医学词汇构词法iV课件

1、 By Wang Lanying Foreign Language DepartmentThe Formation of Medical Vocabulary医学词汇构词法iV1 By Wang LanyingThe F A Course of Learning English for Medical PurposesI. Target1.Mastering medical language: vocabulary and discourse level learning2. Practical application of medical communication: speaking an

2、d writing with ML医学词汇构词法iV2 A Course of Learning English I. Target3. Nurture the sense of stylistic researchII. Methodology 1. Acquire the knowledge of word formation2.Understand the medical language traits through reading3. Observe and summarize the stylistic features4. Active and energetic learnin

3、g under the teachers guide医学词汇构词法iV3I. Target3. Nurture the sense III. Course Arrangement1.72 Teaching periods,4/week2.Eight Units this term3.Required course and exam4.Term achievements: based on assignments, quiz, class response, and final exam dynamically医学词汇构词法iV4III. Course Arrangement1.72 T Dav

4、i-Ellen Chamber says: Studying medical words is very similar to learning a new language. The words at first sound strange and complicated although they may stand for commonly known English terms. The words gastralgia, meaning “stomach ache”, and ophthalmologist, meaning eye doctor,are examples. The

5、medical language is fascinatingly logical in that each term, complex or simple, can be broken down into its basic component parts and then understood. What is medical language?医学词汇构词法iV5 Davi-Ellen Chamber says: Basic elements of medical wordsMost medical words are made from a combination of the fol

6、lowing elements: the part of the word that we shall call the base (root /stem) because it contains the most fundamental meaning of that word, prefixes and suffixes, and vowels (o/a) that join all these parts.Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis (45letters)医学词汇构词法iV6Basic elements of medical

7、 wordPneumono-ultra-microscopic-silico-volcano-coniosis粉尘病火山硅/矽超显微的肺的It develops only after years of exposure to low levels of silica dust. 医硅酸盐沉着病,矽肺病Symptoms include hyperventilation, coughing, dysphonia (发声困难), anorexia (厌食), chest pain and increased susceptibility to tuberculosis 医学词汇构词法iV7Pneum

8、ono-ultra-microscopic-silThree major objectives to keep in mind as you study medical terminology.To analyze words structurally. Learn to divide words into basic elements such as roots, suffixes, prefixes, combining vowels, and combining forms. gastr /o/ enter /o/ logyrootrootsuffixCombining form医学词汇

9、构词法iV8Three major objectives to keepElectr /o/ cardi /o/ gramrootrootrootcombining vowelcombining vowel心电图医学词汇构词法iV9Electr /o/ cardi /o/ gramrootrCombining formsprefixessuffixescyt/o : cellderm/o :skinbi/o : lifeaden/o :glandarthr/o : jointnephr/o :kidneyhepat/o : liverleuk/o :whiteoste/o : boneepi-

10、 :abovemulti-: manypoly-: manyex- : outendo- :insidetrans- : acrosshyper-: excessivehypo- :deficient-emia :blood condition-ectomy: excision-gram: record-cyte: cell-scope: instrument fro visually exam-itis: inflammation-ist : person specialized in-logy: process of study-oma: tumor-osis: abnormal cond

11、ition-tomy: cutting医学词汇构词法iV10Combining formsprefixessuffixe2. To correlate an understanding of word elements with the basic anatomy, physiology, and disease processes of the human body. Such as hemat /o/ logy means the study of the blood.3. To be continually aware of spelling and pronunciation prob

12、lems. Hepatoma: tumor of the liver 肝细胞瘤Hematoma: blood tumor 血肿医学词汇构词法iV112. To correlate an understandOncologyNephrologyNeurologyGastroenterologyNephritisHepatitisBronchitisCarcinomaHematomahepatomaanatomy: process of cutting upgastrectomy: removal of the stomacharthrotomy: incision of a jointleuke

13、mia anemia erythremia Leukocytosis 白细胞增多Necrosis 坏死Erythrocytosis 红细胞增多The Roles of Pronunciation医学词汇构词法iV12Oncologyanatomy: process of cMedical TerminologySystemsOrgansTissuesCellsEndocrine syst.Reproductive syst.Mastery of Medical Words医学词汇构词法iV13Medical TerminologyEndocrine sOrgansTissuesCells医学词

14、汇构词法iV14Organs医学词汇构词法iV14Distribution of vocabulary in medical literatureEssential voc.Popular science voc.Medical terms医学词汇构词法iV15Distribution of vocabulary in The 2nd category (15%) : hepatitis, appendicitis, encephalopathy, immunodeficiency syndromeThe 3rd category (15%) : distill, dilute , disso

15、lve, filtration, magnetization, dynamics, meteorology, pigmentation The 1st category 70%: comment, investigate, studyDistribution of vocabulary医学词汇构词法iV16The 2nd category (15%) : hepaMedical TerminologyI. ConversionII. derivativeIII. Compoundingopportunist 条件致病菌physiology/-ist/ -gicasymptomaticantiv

16、irusradioimmunoelectrophoresis 放射免疫电泳医学词汇构词法iV17Medical TerminologyI. ConversiI. Conversion 词义转换：由普通词汇转换成专业词汇； opportunist ; sympathetic block交感神经阻滞术, sympathetic nerve , sympathomimetic 拟交感神经药； capsule 胶囊药,被膜Reservoir 贮主(zhu)To protect trachea from collapsing the uncompromised host 不易受感染的宿主space oc

17、cupying lesion 占位性病变医学词汇构词法iV18I. Conversion 词义转换：由普通词汇转换成专业词Derivatives Prefix: ir- il- im-mis-irregularity, irresistableillegal, illiterateimmature immobileimmodestimmoralitymisbehaviormisleadmisfortunemisstatemismanage医学词汇构词法iV19Derivatives Prefix: irregulariPrefixDis/dys- dishonest dysphonia dis

18、order dyspnea diseasein- inexperienced insufficiency inadequate inactivated医学词汇构词法iV20Prefix医学词汇构词法iV20un- unconditioned reflex 非条件反射undifferentiated cell leukemia 未分化细胞白血病 unresolved pneumonia 未吸收肺炎unsaturated fatty acid 不饱和脂肪酸unstable angina 不稳定型心绞痛 医学词汇构词法iV21un- 医学词汇构词法iV21none-nonsmokernonelect

19、rolytenonstress testnonulcer dyspepsianonspecific immunitynonsense mutationnonself非抽烟者非电解质无应激实验非溃疡性消化不良非特异性免疫无义突变非自我的医学词汇构词法iV22none-医学词汇构词法iV22ex-exclusionexcretion exhaleex- presidentex-wifeexclude排斥排泄呼气前总统前妻排除在外医学词汇构词法iV23ex-医学词汇构词法iV23Suffix: n. reliance resistance existence coldness consciousne

20、ss decision collision inclusiontreatmentencouragementAdj. generous continuous miscellaneous congenital conspicuous scrupulous simultaneously apparently substantially 医学词汇构词法iV24Suffix: n. Adj. 医学词汇构词法iV24V.-en.(a.+ en)whitenwidenfasten(tie)lengthenshortenworsenweakenbrightenlighten -al n.survivalref

21、usalarrivalproposalwithdrawalremoval(but not: compose, compromise)医学词汇构词法iV25V.-en.(a.+ en)-al n.医学词汇构词法iVCompoundsRootsOrgans and their rootsliver hepato/a-lung pulmono-kidney reno-/nephro-heart cardio-nerve neuro-spleen splen(o)brain cerebro-head cephal(o)eye ophthalm/skin dermo-ear oto-(otology)c

22、hest thorac/o-arteri/o arteryvaso vessel医学词汇构词法iV26CompoundsRootsspleen splen(onose naso- / nasoantritis 鼻上颌窦炎 throat laryngo- Laryngitis 喉炎Pharynx 咽 Pharyng (o)-Pharyngectomy 咽切除描述人体器官方位：Anterior anterior band of colon结肠前带posterior posterior teeth 后牙superior superior vena cava 上腔静脉inferior inferior

23、 thyroid artery甲状腺下动脉医学词汇构词法iV27nose naso- / nasoantritis 描述人 inter- (between) interatrial 房间的 intra-(inside) intracellularendo-(intra- ) endocarditispoly-(many, much) polyarthritis multi- (many, much) -multicuspid 多尖的hyper-(high, extra) hypertension hypo-(low,less) hypotension homo-( same) homolate

24、ral同侧的homograft hetero-(different) heteroantigen 异种抗原dys-(not) dysplasia发育不良医学词汇构词法iV28 inter- (between) hypo-(lo dyspnea 呼吸困难 dysphonia 发声困难counter- 对抗，抑制 countercurrent 逆流 counterbalance 等衡 psycho- 精神/心理 psychology psychiatry psychobiologythrombo-血栓thrombolymphangitis 血栓性淋巴管炎Thromboendocarditis血栓性

25、心内膜炎meningo- 脑膜，脑脊膜meningoencephalomyelitis 脑脊膜脑脊髓炎医学词汇构词法iV29 dyspnea 呼吸困难thrombo-血栓医学词汇lympho- lymphocytopenia 淋巴细胞减少radio- radionuclide- angiocardiography放射性核素心血管造影术immuno- immunosuppressionelectro- electrosynthesis 电合成 staphylo- 葡萄，悬雍垂 staphylotoxin 葡萄球菌毒素 staphyloplasty 悬雍垂成形术医学词汇构词法iV30lympho-

26、electro-医学词汇构词法iV30Strepto- Streptococcus StreptomycinOsteo bone osteocystoma 骨囊瘤Lumb/o lumbar lumbodynia 腰痛 lumbocostal 腰肋的 Suffix:-itis (inflammation) hepatitis bronchitis nephritis colitis gastritis appendicitis otitis endocarditis panarthritis 多发性关节炎 医学词汇构词法iV31Strepto-Suffix:医学词汇构词法iV31-ectomy

27、(removal) splenectomy appendectomy pharyngectomy-graphy（照像术） cephalography 测颅术 cardiography 心动描记法- gram 照片 cardiogram 心动图-scope (glass) ophthalmoscope stethoscope microscope telescope microscope telescope医学词汇构词法iV32-ectomy (removal)- gram 照片医学-cyte( cell) leukocyte myocyte-coccus 球菌 staphylococci 葡萄球菌 meningococci pneumococci streptococci-logy (scien