意义的22种定义

1、意义的22种定义by Ogden and Richards语言学概论，李福印，北京大学出版社，2006, P57-60意义的22种定义汉语翻译意义理论意义的七种类型A所指物1. an intrinsic property内在性质指称说概念意义2 a unique unanalysable relation to other things与其他事物独特而不可分析的关系验证说概念意义B符号3. the other words annexed to a word in the dictionary词典中附属在一个词之后的其他词“语义场理论” 及“框架语义 学，系统意义(？)4. the connot

2、ation of a word词的内涵意念说内涵意义5. an essence本质意念说内涵意义6. an activity projected into an object投射到客观物体中的活 动隐喻意义理论(?)隐喻意义7. a. an event intended期望的事件用法说说话者的语用意 义b. a volition意志用法说说话者的语用意 义8. the place of anything in a system事物在任何一个系统中 的位置结构主义的语 义说系统意义9.thepracticalconsequences of a thing in our future experi

3、ence事物在我们未来经历中 的实际结果真值条件说10. the theoretical consequences involved in or implied by a statement陈述所包含或暗示的理论结果用法说会话隐含11. emotion aroused by anything任何事物引起的情感行为反应说情感意义C使用者12. that which is actually related to a sign by a chosen relation和被挑选出来的一种关 系实际相关的符号真值条件说概念意义13. a. the mnemic effects ofastimulus.A

4、ssociations acquired刺激的记忆效果。所获得 的联想行为反应说用法说反映意义b. some other occurrence to which the mnemic effects of any occurrenceareappropriate对任何出现的事物的记 忆效果都合适的某种其 他事物c. that which a sign is interpreted as being of符号被解释成属于它的 事物d. what anything suggests任何使人产生联想的事 物In the case of symbols That to which the user o

5、f a symbol actually refers就符号来说符号的使用者实际上指 的事物14. that to which the user of a symbol ought to be referring符号的使用者应该指的 事物指称说用法说说话意义；语用意 义15. that to which the user of a symbol believes himself to be referring符号的使用者认为自己在指的事物16. that to which the interpreter of a symbol符号的解释者a. refers所指的事物b. believes him

6、self to be referring认为自己在指的事物c. believes the user to be referring自己使用者在指的事物In the case of symbols就符号来说1. that to which the user of a symbol actually refers符号的使用者实 际上指的事物2. that to which the user of a symbol ought to be referring符号的使用者应 该指的事物3. that to which the user of a symbol believes himself to b

7、e符号的使用者认 为自己在指的事 物referringthat to which the interpreter of a symbol符号的解释者a. refers所指的事物b. believes himself to认为自己在指的be referring事物c. believes the user to自己使用者在指be referring的事物意义的七种类型By Leech语言学概论，李福印，北京大学出版社，2006, P601. conceptual meaning or sense概念意义associative meaning联想意义2. connotative meaning内涵意

8、义3. social meaning社会意义4. affective meaning情感意义5. reflected meaning反映意义6. collocative meaning搭配意义7. thematic meaning主题意义意义理论By Lyons语言学概论，李福印，北京大学出版社，2006, P56the referential theory 指称说意义是语言表达所指的事物。the identical, or mentalistic theory 意念说意义是理解某语言表达的人在头脑中产生的和该表达相干的想法或概念。the behaviorist theory 彳亍为反应说意义是某话语产生的刺激，或对某话语的反应，或者是刺激和反应的结合。the meaning-is-use theory 用法说