解剖学 双语1课件

1、Joints of limbs附肢骨连接山东大学医学院 解剖教研室李振华Joints of upper limb 上肢骨的连接Joints of should girdle 上肢带骨的连接Sternoclavicular joint 胸锁关节Bones: sternal end of clavicle, clavicular notch of sternum, and first costal cartilage Articular capsule: strong and is reinforced by anterior and posterior sternoclavicular liga

2、mentsArticular disc: attached to the capsule, dividing the joint into two cavities.Movements: elevation and depression, forward and backward, rotation and circumduction of the acromial end of the clavicle Joints of should girdle上肢带骨的连接Acromioclavicular joint 肩锁关节Bones: acromion and acromial end of c

3、lavicleMovement: rotation of scapula on clavicleCoracoacromial arch 喙肩弓Compositioncoracoacromial ligament 喙肩韧带coranoid processAcromionPrevents the shoulder joint from superior dislocation Coranoid processAcromion Coracoacromial ligamentJoints of free upper limb自由上肢骨的连接Shoulder joint 肩关节Tendon of lon

4、g head of biceps brachiiShoulder joint 肩关节Accessory structuresGlenoid labrum 盂唇: fibrocartilaginous ring on periphery of glenoid cavityCoracohumeral ligament 喙肱韧带: runs from coracoid process to greater tubercleMovements: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, medial and lateral rotation, circumdu

5、ction dislocationDislocation of Shoulder joint Elbow joint 肘关节Bones: lower end of humerus, upper ends of radius and ulnaHumeroulnar joint 肱尺关节: formed by trochlear of humerus and troclear noch (hinge) Humeroradial joint 肱桡关节: formed by capitulum of humerus and head of radius (ball and socket)Proxima

6、l radioulnar joint 桡尺近侧关节: formed by articular circumference of radius and radial notch of ulnaCapsule: thin and lax anteriorly and posteriorly, strongly thickened on either side by collateral ligamentsDislocationof elbow joint Anteroposterior (A) and lateral (B) radiographs of an adult elbow joint.

7、 The joint is semiflexed in B.Joints between radius and ulna Proximal radioulnar joint 桡尺近侧关节Interosseous membrane of forearm前臂骨间膜: a fibrous membrane between the shaft of radius and ulnaDistal radioulnar joint 桡尺远侧关节 formed by head of ulna, ulnar notch of radius and an articular disc Joints of hand

8、 Radiocarpal joint 桡腕关节 (ellipsoid)BonesCarpal articular surface of radius and articular disc below the ulnaProximal row of carpal: scaphoid, lunate, and triquetral bones, but not pisiformCapsule: lax and strengthened by surrounding ligamentMovements: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and ci

9、rcumductionJoints of handIntercarpal joints 腕骨间关节Carpometacarpal joints 腕掌关节Carpometacarpal joint of thumb 拇指腕掌关节Bones: trapezium and base of first metacarpalMovement: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and oppositionIntermetacarpal joints 掌骨间关节Metacarpophalangeal joints 掌指关节Interphalangeal j

10、oints 指间关节 Joints of handIntermetacarpal joints 腕骨间关节Metacarpophalangeal joints 掌指关节Interphalangeal joints 指间关节 Joints of Lower limb下肢骨的连接Joints of pelvic girdle下肢带连接Sacroiliac joint 骶髂关节Bones: auricular surface of sacrum and iliumCapsule: very tight and strengthened by ligamentsForamina of the glut

11、eal regionGreater sciatic foramen Formed by the greater sciatic notch of the hip bone and the sacrospinous ligament. It provides an exit from the pelvis into the gluteal region. Lesser sciatic foramen Formed by the lesser sciatic notch of the ischium and the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments.

12、 It provides an entrance into the perineum from the gluteal regionJoints of pelvic girdle下肢带连接 Pubic symphysis 耻骨联合Articulation: symphysial surface and interpubic disc (fibrocartilage)Ligaments: superior pubic ligament and arcuate pubic ligamentObturator membrane 闭孔膜 Obturator canal 闭膜管Bony pelvis骨盆

13、Lesser pelvis 小骨盆pelvic inlet 骨盆上口(terminal line): Pelvic outlet 骨盆下口: formed by tip of coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament, ischial tuberosity, ramus of ischium, inferior ramus of pubic, symphysisPelvic cavity 骨盆腔Pubic arch 耻骨弓subpubic angle 耻骨下角Main difference between male and femal pelvisFemale MaleOv

14、erall Wide and short Narrow and longIliac alaMore horizontalMore verticalInlet RoundOval or heart shapedOutlet LargerSmall Pelvic cavityShallower, wideDeep narrowSubpubic angleRight angle (901000)Acute angle (70750)Main difference between male and femal pelvisFemaleMale Pelvic inlet Pelvic outetPelv

15、ic cavityPubic arch90100070750 Main difference between male and femal pelvis Anteroposterior radiograph of adult female pelvis.Joints of free lower limb自由下肢骨连接 Hip joint 髋关节Bones: acetabulum and femoral headArticular capsule attachmentsAbove: margins of acetabulum and transverse acetebular ligament

16、Below: in front to intertrochanteric line; behind, to the neck of femur above 1 cm above the intertrochanteric crest Hip joint 髋关节Accessory structures Acetabulum labrum 髋臼唇; transverse acetebular ligament 髋臼横韧带LigamentsIliofemoral lig. 髂股韧带Ligament of head of femur 股骨头韧带Pubofemoral lig. 耻股韧带Ischiofe

17、moral ligament 坐股韧带Zona orbicularis 轮匝带 Movement: flexion, extention, adduction, abduction, medial and lateral rotation, circumductionAcetabulum labrumTransverse acetebular lig.Ligament of head of femur Hip joint 髋关节Ischiofemoral lig.Zona orbicularisIliofemoral lig.Pubofemoral lig.Head of femur is d

18、riven posteriorly, out of acetabulumPoterior dislocation of the hip boneKnee joint 膝关节Bones: lower end of femurupper end of tibia patellaArticular capsule: Superapatellar bursa 髌上囊Deep infrapatellar bursa 髌下深囊 Ala folds 翼状襞Knee joint 膝关节Accessory structuresligamentsPatellar lig. 髌韧带Fibular collatera

19、l lig. 腓侧副韧带Tibial collateral lig. 胫侧副韧带Anterior cruciate ligment 前交叉韧带Posterior cruciate ligament 后交叉韧带Oblique popliteal ligament 腘斜韧带Meniscus 半月板 Medial meniscus 内侧半月板 (C-shaped)lateral meniscus 外侧半月板 (O-shaped)Knee joint 膝关节Oblique popliteal lig.Anterior cruciate lig.Posterior cruciate lig.Fibula

20、r collateral lig.Tibial collateral lig.Knee joint 膝关节Movements: flexion and extension; flexed knee joint may be passively rotated through 700 lateralMedialHip jointKnee jointRadiograph Coronal T1-weighted magnetic resonance image (MRI) of the knee in an adult male. Tibiofibular syndesmosis胫腓连结Tibiof

21、ibular joint 胫腓关节Crural interosseous membrane 小腿骨间膜Anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments 胫腓前、后韧带Joint of foot 足关节Talocrural joint 距小腿关节 (ankle joint 踝关节) Bones: lower ends of tibia and fibula, trochlea of talusArticular capsule: thin and lax in front and behind, and supported on each side by

22、 strong collateral ligamentsLigmentsMedial lig. 内侧韧带Lateral lig. 外侧韧带Anterior talofibular lig. 距腓前韧带Calcaneofibular lig. 跟腓韧带Posterior talofibular lig. 距腓后韧带 Joint of foot 足关节Medial lig.Calcaneofibular lig.Anterior talofibular lig.Posterior talofibular lig.Joint of foot 足关节Talocrural joint 距小腿关节Move

23、ments: dorsiflexion (extension) plantar flexion (flexion); when the ankle joint is fully plantar flexed, small amounts of abduction, and adduction are possibleTorn fibers of anterior talofibular lig.Joint of foot 足关节Intertarsal joints跗骨间关节Talocalcaneal joint 距跟关节Talocalcaneonavicular joint距跟舟关节Calcaneocuboid