2016年山东大学考博英语完形填空与阅读理解

1、完形填空（2003年1月六级真题）Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single lin

2、e through the centre.When women do become managers, do they ring a different style and different skills to the job? Are they better, or worse, managers than men? Are women more highly HYPERLINK /w/motivate t _blank motivated and _71_ than male managers?Some research _72_ the idea that women bring di

3、fferent attitudes and skills to management jobs, such as greater _73_, an emphasis on affiliation and attachment, and a _74_ to bring emotional factors to bear _75_ making workplace decisions. These differences are _76_ to carry advantages for companies, _77_ they expand the range of techniques that

4、 can be used to _78_ the company manage its workforce _79_.A study commissioned by the International Womens Forum _80_ a management style used by some women managers (and also by some men) that _81_ from the command-and-control style _82_ used by male managers. Using this “interactive leadership” ap

5、proach, “women _83_ participation, share power and in HYPERLINK /w/formation t _blank formation, _84_ other peoples self-worth, and get others excited about their work. All these _85_ reflect their belief that allowing _86_ to contribute and to feel _87_ and important is a win-win _88_good for the e

6、mployees and the organization.” The studys director _89_ that “interactive leadership may emerge _90_ the management style of choice for many organizations.”71. A) confronted B) commanded C) confined D) committed72. A) supports B) argues C) opposes D) despises73. A) combination B) cooperativeness C)

7、 coherence D) correlation74. A) willingness B) loyalty C) sensitivity D) virtue75. A) by B) in C) at D) with76. A) disclosed B) watched C) revised D) seen77. A) therefore B) whereas C) because D) nonetheless78. A) help B) enable C) support D) direct79. A) evidently B) precisely C) aggressively D) ef

8、fectively80. A) developed B) invented C) discovered D) located81. A) derives B) differs C) descends D) detaches82. A) inherently B) traditionally C) conditionally D) occasionally83. A) encourage B) dismiss C) disapprove D) engage84. A) enhance B) enlarge C) ignore D) degrade85. A) themes B) subjects

9、 C) researches D) things86. A) managers B) women C) employees D) males87. A) faithful B) powerful C) skillful D) thoughtful88. A) situation B) status C) circumstance D) position89. A) HYPERLINK /w/predict t _blank predicted B) proclaimed C) defied D) diagnosed90. A) into B) from C) as D) for参考答案：71.

10、 D 72. A 73. B 74. A 75. B 76. D 77. C 78. A 79. D 80. C81. B 82. B 83. A 84. A 85. D 86. C 87. B 88. A 89. A 90. C阅读理解第一篇（95年六级）The relationship between the home and HYPERLINK /w/market t _blank marketeconomies has gone through two distinct stages. Early industrialization began the process of trans

11、ferring some production processes (e.g. cloth making, sewing and canning foods) from the home to the HYPERLINK /w/market t _blank marketplace. Although the home HYPERLINK /w/economy t _blank economycould still produce these goods, the processes werelaborious(费力的) and the HYPERLINK /w/market t _blank

12、 market HYPERLINK /w/economy t _blank economywas usually more efficient. Soon, the more important second stage was evidentthe HYPERLINK /w/market t _blank marketplace began producing goods and services that had never been produced by the home HYPERLINK /w/economy t _blank economy, and the home HYPER

13、LINK /w/economy t _blank economywas unable to produce them (e.g. electricity and electrical appliances, the automobile, advanced education, sophisticated medical care). In the second stage, the question of whether the home HYPERLINK /w/economy t _blank economywas less efficient in producing these ne

14、w goods and services was irrelevant; if the family were to enjoy these fruits of industrialization, they would have to be obtained in the HYPERLINK /w/market t _blank marketplace. The traditional ways of taking care of these needs in the home, such as in nursing the sick, became HYPERLINK /w/social

15、t _blank socially unacceptable (and, in most serious cases, probably less HYPERLINK /w/success t _blank successful). Just as the appearance of the automobile made the use of the horse-drawn carriage illegal and then impractical, and the appearance of television changed the radio from a HYPERLINK /w/

16、source t _blank sourceof entertainment to a HYPERLINK /w/source t _blank sourceof background music, so most of the fruits of economic growth did not increase the options available to the home HYPERLINK /w/economy t _blank economyto either produce the goods or services or purchase them in the HYPERLI

17、NK /w/market t _blank market. Growth brought with it increased variety in HYPERLINK /w/consumer t _blank consumergoods, but not increased flexibility for the home HYPERLINK /w/economy t _blank economyin obtaining these goods and services. Instead, economic growth brought with it increased HYPERLINK

18、/w/consumer t _blank consumerreliance on the HYPERLINK /w/market t _blank marketplace. In order to consume these new goods and services, the family had to enter the HYPERLINK /w/market t _blank marketplace as wage earners and HYPERLINK /w/consumer t _blank consumers. Theneoclassical (新古典主义的) model t

19、hat views the family as deciding whether to produce goods and services directly or to purchase them in the HYPERLINK /w/market t _blank marketplace is basically a model of the first stage. It cannot accurately be applied to the second (and current) stage.36. The reason why many production processes

20、were taken over by the HYPERLINK /w/market t _blank marketplace was that.A) it was a necessary step in the process of industrializationB) they depended on electricity available only to the HYPERLINK /w/market t _blank market HYPERLINK /w/economy t _blank economyC) it was troublesome to produce such

21、goods in the homeD) the HYPERLINK /w/market t _blank marketplace was more efficient with respect to processes37. It can be seen from the passage that in the second stage.A) some traditional goods and services were not HYPERLINK /w/success t _blank successful when provided by the home HYPERLINK /w/ec

22、onomy t _blank economyB) the HYPERLINK /w/market t _blank market HYPERLINK /w/economy t _blank economyprovided new goods and services never produced by the home HYPERLINK /w/economy t _blank economyC) producing traditional goods at home became HYPERLINK /w/social t _blank socially unacceptableD) whe

23、ther new goods and services were produced by the home HYPERLINK /w/economy t _blank economybecame irrelevant38. During the second stage, if the family wanted to consume new goods and services, they had to enter the HYPERLINK /w/market t _blank marketplace.A) as wage earnersC) both as workers and pur

24、chasersB) both as manufacturers and HYPERLINK /w/consumer t _blank consumersD) as customers39. Economic growth did not make it more flexible for the home HYPERLINK /w/economy t _blank economyto obtain the new goods and services because.A) the family was not efficient in productionB) it was illegal f

25、or the home HYPERLINK /w/economy t _blank economyto produce themC) it could not HYPERLINK /w/supply t _blank supplythem by itselfD) the HYPERLINK /w/market t _blank marketfor these goods and services was limited40. The neoclassical model is basically a model of the first stage, because at this stage

26、.A) the family could rely either on the home HYPERLINK /w/economy t _blank economyor on the HYPERLINK /w/market t _blank marketplace for the needed goods and servicesB) many production processes were being transferred to the HYPERLINK /w/market t _blank marketplaceC) HYPERLINK /w/consumer t _blank c

27、onsumers relied more and more on the HYPERLINK /w/market t _blank market HYPERLINK /w/economy t _blank economyD) the family could decide how to transfer production processes to the HYPERLINK /w/market t _blank marketplace参考答案：36. D 37. B 38. C 39. C 40. A第二篇（93年1月六级）Recent stories in the newspapers

28、and magazines suggest that teaching and research contradict each other, that research plays too prominent a part in academic promotions, and that teaching is badly underemphasized. There is an element of truth in these statements, but they also ignore deeper and more important relationships.Research

29、 experience is an essential element of hiring and promotion at a research university because it is the emphasis on research that distinguishes such a university from an arts college. Some professors, however, neglect teaching for research and that presents a problem.Most research universities reward

30、 outstanding teaching, but the greatest recognition is usually given for achievements in research. Part of the reason is the difficulty of judging teaching. A highly responsible and tough professor is usually appreciated by top students who want to be challenged, but disliked by those whose records

31、are less impressive. The mild professor gets overall ratings that are usually high, but there is a sense of disappointment in the part of the best students, exactly those for whom the system should present the greatest challenges. Thus, a university trying to promote professors primarily on the teac

32、hing qualities would have to confront this confusion.As modern science moves faster, two forces are exerted on professor: one is the time needed to keep on with the profession; the other is the time needed to teach. The training of new scientists requires outstanding teaching at the research univers

33、ity as well as the arts college. Although scientists are usually “made” in the elementary schools, scientists can be “lost” by poor teaching at the college and graduate school levels. The solution is not to separate teaching and research, but to recognize that the combination is difficult but vital.

34、 The title of professor should be given only to those who profess, and it is perhaps time for universities to reserve it for those willing to be an earnest part of the community of scholars. Professor unwilling to teach can be called “distinguished research investigators” or something else.The pace

35、of modern science makes it increasingly difficult to be a great researcher and a great teacher. Yet many are described in just those terms. Those who say we can separate teaching and research simply do not understand the system but those who say the problem will disappear are not fulfilling their re

36、sponsibilities.31. What idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph?A) It is wrong to overestimate the importance of teaching.B) Teaching and research are contradictory to each other.C) Research can never be emphasized too much.D) The relationship between teaching and research should

37、not be simplified.32. In academic promotions research universities still attach more importance to research partly because _.A) research improves the quality of teachingB) students who want to be challenged appreciate research professorsC) it is difficult to evaluate teaching quality objectivelyD) p

38、rofessor with achievements in research are usually responsible and tough33. According to the fourth paragraph, which of the following will the author probably agree with?A) Distinguished professors at research universities should concentrate on research only.B) The separation of teaching from resear

39、ch can lower the quality of future scientists.C) It is of utmost importance to improve teaching in elementary schools in order to train new scientists.D) The rapid developments of modern science make it impossible to combine teaching with research.34. The title of professor should be given only to t

40、hose who, first and foremost, do _.A) teachingB) field workC) scientific researchD) investigation35. The phrase “the problem” (Para. 5, Line 3) refers to _.A) raising the status of teachingB) the combination of teaching with researchC) the separations of teaching from researchD) improving the status

41、 of research参考答案：31. D 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. C第三篇（93年六级真题）“Thereisasenselessnotionthatchildrengrowupandleavehomewhentheyre18,andthetruthisfarfromthat,”sayssociologistLarryBumpassoftheUniversityofWisconsin.Today,unexpectednumbersofyoungadultsarelivingwiththeirparents, “Thereisamajorshiftinthemiddlecl

42、ass,”declaressociologistAllanSchnaibergofNorthwesterUniversity,whoseson, 19,movedbackinafteranabsenceofeightmonths.Analystsciteavarietyofreasonsforthisreturntothenest.Themarriageageisrising,aconditionthatmakeshomeanditspleasantnessparticularlyattractivetoyoungpeople.Ahighdivorcerateandadecliningrema

43、rriageratearesendingeconomicallypressedandemotionallyhurtsurvivorsbacktoparentalshelters.Forsome,theexpenseofanaway-from-homecollegeeducationhasbecomesoexcessivelygreatthatmanystudentsnowattendlocalschools.Evenaftergraduation,youngpeoplefindtheirwingsclippedbyskyrocketinghousingcosts.Livingathome,sa

44、ysKnighton,aschoolteacher,continuestogivehersecurityandmoralsupport.Hermotheragreed, “Itsridiculousforthekidstopayallthatmoneyforrent.Itmakessenseforkidstostayathome.”Butsharingthefamilyhomerequiresadjustmentsforall.Therearethehasslesoverbathrooms,telephonesandprivacy(不受干扰的生活).Somefamilies,however,m

45、anagethedelicatebalancingact.Butforothers,itprovestoodifficult.MichelleDelTurco, 24,hasbeenhomethreetimes-andleftthreetimes. “WhatIconsideredasocialdrink,mydadconsideredanalcoholproblem,”sheexplains. “HeneverlikedanyoneIdated(约会),soIeitherhadtohideawayormeetthematfriendshouse.”Justhowlongshouldadult

46、childrenlivewiththeirparentsbeforemovingon?Mostpsychologistsfeellengthyhomecomingsareamistake.Children,strugglingtoestablishseparateidentities,canendupwith“asenseofinadequacy,defeatandfailure.”Andagingparents,whoshouldbeenjoyingsomefinancialandpersonalfreedom,findthemselvesstuckwithresponsibilities.

47、Manyagreethatbriefvisits,however,canworkbeneficially.21.Accordingtotheauthor,therewasonceatrendintheU.S. _.A)foryoungadultstoleavetheirparentsandliveindependentlyB)formiddleclassyoungadultstostaywiththeirparentsC)formarriedyoungadultstomovebackhomeafteralengthyabsenceD)foryoungadultstogetjobsnearbyi

48、nordertolivewiththeirparents22.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotaccountforyoungadultsreturningtothenest?A)Youngadultsfindhousingcoststoohigh.B)Youngadultsarepsychologicallyandintellectuallyimmature.C)Youngadultsseekparentalcomfortandmoralsupport.D)Quiteanumberofyoungadultsattendlocalschools.23.Oneofthedisa

49、dvantagesofyoungadultsreturningtostaywiththeirparentsisthat_.A)therewillinevitablybeinconveniencesineverydaylifeB)mostparentsfinditdifficulttokeepC)theyoungadultstendtobeoverprotectedbytheirparentsD)publicopinionisagainstyoungadultsstayingwiththeirparents24.Theword“hassles”inthepassage(Line3,Para. 3

50、)probablymeans_.A)agreementsB)worriesC)disadvantagesD)quarrels25.Accordingtothepassagewhatisthebestforbothparentsandchildren?A)Theyshouldadjustthemselvestosharingthefamilyexpenses.B)Childrenshouldleavetheirparentswhentheyaregrown-up.C)Adultchildrenshouldvisittheirparentsfromtimetotime.D)Parentsshoul

51、dsupporttheiradultchildrenwhentheyareintrouble.参考答案：ABADC第四篇（96年六级）Real policemen hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see on TV.The first difference is that a policemans real life revolves round criminal law. He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evid

52、ence can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer, and what is more, he has to apply it on his feet, in the dark and rain, running down a street after someone he wants to talk to.Little of his time is spent in chatting. He will spend most of his work

53、ing life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, unimportant people who are guilty of stupid, petty crimes.Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal: as soon as hes arrested, the story is over. In real life, finding criminals is seldom much of a problem.

54、 Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks little effort is spent on searching.Having made an arrest, a detective really start to work. He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to gather a lot of different evidence.来源：考试大At third big difference between the

55、drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant pressures: first, as members of a police force they always have to behave absolutely in accordance with the law. Secondly, as expensive public servants they have to get results. They can hardly ever do both. Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways.If the detective has to detective the world, the world often dece