谓语非谓语知识点总结学案-高三英语一轮复习

1、 高一英语 第 =page7 *2-113页 (共4页) 高一英语 第 =page7*2 14页 (共4页)谓语和非谓语班级 姓名 小组_一The Present Simple Tense（一般现在时）用法：1 、现阶段经常性、习惯性动作， 2 、目前的状态，3 、客观真理。构成： 主语是第三人称单数时， 作谓语的行为动词词尾要加其他人称和数动词变三单的规则：1.大都直接加s 2.以辅音字母加y为结尾的，变y为I 加es 3. 以s. x. sh .ch. o 为结尾的，加es. 常用时间状语：Often ， always, sometimes, every day, on Sunday.例句

2、 We have five lessons in the moring.二The Past Simple Tense （一般过去时）用法：1 、过去发生的动作；2 、过去存在的状态。构成：用动词的过去式常用时间状语：yesterday, two days ago , last week，in 1990 主从句时态例句： He went to work by bus yesterday.Mei mei was in the classroom a moment ago.三The Future Tense （一般将来时）用法：1.将来发生的动作；2 、将来存在的状态。构成:will(shall)

3、+动词原形am(is,are) + going to常用时间状语:tomorrow ，next week, in two hours例句：They will meet outside the school gate tomorrow afternoon 、The people will not be pleased if you jump the queue.备注:在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时。四The Present Continuous Tense （现在进行时）用法：说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作构成am(is,are) +动词的现在分词常用时间状语：now例句：K

4、ates parents are working in Canada now.Look, the child is playing on the street. 备注:come ， go 等动词的现在进行时形式可表示将要发生的动作。五The Past Continuous Tense （ 过去进行时）用法：过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作构成was(were)+ 动词的现在分词常用时间状语：at four yesterday afternoon, at this time yesterday,表示过去时间的状语从句例句：He was cleaning his bike at ten o c

5、lock yesterday.The twins were sweeping the floor when the teacher came.六、The Present Perfect Tense （ 现在完成时）用法：1 、到现在为止已经完成的动作； 对现在还有影响。（ 已完成）2 、从过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态。（ 未完成）构成：have(has)+ 动词的过去分词常用时间状语： already, yet, ever ，before, in the past few years, since 1990 ,for ten years, recently ,so far , second

6、time 例句：I have never heard of that before.The visitor has been here for two days.Three months have passed since I arrived m Sydney.练习：Toms uncle _ as a chemistry teacher in a school.（work）He _ there since Tom was born.He _ there more than thirty years ago.He _ in the science lab when Tom called last

7、 night.He said he _ in the lab for two hours.Now he _ in the lab.He _even harder in the coming three years.（work）Betty _ TV this time last night. (watch)The team usually _ supper at 6:30. (have)Mrs Green _ back in half an hour.（come）The boys _ football on the playground now.(play)Mr White _ to him s

8、everal times already.(talk)Lucy _ the classroom twenty minutes ago.(leave)The little girl _ 300 English words by the end of last month.(learn)8.Her father _ (know) Beijing very well because he _ (be) there many times. Now he _ (tell) the boys something about the Great Wall.9、Our maths teacher isnt h

9、ere now. She _ (go) to the library. She _ (return) in fifteen minutes.10、The students _ (pick) apples on the farm when it suddenly _ (begin) to rain yesterday.11、Lin Tao often _ (go) back to his home town. He _ (be) there many times.12、_ you _ (go) for a picnic with us tomorrow? I _(go) if it _ not

10、_ (rain) tomorrow. If it _ (rain), I _ (stay) at home instead.二、英汉互译。1李先生已经去了哈尔滨，他已经在哈尔滨两天了。_2如果你不知道这个单词的意思，你可以查字典。_3如果我们继续浪费这种能源，它将会耗尽。_非谓语非谓语的定义：一个完整的英语句子里，有且只有一个谓语动词，剩下的动词即非谓语动词。非谓语的一般式：一般式 意 义动词不定式to do表目的或将来动词ing形式doing表主动或进行过去分词done表被动或完成非谓语动词的语法功能：它具有动词的特点， 但在句子中起着名词， 形容词， 副词的作用， 可以充当主语、宾语、表语

11、、定语状语等成分， 即除了谓语之外的一切成分。判断非谓语四部曲：step 1 ： 判断句子数量step 2 ： 判断谓语动词数量step 3 ： 找到非谓语动词step 4 ： 指出非谓语动词的形式牛刀小试：找到非谓语动词并指出其形式Although Jerry had nothing else to do, she turned down the invitation.Jim has retired, but he still remember the happy time spent with his students.Around 13,500 new jobs were created

12、 during the period, exceeding the expectation.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, allowing more people to be treated.(一)分析句子结构,辨别“谓语与非谓语”； 1._many times, but he still couldnt understand it. 2._many times, he still couldnt understand it. A. Having been told B. Being told C. He h

13、ad been told D. Though he was told 3.It _ a hot day, wed better go swimming. 4._ a rainy day；we decided not to go there. A.to be B.being C.It being D.It was （二）找逻辑主语；非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。找出逻辑主语，并总结：1.Walking along the street one day, she saw a little girl.2.Convinced of the truth o

14、f the reports, he told his colleagues about it.3.She is reading a book found on the way.一般来说，作状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语；作定语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是被修饰的名词。【小试牛刀】1._ everything into consideration, they ought to have another chance.2.Everything _into consideration, they ought to have another chance. A.to take B.Taking C

15、.to be taken D.taken三）分析语态； 即：在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。 1._the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.(上海卷). A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached 2._from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.(陕西卷). A.

16、Seen B. Seeing C. Have seenD. To see （四）分析时态； 即：在确定语态之后，分析非谓语动词动作在时间上是过去、现在还是将来。 1.The building _now will be a restaurant. 2.The building _ next year will be a restaurant. 3.The building _last year is a restaurant. A.having been built B.to be built C.being built D.built 非谓语动词解题步骤一、辨别“ 谓与非谓二、找逻辑主语三、分

17、析语态四、分析时态方法总结：谓非谓， 找主语， 析语态， 定时态依题掘金; 非谓语动词解题七大经典原则 1.With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank _（buy）presents for my dad.（全国卷 I ） 2.When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _(cool) the house during the day.(2015全国 II 卷) 【原则一

18、】用作目的状语或形容词后作状语时，原则上要用 ； 1.He had wonderful childhood, （travel）with his mother to all corners of the world. (安徽卷) 【原则二】用作伴随状语，原则上要用 ； 1.It rained heavily in the south, (cause)serious flooding in several provinces.（天津卷） 2.He hurried to the booking office, only (find) that all the tickets had been sol

19、d out. （陕西卷） 【原则三】用作结果状语时，可用 区别：v-ing，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中 用to do，表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外 1.His first book (publish) next month is based on a true story.（陕西卷 ） 2. (give) more attention, the trees could have grown better.【原则四】凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词done；但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式to be done；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用v-ing的被动

20、式being done. 1. Faced with a bill for $10,000， .（陕西卷） A. John has taken an extra job B. the boss has given John an extra job C. an extra job has been taken D. an extra job has been given to John【原则五】非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与句子主语 保持一致；1.Dina, (struggle)for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position