英语美文翻译

1、文档编码 : CC6A3M4Q7R8 HE9A10E9H2U2 ZW5D6S7K8R10The Aim of a University Education 高校训练的目的By John Henry Newman 约翰 亨利 纽曼 If then a practical end must be assigned to a University course, I say it is that of training good members of society. Its art is the art of social life, and its end is fitness for the

2、world. It neither confines its views to particular professions on the one hand, nor creates heroes or inspires genius on the other. Works, indeed, of genius fall under no art; heroic minds come under no rule. 高校训练的目的高校训练的目的高校训练的目的 假如确定要赐予高校训练一个切实的 目的, 我的主见是培养社会的好公民；高校训练的艺术就是社会生活的艺术,其目的就是使 人适应这个世界；高校

3、训练一方面既不应把着眼点局限于某些特定的职业上,另一方面也 不应是造就英雄,培养天才；事实上,天才伟业无法人为造就,英雄的思想亦如天马行空；A University is not a birthplace of poets or of immortal authors, of founders of schools, leaders of colonies, or conquerors of nations. It does not promise a generation of Aristotles or Newtons, of Napoleons or Washingtons, of Ra

4、phaels or Shakespeares, though such miracles of nature it has before now contained within its precincts. Nor is it content on the other hand with forming the critic or the experimentalist, the economist or the engineer, though such too it includes within its scope. 高校不是诗人、 不朽作家和学派创立者的产生地,也不是殖民地头领或外族

5、战胜者的培 训所；高校并不承诺要造就一批亚里士多德、牛顿、拿破仓、华盛顿、拉斐尔、莎士比亚式 的巨人,尽管这些大自然的杰作此前曾在高校的院墙中显现过；此外,高校也不应中意于 培养批判家、 试验人员、 经济学家和工程师, 尽管这些人才的培养也在高校训练的范畴之内；But a University training is the great but ordinary means to a great but ordinary end; it aims at raising the intellectual tone of society, at cultivating the public min

6、d, at purifying the national taste, at supplying true principles to popular enthusiasm and fixed aims to popular aspiration, at giving enlargement and sobriety to the ideas of the age, at facilitating the exercise of political power, and refining the intercourse of private life. 高校训练是一条通向宏大而平凡的目标的宏大

7、而平凡的途径；高校训练旨在提高社会的 学问氛围, 培养国民的公心,净化国民的乐趣,为浮躁的公众供应真正的公理,为公众的理想供应确定的目标,扩大时代的思想库并注入冷静的摸索,促进政治权力的行使,提高人际沟通的质量；It is the education that gives a man a clear, conscious view of his won opinions and judgments, a truth in developing them, an eloquence in expressing them, and a force in urging them. It teache

8、s him to see things as they are, to go right to the point, to disentangle a skein of thought, to detect what is sophistical, and to discard what is irrelevant. It prepares him to fill any post with credit, and to master any subject with facility. It shows him how to accommodate himself to others, ho

9、w to throw himself into their state of mind, how to bring before them his own, how to influence them, how to come to an understanding with them, how to bear with them. 高校训练应让人清醒地认知自己的观点和判定,并正确地发挥,雄辩地阐述,有力地 强调；高校训练应教会人们看清事物的真实面目并直接抓住要害,教会人们解开思想的缰结,发觉其中的诡辩之处,舍弃其中的不相关之处；高校训练使人做好预备,牢靠地胜任任 何职位,轻松自如地把握任何科

10、目；高校训练教会人们如何适应他人,如何设身处地为人 着想,如何把自己的想法转达给他人,如何影响他人,如何相互懂得、相互宽容；Of Study 论读书Francis Bacon Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of busines

11、s. 读书足以怡情,足以傅彩,足以长才；其怡情也,最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也,最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也,最见于处世判事之际；For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best form those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use the

12、m too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. 练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节,然纵观统筹,全局策划,就舍好学深思者莫属；读书费时过多易惰,文采藻饰太盛就矫,全凭条文断事乃学究故态；They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants that need proyning by

13、 study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. 读书补自然之不足,体会又补读书之不足,盖天生才能犹如自然花草,读书然后知如何修剪移接,而书中所示,如不以体会范之,就又大而无当；Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them；for they teach not their own use; but that is

14、a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. 有一技之长者鄙读书,无知者羡读书,唯明智之士用读书,然书并不以用处告人,用 书之智不在书中,而在书外,全凭观看得之；Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. 读书时不行有意诘难读者,不行尽信书上所言,亦不行只为寻章摘句,而应推敲细思；Some books ar

15、e to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts ；others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them b

16、y others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books are flashy things. ,like common distilled waters, 书有可浅尝者,有可吞食者,少数就须咀嚼消化；换言之,有只需读其部分者,有只须大体涉猎者,少数就须全读,读时须全神贯注,孜孜不倦；书亦可请人代读,取其所作摘 要,但只限题材较次或价值不高者,否就书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏,淡而无味；Reading maketh a full

17、 man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not. 读书使人充实,争辩使人机警,笔记使人精确；因此不常做笔记者须记忆

18、力特强,不常争辩者须天生聪颖,不常读书者须欺世有术,始能无知而显有知；If I Were a Freshman Again 假如我能再次成为大一同学Thomas Arkle Clark If I were a freshman again I should not work so many hours as I did. I put in enough hours with my books in my hands, but I did not accomplish much. I had little concentration. Many students whom I knew, and

19、 I was one of this sort, spent a great deal of time in getting ready to work. With a book in hand they look out of the window at the clouds or at the pretty girls passing along the street, and all the time they deceive themselves with the idea that they are working. 我手捧书本的时间是够了,假如我能再次成为大一同学,我会少花一些时间

20、在学习上；可是收效却甚微, 由于我有些心不在焉；我知道许多同学我就是其中之一把大量的 时间花在做预备工作上,他们手里拿着一本书,眼睛却看着窗外的白云或者街上走过的漂亮 女孩,而且从头到尾欺诈自己说自己在学习Many an evening, when the work was heavy, I would determine to begin early and get it over with; but I could spend half an hour in arranging my books and getting myself seated in a comfortable chai

21、r. All this time I imagined I was working. I spent as much time in goading myself on to duties that I should have liked to shirk or in getting ready to work as I did in actual labor. If I were a freshman I should plan my work, I should try to develop concentration I should workharder but not so long

22、. 许多个傍晚,只要学习任务很重,我就会下决心早动手早完工,可是我可能会花半个小时整理书本、 坐到一把舒服的椅子上,在整个过程中, 我始终想像自己是在学习；对于我想逃避或者应当预备的工作,我会磨蹭半天, 磨蹭的时间和工作的时间一样多；假如我能再次成为大一同学,我会做事有方案、学习更专心我会更加努力但是少花时间；I should learn to work with people about me. As it was I lived a somewhat isolated life. I did my reading and my studying alone, and though ther

23、e were some advantages in this method, there were serious objections. Now I must often work under different conditions than those by which I was surrounded in college; there is work to be done where there is no quiet, and I do it with difficulty. As I tried on a crowded ocean steamer to put these wa

24、ndering thoughts on paper I was constantly annoyed by the confusion about me and by the spasmodic attempts at conversation made by a well-intentioned but misguided young man at my side. If I had learned to work under different conversations I might have turned the conversation aside as a steep roof

25、sheds the rain. I believe it is a great advantage for a young man to do his work himself, but he should not subject himself to the slavery of doing it alone. 我会学会在四周有人的环境中工作；实际上, 我的生活有些与世隔绝；我一个人看书,一个人学习, 这种方法虽然也有一些优点,却也有着严肃的缺点；现在我经常要在与高校完全不同的环境里工作,手里有活儿要干,四周却不那么安静,结果我就感到很吃力；曾经有一次在一艘拥挤的海船上,我正想把这些纷乱的思

26、绪写下来,却不时受到一些干扰,身边一位出于好心但误入歧路的年轻人有一茬儿没一茬儿地想跟我说话；假如我学会了在不同的对话场合工作, 我可能就防止了和他的谈话,就像陡屋顶让雨水滑落一样；我认为让年轻人自己做事好处不少,但是他不应当一个人死扛；College Pressure By William Zinsser I see four kinds of pressure working on college students today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, and self-induced pressure. I

27、ts easy to look around for bad guys to blame the colleges for charging too much money, the professors for assigning too much work, the parents for pushing their children too far, the students for driving themselves too hard. But there are no bad guys, only victims. 我发觉有四种压力影响着今日的高校生：经济上的压力、父母的压力、同伴的

28、压力,和 自己导致的压力；在身边找罪魁祸首简洁得很：学校要钱太多,教授学业太重,父母施压太 大,同学逼己太甚；但其实身边并没有罪魁祸首,有的只是受害者；Today it is not unusual for a student, even one who works part time at college and full time during the summer, to have accumulated $5,000 in loans after four years loans that the student must start to repay within one year

29、after graduation. Encouraged at the commencement ceremony to go forth into the world, students are already behind as they go forth. How can they not feel under pressure throughout college to prepare for this day of reckoning. Women at Yale are under even more pressure than men to justify their expen

30、sive education to themselves, their parents, and society. For although they leave college superbly equipped to bring fresh leadership to traditionally male jobs, society hasnt yet caught up with this fact. 如今,一个同学,甚至是一个读书时部分时间打工,暑假时做全日工作的同学,在四 年之后背上 5 000 美元债务的情形并不罕见这笔债务同学必需在毕业后一年之内开头偿 仍；在毕业典礼上,他们欢欣

31、鼓励,要踏入社会,然而在踏入社会之际,他们已经落后于人 了；为预备迎接这一结账之日,他们又怎能不在整个高校期间感到处在压力之下呢？耶鲁的 由于她们要向自己、父母和社会证明她们接受如此昂贵的训练是值得 女生比男生压力更大,的；由于虽然她们离开高校时已经具备了出众的才能,完全可以给传统上由男性占统治位置 的工作注入新颖的领导力气,但是社会仍没有熟识到这一事实；Along with economic pressure goes parental pressure. Inevitably, the two are deeply intertwined. I see students taking pr

32、emedical courses with joyless determination. They go off to their labs as if they were going to the dentist. It saddens me because I know them in other corners of their life as cheerful people. 相伴着经济压力而来的是父母的压力；两者不行防止地深深交叉在一起；我看到同学 们闷闷不乐却又一心一意地去念医学预科课程；他们去试验室的那种感觉就好比是要去看牙 医一样；这使我感到哀痛,由于我知道他们在生活的其他方面

33、都是些兴奋奋兴的人；Peer pressure and self-induced pressure are also intertwined, and they begin from the very start of freshman year. I had a freshman student Ill call Linda, one instructor told me, who came in and said she was under terrible pressure because her roommate, Barbara, was much brighter and stud

34、ied all the time. I couldnt tell her that Barbara had come in two hours earlier to say the same thing about Linda. 来自同伴的压力和自我导致的压力也相互交叉着,而且它们从一年级一开头就显现了；” 一位老师告知我, “ 她进来对我说她的压力极大,由于她“ 我有一个一年级的同学叫琳达,的室友芭芭拉比她聪慧得多而且成天在学习；描述过琳达； ”我没法告知她两个小时之前芭芭拉也进来这样The disadvantages of an elite education The first disa

35、dvantage of an elite education, as I learned in my kitchen that day, is that it makes you incapable of talking to people who arent like you. Elite schools pride themselves on their diversity, but that diversity is almost entirely a matter of ethnicity and race. With respect to class, these schools a

36、re largelyindeed increasingly homogeneous. Visit any elite campus in our great nation and you can thrill to the heartwarming spectacle of the children of white businesspeople and professionals studying and playing alongside the children of black, Asian, and Latino businesspeople and professionals. A

37、t the same time, because these schools tend to cultivate liberal attitudes, they leave their students in the paradoxical position of wanting to advocate on behalf of the working class while being unable to hold a simple conversation with anyone in it. Witness the last two Democratic presidential nom

38、inees, Al Gore and John Kerry: one each from Harvard and Yale, both earnest, decent, intelligent men, both utterly incapable of communicating with the larger electorate. 正如我在厨房熟识到的,精英训练的第一个劣势是它让你无法和与你不同的人进行交流；精英高校经常炫耀自己的多元化,但是这种多元化几乎总是限于种族和民族的范畴；说到阶级, 这些学校基本上越来越多地趋同化；假如你到我们宏大国家的任何一所名牌高校看看,就会诧异地发觉白人商贾名流和专业人士的子女和黑人、亚裔、 拉丁裔商贾名流和专业人士的子女一起学习和玩耍的温馨场景；与此同时, 由于这些学校培养自