北京版高考英语高中总复习专题十二《形容词和副词（讲解练）》教与学

1、第四部分 语法知识专题十二 形容词和副词高考英语 北京专用考点一形容词、副词的基本用法 一、形容词的基本用法考点清单功能例句定语前置定语These are valuable suggestions.这些是宝贵的建议。后置定语He is the happiest person alive.他是世上最快乐的人。(表语形容词作后置定语)Do you have anything important to tell me?你有重要的事情要告诉我吗?(形容词修饰复合不定代词,作后置定语)This is a book suitable for chil-dren.这是一本适合孩子们的书。(形容词短语作后置定

2、语)功能例句表语His suggestions are very valuable.他的建议很有价值。宾补I consider his suggestion very valuable.我认为他的建议很有价值。状语He returned home,safe and sound.他回到了家,安然无恙。(结果状语)He is standing there,full of fear.他站在那里,充满了恐惧。(伴随状语)续表二、副词的基本用法1.副词的句法功能功能例句状语修饰动词He studies hard.他学习努力。(hard修饰动词studies)修饰形容词He is very smart.他

3、很聪明。(very修饰形容词smart)续表功能例句状语修饰副词He does very well in English.他很擅长英文。(very修饰副词well)修饰句子Happily for him, his stepmother was kind to him. 使他高兴的是,他的继母对他很好。(Happily修饰整个句子)2.频度副词及enough作状语的位置位置例句频度副词常放在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,行为动词之前I have never seen him before. 我以前从未见过他。(never放在助动词have之后)He usually reads books.他经

4、常读书。(usually放在行为动词reads之前)enough放在所修饰的形容词或副词的后面He isnt old enough to join the army.他还不到参军的年龄。(enough修饰形容词old,放在old之后)题组训练用所给词的适当形式填空A career in law is becoming increasingly attractive (attract) to young people.The book provides valuable(value) information on recent trends.Im truly (true) sorry that

5、things had to end like this.We are all entirely (entire) responsible for our actions.There have been some problems but basically (basic) its a good system.考点二形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成规则一、形容词比较级和最高级的构成规则1.规则变化构成原级比较级最高级一般加 -er或 -eststrong强壮的stronger较强壮的 strongest最强壮的以字母e结尾只加 -r或-stlate晚的later较晚的latest最晚的以一个辅音

6、字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写这一辅音字母后再加 -er或-esthot热的thin瘦的hotter更热的thinner较瘦的hottest最热的thinnest最瘦的以“辅音字母+-y”结尾的词,将y变为i,再加 -er,-estangry生气的ugly丑的early早的angrier较生气的uglier较丑的earlier较早的angriest最生气的ugliest最丑的earliest最早的其他双音节词和多音节词,在形容词前加more或mostenthusiastic热情的more enthusiastic更热情的most enthusiastic最热情的注意:词尾为“元音字母+-y”时,

7、y不变,直接加 -er或 -est。有少数几个双音节词以及以 -er及 -le结尾的词,可以有两种比较级和最高级形式。commoncommoner/more commoncommonest/most commonclevercleverer/more clevercleverest/most cleversimplesimpler/more simplesimplest/most simple在形容词原级之前加less,least而构成的比较级与最高级称为“较低级”与“最低级”形式。kindless kindleast kindusefulless usefulleast useful一些复合

8、形容词的比较等级well-knownbetter-knownbest-known有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度,故没有比较级和最高级。如:right正确的,wrong错误的,excellent 最好的,final最后的,last最后的,possible可能的,first第一的,east东方的,empty空的,wooden木制的,impossible不可能的。原级比较级最高级good,well(健康的)betterbestbadworseworstfarfarther(指距离:更远的);further(指距离:更远的,等同于farther;指程度:更深入的)farthest(指

9、距离:最远的);furthest(指距离:最远的,等同于farthest;指程度:最深入的)oldolder(指年龄、新旧:较老的、较旧的;指血缘:年纪较长的,此时等同于elder);elder(指血缘:年纪较长的)oldest(指年龄、新旧:最老的、最旧的;指血缘:最年长的,此时等同于eldest);eldest(指血缘:最年长的)2.不规则变化题组训练用所给词的适当形式填空The more he talked, the angrier(angry) he became.This film is more interesting(interesting) than any other one

10、 that I have ever seen. He was advised to smoke fewer cigarettes and drink less(little) beer.二、副词比较级和最高级的构成规则1.规则变化:与形容词的比较级和最高级的构成规则相同。原级比较级最高级wellbetterbestbadlyworseworstmuchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther(指距离)further(指距离和抽象概念)farthest(指距离)furthest(指距离和抽象概念)2.不规则变化考点三形容词、副词构词法一、构成形容词的常见后缀1.名词+-

11、al/-ualculturecultural文化的agricultureagricultural农业的naturenatural自然的 physics physical物理学的,身体的,物质的 musicmusical音乐的practicepractical实际的,实用的nationnational国家的 techniquetechnical技术的 industryindustrial工业的actactual实际的2.名词+-icelectronelectronic电子的 basebasic基础的atomatomic原子的energyenergetic精力充沛的sciencescientifi

12、c科学的3.名词+-ishfoolfoolish愚蠢的childchildish幼稚的womanwomanish女人气的,娘娘腔的4.名词+-fulcarecareful仔细的powerpowerful强大的teartearful充满泪水的 hopehopeful充满希望的wonderwonderful精彩的,绝妙的harmharmful有害的useuseful有用的frightfrightful可怕的5.名词+-lesscarecareless粗心的hopehopeless无希望的useuseless无用的homehomeless无家可归的wirewireless无线的endendless无

13、休止的selfselfless无私的valuevalueless没有价值的6.名词+-aryrevolutionrevolutionary革命的elementelementary基本的,初级的7.名词+-enwoodwooden木制的goldgolden金色的8.名词+-erneasteastern东方的westwestern西方的9.名词+-ysunsunny晴朗的funfunny有趣的cloudcloudy多云的 shineshiny有光泽的,光亮的windwindy多风的rainrainy多雨的lucklucky幸运的saltsalty咸的hillhilly多小山的healthhealt

14、hy健康的sleepsleepy困的mudmuddy泥泞的wealthwealthy富有的noisenoisy嘈杂的10.名词+-ousdangerdangerous危险的famefamous著名的envyenvious羡慕的;妒忌的nervenervous紧张的poisonpoisonous有毒的mountainmountainous多山的humourhumourous幽默的11.动词+-iveactactive积极的impressimpressive印象深刻的talktalkative健谈的comparecomparative比较的relaterelative有联系的12.动词+-edex

15、citeexcited感到激动的learnlearned有知识的tiretired疲劳的woolwoolen羊毛的surprisesurprised感到奇怪的13.动词+-inginterestinteresting有趣的movemoving动人的14.名词/动词+-able/-iblevaluevaluable有价值的reasonreasonable有道理的comfortcomfortable舒服的countcountable可数的enjoyenjoyable令人愉快的horrorhorrible可怕的terrorterrible可怕的15.名词/动词+-sometroubletrouble

16、some令人烦恼的,讨厌的 tiretiresome烦人的16.名词/动词+-ant/-entpleasepleasant令人高兴的differencedifferent不同的insistinsistent坚持的distancedistant遥远的convenienceconvenient方便的情况构成例词一般情况加-lyquickquickly,bravebravely,immediateimmediately以辅音字母+-y结尾将y改为i再加-lyeasyeasily,happyhappily,heavyheavily,busybusily以-le结尾去e加-ysimplesimply,g

17、entlegently以元音字母+-e结尾去e加-lytruetruly以ll结尾只加-yfullfully,dulldully以ic结尾加-allybasicbasically,scientificscientifically二、形容词+-ly构成副词的规则温馨提示1.注意以下形容词变副词的拼写wholewholly 完全地shyshyly害羞地drydryly/drily干燥地goodwell 好地2.注意以-ly结尾的形容词friendly友好的lovely 可爱的lively充满活力的lonely 孤独的deadly致命的monthly每月的yearly每年的daily每日的weekl

18、y每周的题组训练用所给词的适当形式填空Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be equally(equal) respected. The numbers are particularly(particular) high in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. 常用表达修饰例句(a)few;several;(a good)many;a(great/large/small)number of;dozens/scores/hundreds of可数名词复数Since Ive read

19、quite a few English books, I know a good many words and phrases. 因为我曾阅读过不少英文书,所以我知道很多单词和短语。a bit of;(a)little;a great deal of;a large amount of;(the)least;much不可数名词Everyone needs a bit of encouragement.谁都需要一点儿鼓励。all;a lot of;lots of;enough;plenty of;masses of;a large quantity of;large quantities of可

20、数名词复数或不可数名词Make sure she gets plenty of fresh air.要确保她多呼吸新鲜空气。There are plenty of restaurants nearby. 附近有许多餐馆。many a单数名词Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process. 很多父母都不得不经历这一痛苦的过程。考点四易混形容词、副词的用法1.表示不定数量的常用表达与名词的搭配关系2.ago, before副词用法例句ago从现在算起一段时间以前,常与一般过去时连用I graduated from the

21、college twenty years ago. 20年前我毕业于这所大学。before从过去某一时间算起一段时间以前,常与过去完成时连用She said that she had married him five years before. 她说5年前她嫁给了他。不表示“一段时间以前”,只表示“从前,以前”He asked me whether I had been to the Great Wall before.他问我以前是否去过长城。题组训练用ago, before填空I was asked to make a speech a month ago.I called him up l

22、ast night, but his mother told me he had left for Wuhan two days before.Have you seen this film before?用法例句词义方面possible指客观上的可能性,但往往含有希望很小的意思It is possible,though not probable,that he will come tomorrow.他明天可能来,但也不一定会来。The probable cause of his failure was that he was too tired.他失败的原因很可能是他太累了。He is ve

23、ry likely to ring me tonight.今晚他很可能给我打电话。probable比possible可能性大,表“很可能,大概”,指有实际依据或逻辑上合情合理likely是从外表迹象进行判断,有可能发生某事句型方面It be possible/probable/likely+that从句It be possible(for sb.)to do sth.sb./sth. be likely to do sth. 3.possible,probable,likely题组训练用possible, probable, likely填空Studies show that people a

24、re more likely to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.It is very late. I will come back as soon as possible.It is likely/possible/probable that they will meet with some opposition.4.ever, once副词用法例句ever曾经。一般用于疑问句、否定句、比较结构或带 if 的句子中,常常和完成时连用I dont think

25、 Ive ever been here before.我觉得我以前从未到过这里。If youre ever in Seattle, come and see me.如果你什么时候到了西雅图,就来看我吧。once曾经。用于肯定句中,与一般过去时或完成时连用Sonya and Ida had once been close friends.桑娅和艾达曾经是很要好的朋友。题组训练用ever, once填空Have you ever been to Beijing?I once lived in Beijing.5.late, later, latter, latest, latelylateadv.

26、迟,晚Lately, I got to know that Tom and Jerry are good friends. The former is a doctor, while the latter is an official. They sometimes stay late together to share the latest news with each other. 最近,我才知道汤姆和杰里是好朋友。前者是医生,后者是一位官员。他们有时会在一起待到很晚来分享最新消息。adj.迟到lateradj.后来的;以后的adv.后来latteradj.(两者中)后者的latestad

27、j.最新的,最近的latelyadv.最近,近来题组训练用 latter,later,late,lately,latest填空He is oftenlatefor schoollately, and nobody knows the reason. A monthlater, he handed in thelatter part of his essay. Sara has all thelatest pop records.词语意义适用句型位置例句as well 也肯定句放在句末If he winks at you,you may wink back as well.如果他向你使眼色的话,

28、你也可以使眼色以示回应。also放在句中,大多放在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,或实义动词之前My girlfriend was also called Helen. 我的女朋友也叫海伦。too放在句末或句中Its a more efficient system and its cheaper too. 这个系统更有效,也更便宜。either也不否定句放在句末Mary wont go and Peter wont go either. 玛丽不会去, 彼得也不会去。6.as well, also, too, either题组训练用either,too,also,as well 填空He spe

29、aks English and Spanishas well.Healsospeaks Spanish. He speaks Spanish,too.I dont like the red shirt and I dont like the green oneeither.7.nearly,almost,hardly(1)almost 可以与any,no,nobody,never,nothing搭配,但nearly 却不能跟这些词搭配。在表达中也经常用hardly any,hardly anybody 来代替almost no,almost nobody。Almost nobody came to the party.=Hardly anybody came to the party.几乎没人来参加这个聚会。You can find the meaning of almost any word here.在这里你可以找到几乎任何一个词的意思。(2)否定词not 可放在nearly 之前,构成not nearly