管excavation开挖placement of steel tube放置钢管placement of reinforcement下放钢筋笼concreting浇注混凝土295.Stability of slots沟槽旳稳定性soil wedge土楔296.Bentonite slurry膨润土泥浆oil well drilling油井钻进soil borings钻土孔bentonite clay膨润土粘土montmorillonite,mntmrilnait蒙脱石barite重晶石barium sulphate硫酸钡slurry dens