gmat机经2010年12月12.24日起作文

1、1 1 ： The most experienced candidate is the candidate for leadership2：“With the increasing emphasis on a global economy and internationalcooperation,peopleneedtounderstandthattheirrole ascitizensoftheworldismoreimportantthantheirroleascitizensof a particular country.”题库号码提纲有时, 很多问题是全球性的,需要世界公民的角度考虑,

2、而非只站在一国角度. 比如,环境问题, 能源问题, 等等. 人们应该为整个地球负责任,而不仅仅是为了一个民族或国家. 因为,如果是后者, 则很有可能只解决自己的问题, 而把危害转移到别的国家shifttheburden andthreatsfromonenationtoanother比如: 出口垃圾,比如大量进口发展中国家的木材.虽然自己的国家暂时解决了问题,但长远看, 没有国家孤立地存在, short-sight and narrow mind, interdependent.discardorweakentheirroleascitizensofonenation. 其实incompati

3、ble,更多时候, complementary oneand can even besynergistic.thepreservationoftraditionalculture, 人们作为一国公民,保护自己独特文化的同时diversityofculturepositiveeffort比如, 为一个国家的 public service 付出努力的同时, 很可能激发起公民的社会责任感和 compassionandresponsibilitypublicservice中, 比如很多charitariansubsidizetheschoolin one nationattention to the

4、education in the international scope.View1: peoples role as citizens of the world is become more and more important in the modern society.View2: Without the awareness of being citizens of a particular country, people will find no roots to behave on the stage of the world.View3: these two roles, nati

5、onal and international, are not mutually exclusive alternatives. They can be properly combined.3：The3：Themosteffectivewayforabusinesspersontomaximizeoveralongperiod oftimeistofollowthehigheststandardsof支持者会认为, reputation and trust; 第一, 高道德生产高质量的产品以及service,顾客稳定stableshareofthemarket第二, 高道德会让员工满意度提高(

6、公). loyal to the company-productivity.例子：Bayer, one of the largest pharmaceutic companies in the world, announced thatthecompanywouldceaseproductionofoneofitsmajorproductsbecause of the hazardous ingredients it contained. By doing so, the company suffers great loss on profitability, but gains strong

7、 public support and understanding, which can contribute to the long-term success of the company.但在更多的情况下equaltomaximalprofit. 比如,a, 如果把道德放在第一位的话企业的 executive 很可能无法执行裁员活动 complete the normal administration,suchasraisingtheprice,reducingthesuperabundantstaff b,高道德的话，很可能采用最高标准的环保生产这样很不是 cost-effective.

8、 总之， Followingsuchundueconcernaboutethics,thecompanymayfinditimpossible to survive in the radical competitive market, let alone to gain large profit.andtimetotime.Therefore,itisimpracticaltofindandthensticktothehighest standards of ethics.View2: the regulations and laws of authorities are more feasi

9、ble and suitable standards to follow.View3:whilewaitingforgovernmentregulationsmaydrawbacktheprocesses of eliminating the ill actions, we can count on the authorities to speed up the process of refining the laws and regulations.4：Manypeoplecomplainthatwedependtoomuchoncomputers, however, computers a

10、re continually improving our lives.题库号码：提纲：5：化石燃料越来越重要和有限，international agreements 应该被 (这个我没找到希望知道的同学能站短我谢谢6：Toomany people think only about getting results. the key to success, however, is to focus on the specific task at hand and not to worry about results.pivotal 的目标而服务这样会忽略了重点降低效率.at hand anxiou

11、s anxiety specific specialized certainresultoutcomeeventuality disadvantagefocusonthedetailssolelyignoreefficiencykeystoneendproduct proceedprocessprecedentprecedingmeritadmittedlydauntingoverwhleming Admittedly, this advice has some merit, by focusing on the details at hand one is less likely to be

12、come discouraged by the daunting and overwhelmingtasksaheadinanambitiousWithout reference to virtually The central problem with this advice is that focusingattentioncompletelyonthetaskathandwithoutreferencetohowthat task is related to the end product would be virtually impossible to do.Randomdiligen

13、tlikelihoodView1: without achievements of specific tasks there will be no base for final View2:however,withoutaspecificidealdestination,effortswillfindnowayto 7：“Businesses and other organizations have overemphasized the importance of working as a team. Clearly, in any human group, it is the strongi

14、ndividual,thepersonwiththemostcommitmentandenergy, who gets things done.”题库号码提纲The authors assert brings in the controversial and complex question that is being discussed a lot now: teamwork or individual energy and commitment, whichoneismoreimportanttoacompanyorothertypesoforganizations?The author

15、claims that teamwork has been overemphasized. To the contrary, I believe that is the author who makes an overemphasis by saying It is the strongindividual,thepersonwiththemostcommitmentandenergy,whogets things done.一个公司一个组织并不是所有成员的简单加总.如果是这样的话,那么也就没有必要形成一个团队了每个人独立完成就好了.事实上一个团队可以把个体有机的组织在一起,使整体的运做更有效

16、率更有成效,这才识组织存在的原因.regimentationeach does his or her own duty technology organic View1:efficiencycomesfromworkdivisions.Intodaysbusinessworld,itis unpractical for one person to accomplish an entire program. Actually, only every competent person finishes one part of the mission, entirely whole program

17、get done.View2: An organization is not simply put competent people together but combine them to form a organic integrity, thus induce higher efficiency 8：No one can possibly achieve any real and lasting success or get rich in business by conforming to conventional practices or ways of 题库号码提纲Eternalt

18、ruthswillbeneithertruenoreternalunlesstheyhavefreshmeaningfor every new social situation. (Franklin Roosevelt, American president)Growth and change are the law of all life. Yesterdays answersareinadequate for todays just as the solutions of today will not fill the needs tomorrow.(FranklinRoosevelt,A

19、merican1的确在很多情况下，merely!遵循旧的方法，很难保持 long-lasting success。在很多 ridiculousforaabacusmanufactorycannotcompetewiththecalculatorfactorybyproducing better abaci. keep up with the development of the market.2financial achievement 的一些 business principles. 比方说，a, 追求 efficiencycost是永恒的需要所以要追求新技术，创造不同的产品；b, 比如保r

20、eputationconsumer. 制造质量好的产品。c, 企业作为社会carrysome responsibility for the whole Thesis sentence: Whether a conformist can achieve lasting success or get rich in business depends primarily on the type of business involved. Iconoclasts rise to the top in newer industries and in those where consumer demand

21、 is in constant flux. Conformists ultimately prevail, however, in traditional service industries ensconced in systems and regulations.View1: In consumer-driven industries, innovation, product differentiation, and creativity are crucial to lasting successEvidence: retail and media sectors. And in tec

22、hnology, companies that fail to break away from last years paradigm are soon left behind by the competition.View2: However, in traditional service industriessuch as finance, accounting, insurance, legal services, and health carelasting success and riches come not to nonconformists but rather to thos

23、e who can deliver services most effectively within the confines of established practices, policies, and regulations.Evidence:CitiBankgainhighreputationforitsinsistenceincomprehensivelyconsiderate9：Withtheconsiderationofnationalsecurity，governmenthasthe accesstotheircitizenslibrarycheckoutrecordsandI

24、nternetActivity 10：It is difficult for people to achieve professional success without sacrificing important aspects of a fulfilling personal life.两者并不矛盾而是相互促进相辅相科学技术的进步使人更高效率的工作也能让人更好的协调两者的关诚然一定的牺牲是必然要做出的但是绝对不是生活中的重cost of living, growing population, increasingly scarce resource all contribute to a

25、radicalcompetitivesociety. forcepeopletoworklongerhours, 自然, 无法避免地剥夺了人们的 personal life. 这一点在很多发展中国家尤其明显:缺乏社会福利 lack of social welfare, population explosion, 人们面临更大的失业压力.而反对这种观点的人说, 先进的科技已经帮助人们沟通更加便利,提高效率, 甚至在家中办公, 已经大大地减少了对个人生活的压榨. closescrutinywillrevealthat 事实上,这种进步,exacerbateintensity. 提高的效率, 更要求

26、人们一天干更多事, 在家中办公的可能, overtime.View1: a fulfilling personal life guarantees a healthy mind and energetic body which enhance professional performance.View2: Having a joyful career to devote to also in turn help to ensure a fulfilling personal life. View3: if to achieve professional success must have so

27、mething to sacrifice, the things may not necessarily the important aspects of personal lives.11：Responsibilityforpreservingthe naturalenvironment belongstoeachindividualperson,notto1， 个人往往是按照自己的利益办事即使有环保意愿但和个人利益冲突或要损失2， 环保常常规模很大，个人无力完成3， 诚然每个保护环境的措施都是要个人的参与的。但是这种参与是在政府的统筹下的。a tug of war 拔河，两派间的激烈竞争

28、a political tug of war between those in favor of the new legislation and those against it.largeinscaleparticipationparticipateensurepreservationindividual on behalf of 为了 at large 逍遥自在不受限制的；全体地普遍地Experience tells us that individuals tend to act on behalf of their own short-term economic and politica

29、l interest, not on behalf of the environment or the public at plete elimination emission automobile nevertheless 不过 manufacturer manufacture because voluntarily volunteer voluntary volunteer voluntary voluntarily sacrifice accomplish regulatory 调整的 enforcement impose necessary standard ensure achiev

30、e aside from inherently inherent pandemic 全国epidemic 流行的 traverse border environment environmental hazard enemy analysis authority authoritative possess attainment agreed-upon1The proponents of this assertion may argue that the natural environment ultimately belongs to each individual person, theref

31、ore, it is reasonable to attribute to each persontheresponsibilityforpreservingit.a, the condition of the environment may have directly effect on each person。所以，人hastheobligationtoprotecttheenvironmentfrombeingpolluted.b, 只有人人都2However, to leave all the responsibility to individuals is hardly a wise

32、 decision. Despite of the argument above, we should still not lose the sight of the fact that individuals havestrongpropensityofself-interestandshort-termconsideration. 没有政府的监督，很少有人自愿作出牺牲以保护环境（voluntarily make sacrifice to protect the environment.）forbidden smokingin public，smokers may enjoy their c

33、igarettes whenever they want. Deforestation kill excessively很多情况下重大 fatal 的保护环境举措没有政府的支持做不到比如工厂 dumping noxious waterintotheriverdeforestation/killexcessively以上那些行动，个人的力量根本不能阻prohibit.OptionalPreserve/conserve/Thesis sentence: While individual person can do a lot to protect our natural environment,

34、responsibility of preservation the overall environment lies in the hands of government with help form each individual in the society.View1: Experience tells us that individuals tend to act on behalf of their own short-economicandpoliticalinterest,notonbehalfoftheenvironmentorthepublicatView2:thegove

35、rnmenthascertainadvantagesinpreservingtheenvironment. thegovernmentcanplacecertainregulationsonthewastesandpollutantstowardsenvironment emitted by industries.Finesdeprivedfromcorporationsandindividualonesthat disobeytheenvironmentalregulations can be used on many ways such as preserve the forests, p

36、lanting trees, create conserved areas that will improve our current situations.12：“Employers should have no right to obtain information about their employees health or other aspects of their personal lives without the employees permission.”题库号码提纲1podutiviyndptogettainpodutivir。在雇佣时拥有对称的信息，很重要。2intth

37、ermplhistoryof sviolee with permissionforce。View1: as human resources is one of the most important fortunes to a company, companies shouldknowthehealthconditionsoftheir employees.Decidewhetheraworkeriscompetentfor a job, decide cost on medical cares, ensure productivityView2:otheraspectsofemployeesp

38、ersonallife,ifnotdirectlyrelatedtoworkperformance,are not need to expose to employers.13：Because of recent advancements in business and technology, overall quality of life in most societies has never been better than at the present time123double-edgedprogress in technology and business 确实给人们的生活带来了 c

39、onsiderable improvementa, in the material lifeunprecedented diversity of service and products。supermarket：hundredsandthousandsofproductsforpeopletochoose； 三月份就可以吃到新鲜的草莓 fresh strawberry b, 方便。高效率 in the convenienceofourownhomes orderadinnerviainternetc,a, spend more time on televisionandinternet, ov

40、erlookthenecessarycommunicationinthefamily alienation between the family members. b, 再比如，fast communication on-line 剥夺了人们深入思考的可能。deprive people of deep and comprehensive thinking.theinvention of laptops provide the possibility for people to continue their work after they leave the company. even on h

41、oliday. b, 新技术发展很快，demand changeseveryday. accelerate the job obsolescencesuffer more pressure and anxiety.14 ： It is unrealistic to expect individual nations to make, independently, the sacrifices necessary to conserve energy. International leadership and worldwide cooperation are essential if we e

42、xpecttoprotecttheworldsenergyresourcesforfuturegenerations提纲To conserve the energy is a world-wide project. No individual country is able to do it ItisunfairtoletindividualnationstomakesacrificeswhiletheothersdoThe best and the most efficient way is the whole wolrd conserve the energy simultaneously

43、 and collectively.1self consideration 优先。在没有有一个行动的指导作用。function as the leader of the group.2rponspoliationbythesametoken(同样道理the problem of energy conservation transcends the national borders in that either all nations must cooperate, or all will suffer.(sample 上的句子)3当然，这样是不够的，必须由各个国家充分地发挥主动的作用 take

44、 positive action。因effective 的方法。OptionalSacrifice/ expense/ offering/ cost Conserve/protect/guard/keep/maintain Thesis sentence:To conserve the energy resources is a worldwide project, however, individual nations have been take the responsibilities of energy conservation initiatively without interna

45、tional leadership.International leadership and worldwide cooperation play important roles in the protection of energy resources.Evidence:OPECisoneofthebestexamples.OPEC,theOrganizationofPetroleumExportingis an international organization of eleven developing countries that are heavily reliant on oil

46、revenues as theirmainsourceofincome.Sinceoilrevenuesaresovitalfortheeconomicdevelopmentofthesenations, they aim to bring stability and harmony to the oil market by adjusting their oil output to help ensure a balancebetweensupplyanddemand.Inthelongrun,thestabilizedout-puthelptoceasetheproblemof over-

47、refining and over utilization of oil energy.It is not idealistic to expect the sacrifices necessary to conserve energy independently. Factors otherthaninternationalleadershipandworldwidecooperationhavedrivenindividualnationsto conserve energy. These countries conserve energy purely for their own ben

48、efit in the future.Most nations in Europe have developed and used automobiles that are highly energy efficient. Japan is a country naturally with nearly no energy resources, so it make great effort to conserve energy for future generations. An famous case is that Japan once brought crude oil from co

49、untriesandburieditunderthesea15:thebestteachersarethosewholettheirstudentschallengeideas instead accept ideas.16：Physical activity and sports are as important as a students education of academic.17：Allcitizensshouldberequiredtoperformaspecifiedamountof public service. Such service would benefit not

50、only the country as a whole but also the individual participants.比起专业的公共服务组织，所有的公民都完成一定的公共服务显得比公民义务形式的服务会使得效率十分低下，而且也会让大多数 有自己的职业和爱好。个公民是否履行了自己的义务，也要有人给每个公民分配任务.不偿失的benot orththeandle ndory ompulsory .edaaintindividualcomplianceenforcementnullifystifleincompetencecompetenttantamountto 等insofarmandat

51、orysocial work可以增加人力资源因为 social work 的 wage 比较低，所以在非强制的情况下，只有少数人愿意参加，这样extensive participation 可以引起大家的重视激发人们更加爱护公共设施,从而降低整个 expense on the maintaining. 因为公共设施 becomesaaggregationofthehardworkofallthecitizens. 人们不付出努力,就不会珍对参与者的好处Theprincipalthinginthisworldistokeeponessoulaloft. （the great novelist）d

52、uty, 也同时有益于平时的工作; 可以增加人与人的交流, 在完全没有压力的环境下, 心灵得到放松当然, 完全强制有可能引起stimulate抵触emotionofrepellence, 也要注意方法,同时不View1: public service, a main approach to show social responsibilities, benefits both the county and the participants.View2: When becomes a burden and stress to the participants, public service ha

53、rm not only individual performers but also entire society. Cost of enforcement, reduction of efficiency , increase of abhorrence18：Peoplehavedutytodisobeylawstheyconsider19Location has traditionally been one of the most important determinants of a businesss success. The importance of location is not

54、 likely to change, no matter how advanced the development of computercommunicationsandotherskindsoftechnologybecomes.提纲很重要了。例如:保险、电子期刊等。有形商品由于售货方式的改变，地址的重要性也中比较突出的例子就是AMY、LL房等。trend tendency net telecommunication transportation location position site important significant determinant factor reason t

55、angible intangible palpable tactile touchable insurance electronic periodic periodical production goods commodity manufacturer producer essentiality significance importance strengthen reinforce weaken demonstrate show exhibit display conveientrivertransportationofthecargo，这也是为什么沿海地区经济通常发达的原因第二经济发达的地

56、区人们的购买能力比较强 purchasing powerthe demand of various goods may be relatively greater. 有利于the sale.Admittedly, the burgeoning technologies have changed the way of purchasing and selling. However, the extent, to which such technologies will threaten the pivotal role playedby location in business, depends

57、 on thetypes of suchbusiness. 首先，对于很retail business, 需要面对面地 persuade the consumers to buy， 比如化妆品 cosmetics. 再比如，tryontheclothesandcomparethedifferenttypesandtextures地点仍然是十分重要的。dinner outThings may be different when it comes to other kinds of companies, for examplethosewhousedtoproducelarge-scalegood

58、smakesaledepends on the contract signed with other companies. 现在的网络，以及先进的运View1.Tomanytraditionalbusinesseslocationstillplananfatalroleonits View2. as commuter technology and electronic communication become more and more convenient, the intangible locations on the internet have replaced the location

59、 in the real world in some business areas.Evidence:Electronicpublications,onlinebanks,internetretailstores,20：A powerful business leader has far more opportunity to influence the course of a community or a nation than does any government 每一个政府官员都很难自己做出决策。每一个政令的颁布表面上仿佛是由一个人executiveandjudicialpowers)

60、Inthisworkhe arguedthatthethreepowersastatehasare the Legislative, the Executive and the Judicial and that for a state to remain democratic, these powers must be separated and there must be checks and balances to prevent a single group from acquiring control over two or more of them.了每个个人甚至是每个oup 的决