初中英语专项训练【语法填空】

1、什么是语法填空？ 语法填空一篇文章10个空，每空1分。其中，有些空有提示词的，相当于用所给词的正确形式填空；其他空是没有提示词的，需要我们填入连词，代词，介词，冠词等虚词。 在做语法填空题时，不仅应通篇考虑，掌握文章的内容和主题，而且还应合理地运用已学的语法知识（词义、词性、词语搭配、句子时态和语态、固定句型以及相关文化背景知识）得出正确结论，可以用一种“由大到小”的思路去思考答案，也就是说，可以从“篇章、句子、词汇”三个层面去考虑。语法填空题型概述英语有十大词性你知道几种？词性的定义：英语单词根据其在句子中的功用,可以分成十个大类首先同学们想一下语法填空中我们填入的单词有什么特点是不是有各种

2、词性名词动词形容词副词连词冠词感叹词代词数词介词虚词实词名词(表示人或物名称的词) 名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词 . 专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing， China, the United States,等。 普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。(普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词)普通名词又可分为下面四类： 个体名词、集体名词、物质名词、 抽象名词考点：1.可数和不可数名词 2.可数名词的单复数 3.名词的所有格代词(代替名词的词)代词可以分为下列九类：1. 人称代词： They are my school mates

3、. 2. 物主代词： Our friends have great concern for each other. 3. 反身代词： Take good care of yourselves. 4. 相互代词：We should help each other. 5. 指示代词： Who are these people? 6. 疑问代词：What are you doing? 7. 关系代词：She married Tony Harper, who is a student too. 8. 连接代词：Do you know who did it? 9. 不定代词：Do you know an

4、ything about it? 形容词 (修饰名词等，说明事物或人的性质或特征的词) 形容词可分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 1) 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot ,good ,wonderful等. 2) 叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid, alone等 . 副词(主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句子) 说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。时间副词: soon

5、, then, today, tomorrow, afterwards , now, 地点副词: here, there程度副词: very, quite, rather方式副词: beautifully, reluctantly, well频度副词: often , frequently, always形容词和副词的考点：比较级和最高级构成法原级比较级最高级 单音节词 一般单音节词尾加-er，-estall tallertallest 以不发音的e结尾的单音词，只加-r，-stlargelargerlargest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音词，双写结尾的辅音字母再加-er，-estbigb

6、iggerbiggest双音节词以辅音字母+ y结尾的双音节词，改y为i再加-er，-esteasyeasiereasiest多音节词 在前面加more, most来构成比较级和最高级importantmore importantmost important动词动词就是表示动作或者是状态的词。例如：run；work；sleep，等 动词的分类根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为行为动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词四类，有些动词是兼类词。动词考点：1.动词的语态2.动词的时态3.动词的固定搭配一般现在时的时候注意动词的单三形式数词 (表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词，数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少

7、的数词叫基数词；表示顺序的数词叫序数词。)一、基数词 基数词写法和读法二、序数词 序数词的缩写形式：first1st second2nd thirty-first31st三、数词的用法 1）倍数表示法 2）分数表示法介 词 (介词是什么?)按结构英语介词可分为3类： 1简单介词（约有70个），如：in，at，on，by，with，down，for，beside，along，across等。 2分词介词（约15个）如：during，following，considering，regarding，judging，talking等。 3 成语介词 （约有500个）如：out of，apart fro

8、m，because of，by means of等。按意义英语介词可分为3类： 1. 时间介词， 如：at, on, in, during, over, from, for, until等。 2. 地点介词, 如：at, on, in, across, to, over, between, inside, 3. 其它介词，如：by, with, about, except, instead of, due to, 英语介词不可单独使用，后面必须跟名词,动名词或句子构成介宾结构等. 连词(是一种虚词， 它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。)连词主要可分为两类：并列

9、连词和从属连词。 1. 并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。如：and, but, or, nor, so, as well as, bothand, not onlybut also, eitheror, neithernor, (and) then等等。 2. 从属连词经常引导一个从句, 如: when ,where, because, if , as, 等语法填空解题步骤01快速浏览，了解大意。对于简单有把握的空，可以先填出来02上下求索，填出答案。根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系，填出正确的词以及正确的形式03通读全文，检查确认。特别要注意，根据文章意思，有些空是否要加入否定前缀有提示

10、词这类题和咱们以前用所给词的正确形式填空做题方法基本一致，首先需要我们根据上下文，分析句子成分，确定空格所需要的词性，再根据前后文确定词形。1. 如果要填入动词，我们需要判断到底是谓语动词和非谓语动词。如果缺谓语动词，就要考虑到时态和语态的变化。若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，那么我们应该填入非谓语动词，这时我们需要确定到底是to do, doing还是done的形式。She _(put) onhercoatandwentout.The boy _ (make) a model plane now.In this city, the streets _ (clean) every 4 h

11、ours.There_(be)ameetingnextMonday.Imsorrytokeepyou _(wait)foralongtime.Illgivethebooktohimassoonashe _(come) back.putis makingis cleanedwill bewaitingcomes2. 如果需要填入名词，我们则需要判断是否有单复数的变化。Lotsof_(foreign)cometovisittheoldtowneveryyear.Theyarehavingapartyforhis_(seven)birthday.YaoMingisoneofthemostpopula

12、rbasketball_(play)aroundtheworld.Ifoundsomethingimportantin_(today)newspaper.Thereare_(hundred)ofpeopledancingatthesquareaftersupper.foreignersseventhplayerstodayshundreds3. 如果需要填入形容词、副词。首先，我们要确认到底是填形容词还是副词。形容词一般用来修饰名词，代词，或作表语;副词一般用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句子。其次，我们还要考虑是否需要变成比较级或最高级。Themoreyoueat,_(fat)youwill

13、become.Heworksinthe_(big)computercompanyintheworld.Shelooks_(worry).Whatsthematter?Thestudentsaremakingmodelplanes_(careful). the fatterbiggestworriedcarefully无提示词无提示词的空格一般需要填入冠词，代词，介词，连词(并列连词和从属连词)等虚词。1. 名词前面一般用冠词，代词或介词等。A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear w

14、ater. _ water was sweet.MoYan won the Nobel Prize for _ great works.Besides,shopping at this time of the year was not _ pleasant experience. - Would you like some coffee, please? - Yes, and please get me some sugar. I prefer coffee _ sugar. Thehisawith2. 缺主语或宾语，一般填代词。Here are two bags. The blue _ is

15、 mine.Suddenly the wall moved-_ was made of trees.New technologies have made _ possible to turn out new products faster.oneitit3. 并列的两个或多个单词，短语，或句子之间设空，一般填入并列连词and, but, or等。There are some books, a computer _ two pens on the desk. He was very tired from doing this for a whole day, _ he felt very hap

16、py.Which do you prefer, folk music _ pop music?andbutor4. 两句之间，如果不是并列句，则很可能是主从句，因此需要填入从属连词(what,which, who, how, when等)。比如宾语从句，定语从句或者是状语从句的连接词。这种空格需要同学们根据句子结构，分析到底是什么从句，从而选择合适的从属连词。I like the teacher _ can dance to music.People will do something _ makes you angry .I want to know _ you will go to Bei

17、jing or not next week?whothatwhether一起做IfeltupsetwhenI1_(tell)thatIwouldhavetoleavethecompany.Inordertofind2_newjobtosupportthefamily,Ireadalmostallthenewspapers3_setdownalmostallthetelephonenumbersinads4_mynotebookandtriedtocallalmostallthecompaniesthatneedednewclerks.Notuntil5_(find)ajobinasmallto

18、wnnearTownsvilledidIcalmdown.Mynewboss,Mr.Brown,wasoneofmyschoolmates6_Iwasgettingalongwellwithatschool.Bothofuswere7_(excite)toseeeachotherandwespentthewholeafternoon8_(talk)aboutthingsandpersonsthatwerememberedatschool.Heaskedmetogive9_someadviceonhowtoenlargehispresentbusinessandhewas10_(entire)h

19、appyaboutmyadvice.wastoldaandinfoundwho/thatexcitedtalkinghimentirely小试牛刀 A small boy and his father 1._ (walk) back to their home. It suddenly began 2. _rain hard. They 3. _ (not have) their umbrellas 4._ them and there was nowhere to hide from the rain, so they were soon all wet, and the small boy

20、 didnt feel happy. For 5._long time while they were walking back to their home through the rain, the boy was thinking. Then at lasthe turned to his father and 6._ (say) to him,“ Why does it 7._ (rain), Father? It isnt very nice, is it?” “No, it isnt very nice, but its 8._ (use), Tom,” answered his f

21、ather. “It rains to make fruit and vegetables 9._ (grow) for us.” Tom thought about this for a minute, and then he 10._ (answer), “Then, why does it rain on the road, Father?”1.were walking, 2.to, 3.didnt have, 4.with 5.a 6.said, 7.rain, 8.useful, 9.grow, 10.answered It was strange getting on a plane after being on the boat for five days. Were now in Shanghai. We travelle