数词专题讲义

1、 专题三数词讲义语法梳理一、数词的定义用以表示数目或顺序的词叫数词。数词可以分为基数词和序数词两种。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词；表示顺序的数词叫序数词。二、基数词的构成12是独立单词，需逐个记忆。1319是在个位数词的词干后加-teen构成。其中thirteen,fifteen,eighteen是不规则变化。2090都是以-ty结尾。如：twenty,thirty,ninety等。21-99是在十位数词后面加上个位数词构成，中间加上连字符-。如：twenty-one,thirty-two,ninety-nine等。3位以上的基数词，在百位和十位之间一般要用连词and。如：1,135读作onet

2、housand,onehundredandthirty-five。英语中没有万和亿，在表示万和亿时要按十进位法来蓬。如：15,678读作fifteenthousand,sixhundredandseventy-eight。1000以上的数字，从后向前数，每三位加，第一个，前为thousand,第二个，前为million,第三个，前为billion,然后每一节按百、十、个的顺序表示。dozen表示十二，一打,score表示二十。ten,score,hundred,thousand,million,billion这些词前面如有表示具体数目的词，就不能力口s和of,反之则须加s和of。如：onehu

3、ndredpeople一百人，hundredsofpeople数百人。与基数词合成的复合定语，其中的名词用单数。如：athree-month-oldbaby三个月大的婴儿，afive-yearplan个五年计划。乘法运算的表示法,单复数均可。如：3*5=15Threemultipliedbyfiveis/arefifteen.三、序数词的构成序数词一般以与之相应的基数词加词尾-th构成，但要注意一些特殊形式。其他序数词的构成：.几十几及以上的序数词,其中十位数或百位数、千位数等用基数词,只有个位数才用序数词。如:128th:onehundredandtwenty-eighth752nd:sev

4、enhundredandfifty-second.hundred,thousand,million的序数词均在基数词后加th构成，即hundredth,thousandth,millionth。四、数词的应用:pvmN口-hemilk匚iinkup.分子用特数词，分处用于故词:柠仆了大f.分店的序数词要用度数形式:pvmN口-hemilk匚iinkup.分子用特数词，分处用于故词:柠仆了大f.分店的序数词要用度数形式.如;13-5E透蚱ihirtrrnpnintfiwrrix.prrvrnl+tif+.Mi司/代同ihirdi2/5读作，附灯琳S用twie/dduhm三倍及棉以上用携数词+tk

5、iK&-：ir右rtimmhimtiuiu5年份用基数国，ri期用序数词.其顺序常用尸：ir右rtimmhimtiuiu5如；之期年月1$曰:IS蹩emhrlSfthh2MM15(4)November,2fH)9；馍作.1卡。ihouvund自nd小川：可用序数时或基数时表小,序数词位千君同前.卜后即上定冠皿拉敬何拉于名丽后.如：LssnnFiite/theJtflhbssun第五课五、倍数表示法.倍数用在形容词原级的第一个as前面。如：Ihavetwiceasmanybooksasyoudo我的书是你的书的两倍。.倍数用在表示度量的名词前。如：Theearthis49timesthesize

6、ofthemoon地球是月球的49倍大大.词或副词的比较级或by+倍数放在比较级后。Thisbuildingistwicehigherthanthatone这个建筑物比那个建筑物高两倍。六、约数表示法.用ten,dozen,score,hundred,thousand,million等数词的复数加of短语来表示几十、几百、上千、上万、几百万等约数的概念。.用lessthan,under,below,orless,almost,nearly,upto。等来表示小于或接近某数目。.用morethan,over,above,beyond,ormore等来表示多于某个数目。.用or,orso,abou

7、t,around,some,moreorless等表示在某一数目左右。.用fromto,betweenand表示介于两个数词之间。如：Iboughtdozensofpencilslastyear.去年我买了几十支铅笔。Howcanyoufinishyourhomeworkinlessthanhalfanhour?你怎么能在半个小时内就完成你的作业呢？Ourschoolhasahistoryofmorethansixtyyears.我们学校有60多年的历史。Thedoctorspentfourorfivehoursperformingtheoperation.那医生花了四五个小时做这个手术。Iw

8、illbebackintwoorthreeweeks.我两到三周后就回来。基础练习：Ithinkthelessonisthemostinterestingoneinthebook.(twelve)Myfatherisnowinhis,butheisstilltakingsomecomputercourses.(fifty)Thereareofpeoplewhoarelosingjobsandtheyarewonderingwhattodo.(thousand)havetried(两次),butIlltry(再一次).Iliveon(第六大街)，butworkfarfromit.Harryhas

9、justfinishedwritingan(八百字)composition.ItissaidthatthegravityontheMarsisonlyabout(三分之一)ofthegravityontheearth.Chinaisalmost(two)thesizeofMexicoinarea.疑难突破疑难点一序数词前加定冠词时表示顺序，意为“第几”。如：Iwasthefirsttocomehere.我是第一个来这儿的人。序数词前加不定冠词时表示“又一，再一”。如：Ihavefailedtwice,butlwanttohaveathird在丫我失败两次了，我想再试一次。疑难点二of+the+

10、基数词表示范围。如：twothirdsoftheten十个中的三分之二。疑难点三表示年代用in+the+数词的复数形式。如：inthe1990s或inthe1990s在20世纪90年代。表示某人的年龄阶段用in+物主代词十数词的复数形式。如：inhis20s在他二十几岁时；inher30s在她三十几岁时。疑难点四“数词十名词十形容词”作定语时，中间要用连字符，而且中间的名词只用单数形式。如：afive-year-oldgirl,一个五岁的女孩；a15-minute-longwalk一段十五分钟的步行路程。疑难点五数词+hundred/thousand/million/billion+名词复数表

11、示具体的数量；如：twothousandstudents;fourhundredgirls等。tens/dozens/scores/hundreds/thousands/millions/billions+of+名词复数表示许多。如：thousandsoftrees;tensofhundredsofhorses等。疑难点六表示时刻时，如果在30分钟以内，用past,如8：15读作fifteenpasteight或aquarterpasteight;如果超过30分钟，则用to,如8：40读作twentytonine。能力提升.单项选择。()1.ofthewarmwateralreadybeenu

12、sedup.Two-third;hasB.Two-third;haveC.Two-thirds;hasD.Two-thirds;have()2.thestudentsintheprimaryschoolisaboutthreethousand,andofthemaregirls.A.Anumberof;twothirdB.Thenumberof;twothirdsC.Anumberof;twothirdsD.Thenumberof;twothird()3.Comeandseemein.Withpleasure.ThatswhatImexpecting.A.twoorthreedays.B.tw

13、oorthreedaystimeC.twoorthreedaystimeD.twoorthreedays()4.Dick,itisthetimeindaysthatyouvemadethesamemistake.A.two;threeB.second;threeC.two;thirdD.second;third()5.Howmanyteachersarethereinyourschool?butImnotsure.A.HundredsB.HundredC.HundredsofD.Onehundred()6.Ittookmetofindoutthekeytothedrawer.A.oneandh

14、alfhoursB.oneandahalfhoursC.oneandahalfhourD.oneandhalfhour()7.Wecanseestarsintheskyatnight.A.tenofthousandofB.tensofthousandofC.tenofthousandsofD.tensofthousandsof()8.Onedayonthemoonis.A.twoearthweeklongB.twoearthweekslongC.twoearthweekslongerD.twoearthweekslength()9.Shewenttothecountryside.A.inthe

15、morningatnineonJunefirst,1968onJunefirst,1968inthemorningatnineatnineinthemorningonJunefirst,1968onJunefirst,1968atnineinthemorning()10.JohnwastogettoschoolandIwasA.first;ninthB.afirst;aninthC.thefirst;theninthD.thesecond;thenineth()11.Tenandfiveis.A.fiveB.fiftyC.fifteenD.two()12.TheOlympicGamesareh

16、eld.A.everyfouryearsB.everyfouryearC.everyfourthyearsD.everyfour-years()13.TomissixandheishissisterJane.HowoldisJane?Three.A.twiceasoldasB.twoyearsolderthanC.threeyearsyoungerthanD.asoldas()14.Heisinourclass.A.thefourthtallestB.fourthtallestC.fourtallestD.thefourtallestII.根据汉语提示，完成英语句子，每空一词。1李老师住在第五

17、层。MissLilivesonfloor.2.3月8号是妇女节。WomensDayison3她花了两个小时的时间做作业。Ittookhertodothehomework.4我母亲今天买了两公斤肉。Mymotherboughttoday.5他买这支笔只花了三元钱。Hepaidonlyforthispen.6星期天我8点50起床。IgetupatonSunday.7。她得了90分，排名第五。Shegotpointsandcame8今天我们做练习七。Wedotoday.9圣诞节在每年的12月25日。Christmasisontheeachyear.10.玛丽出生于5月5日。Marywasbornon

18、疑难突破单项选择。()1.Nearlyoftheearthcoveredbysea.threefourth;isB.threefourths;isC.threefourth;areD.threefourths;are()2.ofthelandinthatdistrictcoveredwithtrees.andgrass.A.Twofifths;isB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifth;isD.Twofifths;are()3.IthinkofthematerialsIlistenedtoatthebeginningoftheexameasy.A.threefourths;isB.t

19、hirdfour;areC.threefourths;areD.threefourth;are()4.DoyouknowtheboyissittingnexttoPeter?Yes.HeisPetersfriend.Theyarecelebratinghisbirthday.A.who;ninthB.that;ninethC./;ninethD.which;ninth()5.Igotagoodpresentonmy.birthday.A.nineB.ninthC.thenineD.theninth()6.Igotabeautifulbikeonbirthday.Ilikeitverymuch.

20、A.fifteenthB.fifteenC.myfifteenD.myfifteenth.()7.Hereweare.Wheredoesyourcousinlive,Tom?Oh,helivesonthefloor.A.twoB.twiceC.secondD.twos()8.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolisaboutnineofthemareboys.A.hundred;TwothirdsB.hundred;TwothirdC.hundreds;TwothirdsD.hundreds;Twothird()9.AlthoughIfailedfourtimes

21、,myfatherencouragedmetohaveatry.A.thirdB.fourthC.fifth()10.HaveyouseentheCCTVnewsonTV?Yes,childrenhadagoodfestivalontheChildrensDay.A.millionsof;sixtyB.tenmillions;sixtiethC.millionsof;sixtieth()11.treeshavebeenplantednearhere,sotheairisveryfresh.A.TwohundredsB.HundredofC.HundredsofD.Hundreds()12.Ab

22、outoftheworkersinthefactorywereborninthe.A.two-thirds;1970B.two-thirds;1970sC.two-third;1970D.two-third;1970s()13.Eachofushastowriteareporteverytwoweeks.A.two-hundred-wordB.two-hundreds-wordC.two-hundreds-wordsD.two-hundred-words()14.Todayismymothersbirthday.Iwillbuyheragift.A.fourteenB.fourteenthC.

23、fortyD.fortieth()15.Thereisawrongwordinline.Where?Intheline.A.two;twoB.two;secondC.second;twoD.second;second()16.Therearesixtystudentsinourclass.And.ofusareboys.Wow!Youhavefortygirls!A.onefourthB.onethirdC.twofifthsD.twothirds()17.Goodnews!Billwonmedalinthelongjumpjustnow.Really?Thatshisoneatourspor

24、tsmeeting.A.a:fourB.an;fourthC.a;fourth()18.Anewstudyprovesawalkeverydayisenoughtokeeppeopleawayfrombecomingfat.A.30-minuteB.30minutesC.30-minutes()19.Morethantwoyearsago,peopleknewlittleabouttheuniverse.A.thousandsB.thousandC.thousandofD.thousandsof()20.Englishisbecomingatouristcity.peoplecomehered

25、uringtheholidayseveryyear.A.ThousandofB.ThousandsofC.FivethousandsofD.Fivethousands()21.FathersDayisonSundayofJune.A.threeB.thirdC.thethird()22.ShanghaihasopeneditsTVchannel(频道)thatsendsprogramsinforeignlanguages.Great!IcanimprovemyEnglishoverit.A.firstB.afirstC.thefirst()23.Themanalsowroteofbeautif

26、ulpiecesofmusicfortheorchestra.A.hundredB.sixhundredC.ahundredD.hundreds()24.Alltheteachersliveonfloor.A.thesecondB.twoC.second()25.Basketballissopopularagameintheworldthatpeopleplayitforfunandexercise.A.millionofB.millionsofC.millionsD.twomillionsof综合训练：()1TherearedaysinayearAthreehundredandsixtyfi

27、veBthreehundredandsixty-fiveCthreehundredsandsixtyfiveDthreehundredsandsixtyfive()2DannylivesinAroom404BRoom404C404roomD404Room()3JimisinAclassone，gradesixBgradeone，classsixCClassOne，GradeSixDGradeOne,ClassSix()4ThebikecostmeyuanAfivehundredfortyBfivehundredsfourtyCfivehundredandfortyDfivehundredfou

28、rty()5MytelephonenumberisAeightyeighttwofortyfourzeronineBeighteighttwodoublefourOnineCeightyeighttwoforty-fourzeronineDeighteighttwofourfourzeronine()6Isthereanyfoodforus?AtenBtenthCthetenthDtheten()7MaryisgirlA.an8yearoldB8-years-oldCthe8yearsoldDan8-year-old()8Whatdayistoday?AJuneBTuesdayCItishot

29、DItsfine()9Whatsthedatetoday?AItsSaturdayBItsJulyCItsfineDItsJuIy15()10Whattimedoyougetupeveryday?AItssevenoclockBSevenoclocktimeCAtsevenDOnseven()11.Mygrandmotherisold.A.seventiethB.seventyyearC.seventyyearsD.seventies()12.peoplevisitthismuseumeveryday.A.HundredB.HundredsC.hundredofD.Hundredsof()13.Therearetwopeopleinthemeetingroom.A.hundredB.hundredsC.hundredsofD.hundredof()14.Wecansaythenumber78,645inEnglishlikethis.A.seventy-eightthousandandsix