自考英美文学选读要点总结整理出考点26位作家完整

1、自考英美文学选读要点总结整理出考点26位作家完整资料仅供参考英美文学选读要点总结精心整理（只考26位作家）英国Chapterl The Renaissance period（14世纪至十七世纪中叶）文艺复兴Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主 义是文艺复兴的核心。the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things. 人文主义 作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人” 为中心，

2、人是万物之灵。Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore,

3、and enjoy .人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充 分的论据，来赞美人性，并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命， 人能够不断发展完善自己，而且世界是属于她们的，供她们 怀疑，探索以及享受。Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.托马斯.摩尔，克利斯朵夫.马洛和威廉.莎士比亚是 英国人文主义的代表。Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England .怀亚特将彼特拉

4、克的十四行诗引进英国。The first period of the English Renaissance was one资料仅供参考.of imitation and assimilation.英国文艺复兴初期只是一个学 习模仿与同化的阶段。The goals of humanistic poetry are: skillful handling of conventions, force of language, and, above all, the development of a rhetorical plan in which meter, rhyme, scheme, imag

5、ery and argument should all be combined to frame the emotional theme and throw it into high relief.人文 主义诗歌的主要目标是对传统习俗的熟练运用，语言的力度 与气概，而最重要的是发展了修辞模式，即将格律，韵脚（式） 组织结构，意象（比喻，描述）与议论都结合起来勾画出情 感主题，并将其极为鲜明生动的表现出来。The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespea

6、re, and Ben Jonson.文艺复兴时期英国最著名的戏剧家有克利斯 朵夫.马洛，威廉.莎士比亚与本.约翰逊。Francis Bacon （1561-1626）, the first important English essayist.费兰西斯.培根是英国历史上最重要的散文 家。(III)William Shakespeare 威廉.莎士比亚The first period of his dramatic career, he wrote five history plays: Henry VI, Parts I, II, and III, Richard III, and Titu

7、s Andronicus; and four comedies: The Comedy of Errors, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, The Taming of the Shrew, and Loves Labours I在她戏剧创作生涯的第一个阶段，她创作了五部历史剧：亨莉六参考，理查三世，泰托斯. 安东尼以及四部喜剧：错误的戏剧，维洛那二绅士， 驯悍记和爱的徒劳。In the second period, he wrote five histories: Richard II, King John, Henry IV, Parts I and II, an

8、d Henry V; six comedies: A Midsummer Nights Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It, Twelfth Night, and The Merry Wives of Windsor; and two tragedies: Romeo and Juliet and Julius Caesar在第二阶段，她写了五部 历史剧：理查三世，约翰王，亨利四世，亨利五世 以及六部喜剧仲夏夜之梦，威尼斯商人，无事生非，III皆大欢喜，第十二夜，温莎的风流娘儿们，还有两部

9、悲剧：罗密欧与朱丽叶和裘利斯.凯撒。IIIShakespeares third period includes his greatest tragedies and his so-called dark comedies. The tragedies of this period are Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra, Troilus and Cressida, and Coriolanus. The two comedies are Alls Well That Ends and Measure for M

10、easure.第三阶段诞生了莎翁最伟大的悲剧和她自称的黑色喜剧（或 悲喜剧），悲剧有：哈姆雷特，奥赛罗，李尔王麦克 白安东尼与克利奥佩特拉特罗伊勒斯与克利西达及 克里奥拉那斯。两部喜剧是终成眷属和一报还一报。The last period of Shakespeares work includes his principle romantic tragicomedies: Pericles, Cymbeline, The资料仅供参考Winters Tale and The Tempest; and his two plays: Henry，后一个时期的作品主要VIII and The Two

11、Noble Kinsmen.，后一个时期的作品主要有浪漫悲喜剧：伯里克利辛白林冬天的故事与暴 风雨。她最后两部剧是亨利八世与鲁克里斯受辱记Shakespeares sonnets are the only direct expression of the poets own feelings.这些十四行诗都是莎翁直抒胸臆的成 果。Shakespeares history plays ar e mainly written under the principle that national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessit

12、y.莎翁的历史剧都有这样一个主题：在一个强大英明的君主统领下的国家，统一是非常必要的。In his romantic comedies, Shakespeare takes an optimistic attitude toward love and youth, and the romantic elements are brought into full play.在她的浪漫喜剧中，莎士 比亚以乐观的态度对待爱情与青春，并将浪漫色彩渲染到极 致。The successful romantic tragedy is Romeo and Juliet, which eulogizes the

13、faithfulness of love and the spirit of pursuing happiness .莎翁在其成功的浪漫主义悲剧罗密欧与朱丽叶，颂扬了对爱的忠贞及对幸福的追求。Shakespeares greatest tragedies are: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. They have some characteristics in common. Each portrays some noble hero.莎士比亚的四大悲剧是：哈姆雷特奥赛罗李尔王麦克白资料仅供参考“The Kings government mu

14、st be carried on”一but carried on for the good of the nation, not for the pleasure of the king.“国王的统治一定要万古不变”-可是这种流传百世 万古不变的统治是有利于国家利益的，而不是只为国王自己 服务。Thus, he finds no way to solve the social problems. In the end, the only thing he can do as a humanist is to escape from the reality to seek comfort in

15、his dream.正因如此，她才无力 寻求到医治各种社会痼疾的灵丹妙药，最后，她作为人文主 义所能做的唯一事情便是逃避现实，从梦幻中找安慰。He holds that literature should be a combination of beauty, kindness and truth, and should reflect nature and reality.她认为文学应该是真善美的结合，应该反映天性与现 实。Shakespeare is above all writers in the past and in the present time.古往今来，没有一个作家能与莎士比

16、亚媲美，她 对后世文学家的潜移默化也是无可估量的。Almost all English writers after him have been influenced by him either in artistic point of view, in literary form or in language .在她之后几乎所有的英国文学家都在艺术观点，文 学形式及语言技巧方面受到她的影响。Sonnet 18 is one of the most beautiful sonnets written by Shakespeare.十四行诗第十八首诗莎翁最出众的十四行诗。资料仅供参考(VI)Joh

17、n Milton约翰.弥尔顿he was entirely occupied with the thoughts of fighting for human freedom.她头脑中充满了为人类自由而战的思想。Miltons literary achievements ca n be divided into three groups: the early poetic works, the middle prose pamphlets and the great poem.弥尔顿的文学作品可分为三类：早期诗作，中期的散文小册子和后期的伟大诗作。Milton wrote his three m

18、ajor poetical works: Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained, and Samson Agonistes.她的三部伟 大诗作：失乐园复乐园和力士参孙。The theme of Paradise Lost is the“Fall of Man”. In the fall of man Adam discovered his full humanity.失乐园的主题 是人类的沉沦。在沉沦之中，亚当发现了自己身上的人性。Milton held that God created all things out of Himself, including evil.她认为上帝是按照她自己的样子造出的世界， 其中也包括罪恶。It opens the way for the voluntar