研究生英语阅教程基础版第三版PPTLesson

1、 Progressive Reading Revised Edition 1策划：鞠方安 商希建主 编：刘兰芝 杨真真副主编：鲁显生 Gerald Zimmerman 王欧制作人：吴安民2 Lesson FourWhy Should We Hire You?3CatalogueBackground Information Warm-up Questions Main Idea Difficult SentencesLanguage Points Keys to the Exercises4 Background Information Globalization is the process

2、of increasing international integration in economic, political, social and cultural spheres, whereby actions beyond national boundaries constrain and influence national outcomes. The interaction is seen in the form of increased flow of goods and services, increased flow of capital, increased cultura

3、l and political interactions, migration of people and many others. The process of globalization being inevitable, the challenge is how to shift the process to our own advantage. Globalization 5 Background InformationGlobal competition Global competition refers to the competition between one country

4、and another regarding such aspects as politics, economy, culture, etc. all over the globe. However, it refers, in its essence, to the competition concerning science and technology as wellas talents at present.6 Background InformationGlobal competitive economy According to the world Economic Forum, t

5、he US has tumbled further down a global ranking of the worlds most competitive economics, landing at fifth place. Singapore moved up to second place, bumping Sweden down to third. Finland moved up to fourth place, from seventh last year. Germany, Europes economic powerhouse, was sixth, followed by t

6、he Netherlands and Denmark. Japan came in ninth, and Britain was 10th. France was 18th, and Greece, saddled with debt, fell to 90th. China took 26th place, highest among major emerging economies; Brazil was 53rd; India was 56th; and Russia was 66th. 7 Background InformationAbout the Author Jim Malon

7、ey, an English professor in the University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.8Warm-up Questions Directions: Watch the video clip and then discuss the following questions.Do you think that Claudia will be hired? Why or why not?Video watching Watch and check Key9Watch and check Warm-up Questions 10Key to Wa

8、rm-up Questions From the video clip, we can conclude that there are several reasons why Claudia should be hired. First of all, she has gained a great deal of experience about the job she applies for.Secondly, she has tried to acquire as much as practical knowledge in that she has been continuing stu

9、dying the graduate course Marketing in her free time.Last but not the least, she is enthusiastic and energetic, which can also make her qualified for the job. 11Main IdeaThis is a friendly warning to be well-prepared themore, the better and what we can do. I Maloney described his first experience wi

10、th this question. After discussing the problems, he turned the question around Why should I be hired? This made the quesiton more significant. Then he knew how to prepare the right credentials, skills and experiences.12Main IdeaIIStudents need to expect a shift in their careers three or more times.

11、Many find they never work in their chosen fields. Why? Reduced work forces still needed to maintain the same or higher productivity in the Global Market. Or some earning higher pay had to be laid off only to be 13Main Ideareplaced by part time or contract workers for less pay. Some government agenci

12、es have downsized, some from funding cuts. Now graduates need to learn how to fit into this new work world. IIIMany students simply do not look ahead, do not 14Main Ideaprepare for the skills needed by future employers.They trust their programs too much. Prepare yourselfto be desirable to prospectiv

13、e employers by takingextra courses in that field, getting good grades allhelps. Get experience volunteer and think aboutwhat type of people are in your chosen field and learnto do the same. 15Language Points 1.license n c （line 5, para.2） 1) document; an official document giving you permission to ow

14、n or do sth for a period of time ; permit颁发/吊销/暂扣/申请驾驶执照 to grant/revoke/suspend a drivers license为设备颁发出口许可证 to issue an export licence for the equipment16Language Points 2) n u c an agreement with a company or organi- zation giving permission to make, sell or use their product 我完全取得了行医的许可。 I had fu

15、ll license to practice medicine. 这些货物只有经许可才可进口。 The items could only be imported under licence. 17Language Points 3) vt to give official permission for someone to do or produce sth, or for an activity to take place 这家餐馆有酒类销售执照。 This restaurant is licensed to sell alclhol. 药剂师获准开处方配药。 The pharmacist

16、is licensed to dispense drugs.18Language Points 2. pulse n c singular 1) the regular beat that can be felt, for example at your wrist, as your heart pumps blood around your body ; heartbeat 他们经常检查他的呼吸、脉搏和血液。 They made frequent checks on his respiration, pulse and blood. 他脉搏很弱，但心脏还跳着。 His pulse is lo

17、w, but his heart is still active.19Language Points 2) n u the ideas, feelings, or opinions that are most important to a particular group of people or have the greatest influence on them at a particular time 白宫坚持称总统是了解黑人群体的心声的。 The White House insists that the President is in touch with the pulse of

18、the black community. 20Language Points3. sensation n c （line 5, para.2） 1) a feeling that is difficult to describe, caused by a particular event, experience, or memory 漂流会是一种非常惬意的感觉。 Floating can be a very pleasant sensation. 那么多年以后又见到他，是一种不可思议的感觉。 Seeing him again after so many years was a strange

19、sensation. 21Language Points 2) your ability to feel things physically, especially through your sense of touch 太疼了她都失去了知觉。 The pain was so bad that she lost all sensation. 神经损伤导致四肢麻木。 Nerve damage can lead to loss of sensation in the limbs.22Language Points4. previous adj (line 3, para.4）only before

20、 noun having happened or existed before the event, time, or thing that you are talking about now 她前一段婚姻有一个十几岁的女儿。 She has a teenage daughter from a previous marriage. 她索要了一份去年账目的打印件。 She asked for a printout of the previous years accounts.23Language Points 5. a speeding ticket n (line 6, para.4） dri

21、ving offence; a printed note ordering you to pay money because you have done sth illegal while driving or parking your car 拿到超速违章通知单的时候，他很生气。 He was very angry when he got the speeding ticket. 违章停车通知单 a parking ticket24Language Points 2） a printed piece of paper which shows that you have paid to ent

22、er a cinema, travel on a bus, plane etc 音乐会招待券 a complimentary ticket to concert 入场券 admission ticket 双程车票 a round-trip ticket 25Language PointsCATALOGUE6. open-ended adj （line 2, para.5）sth that is does not have a definite answer or definite rules about how it must be done 这是一个开放性的问题。 This is an op

23、en-ended question. 所有线索都未能导致破案，每条线索都使案情扑 朔迷离。 Clues failed to lead to a solution of the crime; all was open-ended.26Language Points7. query n （line 2, para.5） 1) a question, especially one asking for information or expressing a doubt about sth 我们的助理很乐意回答诸位的疑问。 Our assistants will be happy to answer

24、your queries. 若对保险单有疑问，你不妨拨打我们的咨询热线。 If you have a query about your insurance policy, you might as well contact our helpline. 27Language Points 2) a question, especially one asking for information or expressing a doubt about sth. 因为约翰来不来我不肯定,所以我在他的名字旁边打 个问号。Because Im not sure if hes coming, I put a

25、 query against Johns name. 28Language Points 3) vt to express doubt about whether sth. is correct or not 账单上的费用似乎太高了,我们对此表示怀疑。We queried the bill as it seemed too high. 4) written to ask a question “由谁来当队长呢？” 杰克问道。“Who will be leading the team?”queried Jack.29Language Points8. suitability n u （line

26、3, para.5） the degree to which sth or someone has the right qualities for a particular purpose 我们想评估一下他是否适合这项工作。 We tried to assess his suitability for the job. 对这一职位他是否适宜很成问题。 His suitability for the post is open to question.30Language PointsConfusing spellings: rsum / resume / assumersum n （line 4

27、, para.5） a short of summary or account of sb 教授将他讲座的要点作了个提要。The professor gave a rsum of the major points of his lecture. 每一位申请人必须交一份学历简历。 Every applicant must submit a rsum of his education.31Language PointsConfusing spellings: rsum n a short account of ones career and qualifications resume vi&vt

28、to begin again or continue after an interruption 喝过茶后，会议继续进行。 After tea, the meeting resumed. 他重新回到公司做原来的工作。 He resumed his former position with the company.32Language PointsConfusing spellings: rsum / resume / assumeassume vt 1) to think or accept that sth. is true but without having proof of it 普遍

29、认为，紧张系工作过重所致。 It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work. 2) to take or begin to have power or responsibility 法庭承担了这个女孩的福利责任。The court assumed responsibility for the girls welfare.33Language Points9. crucial to adj prep（line 4 , para.5） extremely important, because everything els

30、e depends on it 要实现我们的目标，钱是至关重要的。 Money will be crucial to the accomplishment of our objectives. 这次试验的成功是整个工程的关键所在。 The success of this experiment is crucial to the project as a whole.34Language Points10. pointless adj （line 8 , para.5） worthless or not likely to have any useful result 他向我们提了各种毫无意义的

31、问题来拖延时间。 He asked us all kinds of pointless questions, stalling for time. 我们不了解所有的情况，妄加推测是没有意义的。 We dont know all the circumstances, so it would be pointless to speculate.35Language Points11. turn around v adv（line 8, para. 5） 1) to turn to the opposite direction or order 我把椅子转过来面向火炉。I turned my cha

32、ir around to face the fire. 2) to change sth. from bad to good 采取措施以后，经济有了好转。 Economy has been turned around after some measures had been taken.CATALOGUE36Language Points 12. back up v adv （last line of para. 5）1) to supply evidence to suggest that it is true 从该星系中心收到的无线电信号证实了黑洞理论。 Radio signals rec

33、eived from the galaxys centre back up the black hole theory. 1989年内政部的一份犯罪报告印证了她的观点。 Her views are backed up by a 1989 Home Office report on crime. 37Language Points 2) to make a copy of it which you can use if the original file is damaged or lost 一定要定期备份文件。 Make a point of backing up your files at

34、regular intervals. 当我因为忘了备份把完成的工作弄丢时，真是懊恼 极了。 I get so annoyed when I lose work because Ive forgotten to back it up. 38Language Points 3) to provide support or help for someone or sh 他的雇主给予了他支持。 His employers backed him up.4) the car or other vehicle that you are driving moves back a short distance

35、那辆公共汽车不得不先往后退，然后再掉头。 The bus had to back up and turn around. 39Language Points13. credential n （line 12, para. 5） 1) documents attesting to the truth of certain stated facts 公司的主管正在查验他的资格证书。The manager of the company is examining his credentials. 2) the qualities, training or experience that make yo

36、u suitable to do sth. 他做这项工作完全够格。He has all the credentials for the job.CATALOGUE40Language Points14. take for granted （line 1, para. 6） to expect that someone or sth will always be there when you need them and never think how important or useful they are 不要认为他的帮助是应该的。 Dont take his help for granted

37、. 我们不要认为什么都是理所当然的。 We shouldnt take anything for granted.41Language Points15. downsize vt &vi （line 1, para. 7）a company or orga- nization reduces the number of people it employs in order to reduce costs 美国制造商们一直在缩小他们工厂的规模。 American manufacturing organizations have been downsizing their factories. 销

38、售业绩减少很多，所以他们必须缩小规模。 Sales have decreased so much that they need to downsize.42Language PointsCATALOGUE16. picktake up the slack（line 6, para. 7）to make a system or organization as efficient as possible by making sure that money, space, or people are fully used 如果你交不起学费，你父母能帮忙吗？ If you can not afford

39、 the fare, can your parents picktake up the slack? 由于大型航空公司放弃了乘客较少的路线，一些较小 的飞机正在加紧补位。 As major airlines give up less-traveled routes, smaller planes are picking up the slack.43Language Points slack adj there is not much work or activity 电脑业的淡季 the slack season in computer industry对商品需求的萎缩 the slack

40、demand of the productslacks plural trousers 她从不穿休闲裤。 She never wears slacks. 44Language PointsCATALOGUE17. benefit packages n c plural （line 10, para. 7） extra money or other advantages that you get as part of your job or from insurance that you have 确保酒店的薪资福利水准在市场上具竞争力。 Ensure that salary and benef

41、it packages are competitive with the market. 我们提供一流的福利待遇。 We offer an excellent benefits package.45Language PointsCATALOGUE18. cuts n c plural （line 3 , para. 8）reduction a reduction in the size or amount of sth, especially the amount of money that is spent by a government or company 药品的价格已大幅度下调。 Bi

42、g cuts have been made in the prices of money. 国会强烈反对削减军费开支。 Congress is strongly opposed to cuts in miliatary spending.46Language Points19. nasty a （line 4 , para. 8） 1) dangerous or serious 他的眼神里露出凶光。 He has a nasty look in his eye. 交通事故发生后，他因严重的伤势被当即送往医救 治。 He was sent to hospital for treatment du

43、e to a nasty injury after the traffic accident.47Language Points 2) very bad or unpleasant 她要跟着我，这会我感到十分不快。 I had a nasty feeling that she would follow me. 3) unkind; unfriendly 她听见玛丽在说我的坏话。 She heard Mary making nasty remarks about me. 48Language Points20. brutish adj （ line 4 , para. 8） 1) showing

44、 lack of human sensibility 我无法容忍虐待动物的人。 I cant stand people who are brutish to animals. 2) resembling a breast 他父亲是个蛮横的醉鬼。 His father is a brutish drunken man. 49Language PointsCATALOGUE21. put sth on the correct track （ line 11 , para. 10） to think in a way that is likely to lead to a correct or in

45、correct result 我们有责任帮助他们走上正道。 It is our responsibility to put them on the right track. 生产已经走上轨道。 Production has already been put on the right track. Antonym: on the wrong track50Language Points a detailed description of how sth. is, or should be designed or made22. specification n （line 1, para.11）

46、办公室是按高规格装潢的。 The office was furnished according to a high specification. 设计师并没有提供这辆新型号轿车的技术规格。 The designer did not provide the technical specifications of this new model car.CATALOGUE51Language Pointsspecify vi to give information about what is required or should happen in a certain situation他尚未明确说

47、明自己希望他们采取什么样的行动。 He has not specified what action he would like them to take. 我们应指定会议的时间和地点。 We should specify a time and a place for the meeting. 52Language Points23. prospective a （line 3, para.11） 1) expected to do sth. or to become sth. 他是个有潜力的领导者，能管理这个国家。 He is a prospective leader who is able

48、to control the country. 这篇报道应该对其他潜在的购买者起到警示作用。 The story should act as a warning to other prospective buyers. 53Language Points2) expected to happen soon 他们对即将做出的法律修改忧心忡忡。 They are worried very much about prospective changes in the law. 可能达成的交易的条款 the terms of the prospective deal54Language PointsSy

49、nonyms: anticipated, coming, intended, forthcoming, future, imminent, intended, likely, possible, potential, probableConfusing spelling: prospective adj perspective n a way of thinking about sth; viewpoint 55Language PointsCATALOGUE24. optional adj（line 7, para.11） you do not have to do it or use it

50、, but you can choose to if you want to; not compulsory 性教育对某些家长而言是个敏感领域，因此应该 保持其非强制性。 Sex education is a sensitive area for some parents, and thus it should remain optional. 考试中有些非必答问题。 There are some optional questions in the examination. 56Language Points to add sth. to sth. in order to improve it

51、 or make it more complete25. supplement vt （line 10, para.11） 他在晚上做家教以补充收入。 He supplements his income by giving private lessons in the evenings. 搭配有维生素片的饮食有助于她手术后的康复。 A diet that is supplemented with vitamin pills is helpful to her recovery from the operation.57Language Points 2) a pill that you tak

52、e or a special kind of food that you eat in order to improve your health 我吃含复合维生素和矿物质的营养剂。 I take a multiple vitamin and mineral supplement.3) a separate part of a magazine or newspaper, often dealing with a particular topic 这是一本金融杂志月刊的特别增刊。 This is a special supplement to a monthly financial magazi

53、ne. 58Language Points26. make-over n C U （last but 2nd line of para.11）(the process of ) using again in altering form 老师认为这位女孩需要在性格上做些改造。The teacher thinks that the girl needs a slight personality make-over. 你的工作尚有改进的余地。 There is still room for make-over in your work.59Language Points27. sound out v

54、 adv（line 5, para.13） to try to learn someoneopinions and intentions, often in an indirect way；to feel out 我想就一项工作探探他的口风。 I wanted to sound him out about a job. 他们决定试探一下她对那个项目的兴趣。 They decided to sound out her interest in the project.60Language Points28. complacent aaj （line 6, para.13） pleased with

55、 a situation, especially sth you have achiev- ed, so that you stop trying to improve or change things; self-satisfied 我们决不能因进步变得自满。 We must not become complacent about progress. 他审视着自己的画作，一脸喜色。 There was a complacent look in his face as he examined his placency n the state of being complacent61Langu

56、age Points29. human resources n u（line 5, para.14） or HR, the department in a company that deals with employing, training, and helping people 我们有举世无双的人力资源。 We have unparalleled human resources. 人力资源管理是任何工作特别是家庭工作成功 的关键。 Management of human resources is a key to success in any operation, particularly

57、 a family operation.62Language Points30. pay off v adv（line 7, para.14） 1) to yield a profit or result 他们的努力终于有了回报。 Their greater efforts paid off in the end. 2) to finish paying money owed for sth 我们历经十年的时间还清了抵押借款。 We paid off our mortgage after ten years.63 1. I was no more prepared to be caught s

58、peeding than I was prepared to explain why I should be permanently employed teaching English at a community college.(line 2, para.2)Difficult Sentences 我没有做好超速被抓的思想准备，正如我没有做好让我解释为什么要长期雇用我在一所社区大学教英语的思想准备是一样的。64 2. The question is a significant one, not just because you will encounter it, in some form

59、, as part of a job interview, along with other “open-ended” queries designed to uncover your understanding of the position and of the suitability of your qualification. (line 1, para.5)Difficult Sentences 这是一个重要的问题，不仅仅是因为在工作面试中你会以某种形式遇到它，它还与其他一些已设计好的开放性问题一起来考察你对这个职位的了解程度，考察你对自己的资历是否适合这个职位的了解程度。65 3.

60、In some companies, another consequence of a smaller workforce is the replacement of permanent full-time employees who receive higher salaries and significant benefit packages with part-time or contract workers who are offered lower salaries and few, if any, benefits.(line 7, para.7)Difficult Sentenc