中考英语专题复习专题一名词课课件

1、专题一名词专题一专题一 名词 分析甘肃近3年中考真题可以看出，对名词词义辨析的考查主要为语境辨析。其中主要涉及同类名词语境辨析的考查, 包括地点类、称呼类、身体部位类、物品类、颜色类、国家及地区类、饮食类等名词的辨析。对于此类试题，考生应该按照类别来记忆。此外，有些题可以通过分析语境和逻辑关系确定正确答案。考生做这类题时，首先要掌握足够的词汇量，其次结合生活经验和常识，理解句意，推测语境，最后得出正确答案。甘肃中考常考的同类名词列举如下：类别例词地点类 hometown 家乡；city 城市；farm 农场；school 学校；symbol 象征；hospital 医院； road 道路；ga

2、rdens花园；zoos动物园；shop商店 称呼类teacher 老师；worker 工人；doctor 医生；driver 司机；student学生；king国王；pilot飞行员；waiter服务员；jumper跳高运动员；parents家长；dentist牙医身体部位类(2016省卷22题)eyes眼睛；noses鼻子；mouths嘴巴；fingers手指物品类(2015省卷53题)stamps邮票；novels小说；instruments乐器；magazines杂志1名词词义辨析专题一 名词 分析甘肃近3年中考真题可以看出，对名词词义辨颜色类green绿色；yellow黄色；blue

3、蓝色；orange橘色；red红色；black黑色；white白色；pink粉色；purple紫色；brown棕色 国家及地区类world世界; country/nation国家; Asia亚洲; Europe欧洲; Africa非洲; China中国; America美国; Britain英国；Korea韩国; Russia俄罗斯； France法国； Germany德国； Brazil巴西； India印度； Japan日本饮食类orange juice橘子汁；orange橘子；banana香蕉；apple 苹果；tea茶；coffee咖啡；water水；fish鱼；milk牛奶；lemo

4、n柠檬；bread面包；beef牛肉；potato土豆；tomato西红柿；moon cake 月饼； dumpling饺子；vegetable蔬菜颜色类green绿色；yellow黄色；blue蓝色；ora考点小练1.Im a littlze hungry now. I only drank some this morning. A. bread B. milk C. banana D. noodleB2.The passengers safety mostly depends on the when the plane is flying. A. engineer B. pilot C.

5、programmer D. teacherB3.Kate will arrive in Beijing. We are all at the to pick her up. A. station B. library C. restaurant D. hotelA4.I didnt send an e-mail to Mary because my is broken down. A. clock B. computer C. pen D. bikeB考点小练1.Im a littlze hungry now5.The Chinese saying“A tree cant make a for

6、est”tells us that is very important in a football match. A. ability B. decision C. teamwork D.experience C6.We all want to try something new, but finding the_ to start is always the hardest part. A. idea B. pride C. courage D. progressC7.The charity show was a big _. We have raised much money for Pr

7、oject Hope. A. success B. surprise C. suggestion D. stressA8.The two countries have reached a(n) _to share the latest information about science and technology so that they can develop together. A. achievement B. agreement C. suggestion D. conversationB5.The Chinese saying“A tree ca9.Smoking is not a

8、llowed in this meeting . It is a bad behavior. A. room B. home C. house D. familyA9.Smoking is not allowed in th2名词的数分析甘肃近3年中考真题可以看出，对名词的数主要考查可数名词单数变复数的规则变化和不规则变化。 1.可数名词的复数形式 规则变化表情况构成方法举例一般情况加-sriverriversflowerflowers festivalfestivals以字母s, x, sh, ch等结尾的词加-esboxboxespeachpeacheswishwishes以字母f, fe

9、结尾的词变f, fe为v再加-esleafleaves knifeknives wifewives lifelives加-schiefchiefs2名词的数分析甘肃近3年中考真题可以看出，对名词的数主要考查情况构成方法举例以辅音字母+y结尾的词先变y为i再加-esactivityactivities以辅音字母+o结尾的词若表示有生命的加-estomatotomatoesheroheroes若表示无生命的加-sphotophotos情况构成方法举例以辅音字母+y结尾的词先变y为i再加-esa不规则变化表构成方法举例改a为e型manmen, womanwomen改oo为ee型footfeet在词尾

10、加-renchildchildren单复数形式相同（2017兰州28题）fishfish；sheepsheep；deerdeer；ChineseChinese；JapaneseJapanese常用作复数形式或只有复数形式trousers；glasses；thanks；clothes；goods;chopsticks;people其他特殊形式mousemice巧记口诀名词复数有规律, 一般词尾加-s；辅音字母+y型, 变y为i加-es；ch, sh, s, x真有趣, 全部都加-es；f, fe特殊记，一般字母v来替，-es在后别忘记；字母o来真神奇, 有生命加-es, 没有生命加-s。不规则变

11、化表构成方法举例改a为e型manmen, wom2.常见不可数名词的归纳与用法常见的不可数名词物质名词食物bread面包;meat 肉;cheese 奶酪;milk牛奶;water 水;wine 酒;oil 油自然物体soil土壤;sand 沙子;wood 木头抽象名词情感joy高兴;friendship 友谊;peace 和平学科math数学;geography 地理;physics 物理;chemistry 化学概念population人口;knowledge 知识不可数名词的量的表示不可数名词的多少可用以下词组来表示： a block of一块;a bottle of 一瓶;a grou

12、p of 一群;a pair of 一组/双/对;a piece of一片(张/块);a pile of 一堆。 短语a pair (piece) of+复数名词作主语时，中心词是a pair(piece), 故谓语动词用单数；若是短语two pairs (pieces) of+复数名词作主语，则中心词是two pairs, 故谓语动词用复数。2.常见不可数名词的归纳与用法常见的不可数名词物质食物br单词可数不可数chicken鸡鸡肉exercise练习题锻炼experience经历经验glass玻璃杯玻璃life生命生活paper报纸,文件纸room房间空间time次数,倍数时间wood树林

13、木头,木材常见的不可数名词单词可数不可数chicken鸡鸡肉exercise练习题锻炼考点小练10.My grandma often tells me some interesting (story) before I go to bed.stories11.There used to be many (wolf), but only a few of them remain now.wolves 12.Dont eat too much sugar. Its bad for your (tooth).teeth13.My little sister learned to make two (

14、cake) yesterday.cakes14.I will go to the US for further study in three (month).months考点小练10.My grandma often tells 3名词所有格 分析甘肃近3年中考真题可以看出，对名词所有格在语法与情景对话、任务型完形填空、词汇中考查。 如何判断名词所有格：1.当空格后为名词，且空前为形容词性物主代词时；2.当有两个主语时，注意判断某物是共有还是各自所有。类别构成方法例词有生命的名词在单数名词和不是以-s或-es结尾的复数名词词加sChildrens Day儿童节Lynns friend琳恩的朋友

15、在以-s或-es结尾的单数名词词尾加-s、复数名词词尾加-their bosss car他们老板的车the workers tasks工人的任务3名词所有格 分析甘肃近3年中考真题可以看出，对名词类别构成方法例词有生命的名词表示几个人共同拥有某物时，只需在最后一个人名后加上-s，表示各自所有时，则需在每个人名后都加-s（2015省卷50题）Jim and Toms room 吉姆和汤姆共用的房间Jims and Toms rooms吉姆和汤姆各自的房间无生命的名词时间、距离、世界、国家、城市、机构等在词尾加-s或-todays newspaper今天的报纸ten minutes walk十分钟

16、的步行路其他一般用“of+名词”结构a leg of the table桌子的一条腿the wall of the room房间的墙类别构成方法例词有生命的名词表示几个人共同拥有某物时，只需在类别构成方法例词双重所有格of + -s所有格a friend of her mothers她妈妈的一个朋友of+名词性物主代词a little dog of mine我的一条小狗类别构成方法双重所有格of + -s所有格a friend考点小练15. mothers are waiting for them at the school gate. Tell them to go there at onc

17、e after class. A. Lucy and Lilys B. Lucys and Lilys C. Lucy and Lily D. Lucys and LilyB16.Uncle Wang is an excellent engineer. He is a friend of . A. my father B. my fathers C. my fathers D. my fathersB17. music teacher is Miss Zhang and she is a very beautiful woman. A. Ann and her brother B. Ann a

18、nd her brothers C. Anns and her brother D. Anns and her brothersB考点小练15. 18.There is an MP5 on the desk. Whose is this? It can be my , for she bought one yesterday. A. sister B. sisters C. sisters D. sistersB19.How far is your home from school？ Its about two walk. A. hours B. hours C. hours D. hourB

19、18.There is an MP5 on the des4名词作定语针对名词作定语，考生须掌握以下两种形式结构：1.名词修饰名词（1）作定语的名词一般用单数形式，变复数只需将中心词变为复数形式。 如：country music乡村音乐； girl student girl students女学生。（2）当man和woman作定语时，变复数形式时将中心词及man或woman 都变成复数形式。 如：man driver men drivers男司机； woman teacher women teachers女教师。2.“数词-名词”修饰名词(2015省卷45题，2015兰州45题)（1）“数词-

20、名词单数”形式，可将作定语的名词变为相应的所有格形式。 如：a two-day holiday=two daysholiday两天的假期；a ten-minute walk=ten minutes walk 步行十分钟的路程。（2）“数词-名词单数-形容词”形式。 如：a 15-year-old girl一个十五岁大的女孩； a 10-meter-long bridge一座十米长的桥。4名词作定语针对名词作定语，考生须掌握以下两种形式结构：1.考点小练20.Kate is girl. Shes very happy at school. A. a eighteen year old B. an

21、 eighteen-year-old C. an eighteen-years old D. a eighteen years oldB21.What kind of noodles would you like? . A. Mutton and tomatoes noodles B. Mutton and tomato noodles C. Muttons and tomatoes noodles D. Muttons and tomato noodlesB考点小练20.Kate is g22.We should wear when we play ball games. A. sport

22、shoes B. sport shoe C. sports shoes D. sports shoeC23.This chair is not stable, so it has to be repaired. A. three-leg B. three leg C. three-legs D. third legsA24.There are so many in front of my house. I often pick up apples from them in autumn. A. apple tree B. apples tree C. apples trees D. apple

23、 treesD22.We should wear 5用所给名词的适当形式填空名词加-y（2017省卷79题）luck（幸运） lucky（幸运的）rain（雨水） rainy(多雨的)wind(风) windy(多风的,大风的)cloud(云) cloudy(多云的，阴天的)snow(雪) snowy(多雪的) 名词加-nalnation(国家) national(国家的)education(教育) educational(有教育意义的)tradition(传统) traditional(传统的) 表示肯定意 义的形容词 （2016省卷80题; 2016兰州92题） use(使用) usefu

24、l(有用的，有益的)care(关心，小心) careful(小心的)harm(伤害) harmful(无害的)help(帮助) helpful(有帮助的，有益的) 名词加-less构成 表示否定意义的 形容词use(用处) useless(无用的)care(关心，小心) careless(粗心的)harm(伤害) harmless(无害的)help(帮助) helpless(无助的)名词变形容词规则表5用所给名词的适当形式填空名词加-yluck（幸运） 名词加-ly（2017省卷71题）friend(朋友) friendly(友好的)love(爱) lovely(可爱的)名词加-ousdang

25、er(危险) dangerous(危险的)humor(幽默，诙谐) humorous(有幽默感的，滑稽可笑的)名词加-ishfool(傻瓜) foolish(愚蠢的)Spain(西班牙) Spanish(西班牙的)一些以-ence结尾的名词，把-ence变为ent构成形容词difference(不同) different(不同的)independence(独立) independent(独立的，自主的)silence(沉默，无声) silent(不说话的，沉默的)friend(朋友) friendly(友好考点小练25.Each of us should read an (education) book during the winter cational 26.After the earthquake, hundreds of people became _ (home).homeless27.All of us hope t