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1、洪安中学 文正和 原创概说:反意疑问句(Disjunctive Qusetions)是一种常用于口语的疑问句,这种问句由两部 分组成,前一部分是陈述句,后一部分是附加的一简短问句(称为question tag),中间 用逗号隔开,因此反意疑问句又称附加疑问句。结构:陈述句+附加部分(be动词/助动词/情态动词+代词) 主要特点:前肯后否前否后肯反意疑问句附加部分使用代词的一般规则1如果陈述句的主语是代词,用相应代词即可。例: He is your teacher, isnt he?2如果陈述句的主语是名词,则要用相应的代词指代该名词例: Li Lei gets up at six in the

2、 morning, doesn t he?反意疑问句附加部分,代词前面的规则如果陈述句中谓语部分本身有系动词,情态动词或助动词,附加疑问句中用与它相应 的肯定或否定形式即可。例: He is your teacher, isnt he?He doesn t like swimming, does he?Tom has finished his homework, hasn t he?2如果在陈述句中没有系动词,情态动词,助动词就要根据陈述句的时态选择适当的 助动词 例: She went to Shanghai yesterday, didn t she?Li Lei gets up at s

3、ix in the morning, doesn t he?反意疑问句的答语反意疑问句的答语一般由 yes 或 no 引导的简略答语来回答(。要注意时态及代词的呼 应,以及 yes/no 在句中的翻译前肯后否的句子She is your teacher, isn t she? Yes, she is. 是的,她是No, she isn t. 不, 她不是前否后肯的句子She is not your teacher, is she? Yes, she is. 不,她是No, she isn t 对她不是特殊句式的反意疑问句陈述部分的谓语动词是 there be, 附加部分用 be there 形

4、式女口: There is an apple on the table, isn t there?桌子上有个苹果,是吗?There re some trees on the island, aren t there?小岛上有一些树,是吗?2 陈述部分谓语动词为used to时,则附加部分的谓语动词有两种形式女口: He used to live in London, didn t he?He used to live in London, usedn t he?他以前住在伦郭,对吧?3.There be与used to的组合句式女口: There used to be a cinema her

5、e before the war, didn t there?There used to be a cinema here before the war, usedn t there?战争之前,这里有一个电影院,对吗?4祈使句的反意疑问句,除了 Let s引导的祈使句附加部分用shall we夕卜,其它的 都用will you.形式表示请求,用wont you?形式表示委婉请求或邀请 如:Let s go there, shall we?我们去那里,好吗?(注:在口语中,也可以用all right或ok代替shall we)Let us go there, will you?我们去那里,好吗?

6、(也可用won t you)Give me a hand, will you?帮帮我,好吗?(也可用 won t you)Please open the door, will you?请把门打开,好吗?(也可用 won t you)Let me have a try,will you? (let me 开头也可以用 shall I )(也可用 won tyou)(注:陈述部分为否定祈使句时,问句部分只用will you?形式。)如:Dont make any noise, will you?不要发出燥音,好吗?Don t forget it, will you?别忘了,好吗?5陈述部分的主语是

7、指示代词this,that时,附加部分用it,谓语用单数助动词形式 女如:This is very important, isn t it?这是非常重要的,是吗?6陈述部分的主语是指示代词these, those时,附加部分主语用they,谓语用复数女口: Those are cups, aren t they?那些是茶杯,是吗?7陈述部分有hardly,seldom,rarely,no,nothing,never,little,few,nobody,nowhere barely,neither, too-to 等表示否定意义的词时,附加部分用肯定式 女口:You will never for

8、get it, will you?你永远不会忘记这件事,是吗?There is nothing on the table, is there?桌子上什么也没有,是吗?There is little water in the bottle, is there?瓶子里几乎没有水,对吗?8陈述部分的主语是动名词,动词不定式或从句时,附加部分主语用it,谓语用单数(动名词作主语)(动名词作主语)动词不定式作主语)从句作主语)如:Walking is good for your helth, isn t it(动名词作主语)(动名词作主语)动词不定式作主语)从句作主语)Keeping fingernai

9、ls long is bad, isn t it?To learn English well isn t easy, is it?What you said is wrong, isn t it?9陈述部分的主语是不定代词时如果是表示物的everything,anything,something,nothing时,附加部分主 语用 it, 谓语动词用单数形式女口: Nothing is serious, is it? 没什么严重的,是吗?如果是表示人的 everybody,everyone,somebody,someone,anybody,anyone, Nobody 时,附加部分用 he 或

10、者用 they 都可以, 谓语动词用相应的单数或复 数形式女口: No one was hurt, was he? (were they)没有人受伤,是吗?Everyone knows his job, doesn t he? (do they) 每个人都了解他的工作,是吗?陈述部分有 need 或 dare 时若 need 和 dare 为实义动词,附加部分的谓语部分用 do 的适当形式(即: do/does/did)女口: We need to do it, don t we?They needed to come earlier, didn t they?She didn t need

11、to come earlier, did she?He needs some fruit, doesn t he?(注:在need to do sth.和need sth.结构中need为实义动词) You dare to do it, don t you?(注:在dare to do sth.结构中,dare为实义动词)若need和dare为情态动词时,附加部分分别用need或dare构成 如: They needn t go there, need you?他们不必去那儿,对吗?You daren t go there, dare you? 你不敢去那里,是吗?(注:在 needn tdo

12、sth./needdosth. 和 daren t do sth. /dare do sth.结构中,need和dare是情态动词)复合句的反意疑问句 复合句的反意疑问句一般是根据主句的主语和谓语形式来确定附加部分 女口: He said that we were happy, didn t he?当复合句的主句是:主语+ think (expect/suppose/believe/suspect/imagine)+ 从句时(guess/feel/hear/say/am afraid/be sure)附加部分的确定如下: 情况一,主句的主语是第一人称,要根据从句而定 女口: I think s

13、he is a good nurse, isnt she?I suppose he is serious , isnt he?We dont think they are wrong, are they? 情况二,当主句的主语是第二,三人称时,根据主句而定 女口: You think she is a good teacher, dont you?He dosent think I work hard, dose he?含有had better的句子,附加部分用had/hadnt+主语女口: Youd better not stay here, had you? You had better

14、see a doctor, hadnt you?陈述部分有would rather时,附加部分用wouldnt+代词女口: They would rather take this one, wouldnt they?陈述部分是I am-结构时,附加部分用arent I如: Im right, arent I?我是正确的,对吗?Im late, arent I?我迟到了,是吗?陈述部分的谓语动词是wish,表示征求意见时,附加部分用may女口: I wish to go home now, may I ?我想现在就回家可以吗?I wish to have another piece of cak

15、e, may I ?我想再要一块蛋糕,可以吗?16.陈述部分谓语动词是 ought to 时,附加部分谓语动词通常用 ought/ oughtnt 也可 以用 should/shouldnt女口: Such things ought not to be allowed, ought they?这样的事情是不被允许的,是吗?He ought to be punished, oughtnt he?他应该受到惩罚,是吗?You ought to go by ship, shouldn t you?(注:在正式文体中,用ought +代词+not形式)如: we ought to go, ought

16、we not? 我们应该去,是吗?(此句也可以这样 we ought to go , should we not?)17.陈述部分以不定代词one作主语时,附加部分,在正式场合用one,在非正式场合 用 you女口: One cant be too careful, can one?One cant be too careful, can you?最认真不过如此了,是吗?18.含有情态动词 must 的句子若陈述部分强调对现在情况的推测,附加部分用arent/isnt +主语女口: You must be tired, arent you?你一定很累了吧,对吗?若陈述部分的谓语动词是“must

17、+have +过去分词”时,强调对过去情况的推测(一般有过去时间状语)附加部分的谓语动词用didn t +主语 女口: He must have met her yesterday afternoon, didn t he?他想必是昨天下午见过她了,是吗?若陈述部分强调动作的完成,附加部分的谓语动词用“haven t/hasn t + 主语女口: You must have seen the film, haven t you?你想必是看过这部电影,是吗?若陈述部分的 must 表示“有必要时”,附加部分用 needn t 女口: You must go home right now, nee

18、dn t you?你有必要马上回家,是吗?若陈述部分的 mustn t 表示禁止的,附加部分一般用 may 女口: You mustn t walk on grass, may you?不许在草地上走,知道吗?对以上点的补充:陈述部分用must(may, might) + have + V-ed表示推测时,若句中带有明显的过去时间 的状语,问句部分动词用过去时形式。如:He might have forgotten his pen in the classroom yesterday, didnt he?(不用 mightnt he?/ hasnt he?)You must have got

19、up late this morning, didnt you?(不用 mustnt you?/havent you?) 陈述部分用must(may, might) + have + V-ed表示推测时,若句中没有带明显的过去时 间的状语,问句部分动词用现在完成时形式。如:Everyone must have known the death of the waitress, havent they? (不用 mustnt they?)You must have worked there a year ago, didnt you?(不用 mustnt you?/ havent you?)在个别

20、情况下,前后两部分可以都是肯定或都是否定,这时具有特殊含义(这种 较少见)女口: You sold that lovely bracelet, did you?你卖掉了那漂亮的手镯,是吗?(表遗憾的感情)感叹句后的反意疑问句,动词用be的现在时态,主语根据具体内容而定。女口: What a clever girl, isn t she?(此句省略了感叹句的陈述部分she is) (完整句子 What a celever girl she is, isn t she? ) How beautiful the flowers are, aren t they?21-反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由un-

21、, im-, in-, dis-,等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时,陈述部分要视为肯定含义,问句部分用否定形式。女口:Your father is unhappy, isnt he?(不能用 is he?)The man is dishonest, isnt he?(不能用 is he?)It is impossible to learn English without remembering more words, isnt it?(不能用 is it ?)It is unfar, isnt it?这不公平,是吧?陈述部分为Here/there + be +主语时,问句部分用助动词+ (here/there)?形式。如:H

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