复习动词的时态一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时一般过去时

1、复习动词的时态：一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般过去时。 一般现在时（The Present Indefinite Tense）的测试 5 要点：1、表示不受时间限制的客观存在、科学真理、格言等。Water boils at 100 .Twice two is four .The earth goes around the sun .Pride goes before a fall . 骄者必败。One today is worth two tomorrows . 一个今天胜过两个明天。Practice makes perfect . 熟能生巧。Japan lies to the ea

2、st of China .Shanghai stands on the Huangpu River .England and France are separated by the English Channel .2、一般现在时表示经常地或者习惯的动作，常与频度状语 usually , often , sometimes , every morning , always , regularly 以及 at present , these days , nowadays , at the moment 等时间状语连用。Mum doesnt drive as well as Dad . She

3、stops too suddenly and turns quickly .Peter used to work in Geneva , but at present he works in London .The Hunts usually live in Scotland , but at the moment they live in the south .Being middle school students , you do homework every day .3、在口语中，一般现在时往往可和一个表示未来时间的状语连用，表达一个按规定、计划、安排要发生的动作。这种动词是：go

4、, come , fall , arrive , start , begin , meet , stay , take , place , happen 等。When do you start , Mr Green ?This train leaves at 10:00 .Miss Black comes next week . When do they leave for the countryside ? They start next Saturday .A：Is there any meeting today ?B：Yes . It begins at 2:30 in the afte

5、rnoon .4、在时间和条件状语从句中可用一般现在时代替一般将来时。Please let me know when he comes back .I will go to see him if it is fine tomorrow .If he doesnt like it , nor / neither will I.5、在某些以 here , there 开头的句子中用一般现在时表示正发生的动作。Here comes the bus ! 汽车来了！There goes the bell ! 铃响了！ 现在进行时（The Present Continuous Tense）的 7 个测试要

6、点1、现在进行时表示说话时正发生的或者正进行的动作。常与时间状语 now , at the moment 等连用。It is raining hard now . Dont hurry .I am writing a letter . Will you please turn down the radio ?Watch out (当心) ! Its falling .Look ! The clouds are gathering .Look at this picture of a busy railway station . A train is standing at one of the

7、 platforms ready to leave . Some of thepassengers are looking out of the windows watching the late-comers who are hurrying along looking for empty seats .We are busy at the moment . Im selling cigarettes . My father is selling some sweets .2、表示现阶段正在进行而此刻不一定在进行的动作。可和时间状语 now , these days 等连用。She is s

8、tudying law while her brother is studying medicine .Is my daughter working hard in the factory , Manager Wang ?How are you getting along / on with your studies ?I usually get up at eight , but Im getting up at six every day this week .3、表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作。We are going to Rome next week .Mr Black is lea

9、ving for Shanghai in a few days .Are you doing anything special tonight ?4、用在时间和条件状语从句中表达将来正进行的动作。Ill telephone you this afternoon while Im waiting .Ill think about it while you are writing the report .When you are talking with him , take care not to mention this .If you are standing at the corner w

10、hen I pass , Ill give you a lift into town .5、现在进行时和动词 hope , wonder 连用表示婉转的口气。I am hoping youll give me some advice .Im wondering if I may have a word with you .We are wondering if you have any suggestion .6、现在进行时与 always , continually , constantly 等副词连用表示反复或者习惯性的动作，含有说话人的某种感情色彩，如赞扬、遗憾、讨厌、不满等。He is

11、 always asking such easy questions .He is constantly leaving his books about .7、少数动词，如jump , hit , kick , knock , drop 等瞬间动词用进行时比动作的重复或者即将发生。He is knocking at the door .The girls are jumping . 一般现在时和现在进行时的 6 个区别点区别点一：一般现在时表示经常性的动作，而现在进行时表达现在或者现阶段正发生的动作。He studies hard .He is studying hard this term

12、.My watch works perfectly . (经常性)My watch is working perfectly . (短暂性) He lives in Beijing .He is living in Beijing .区别点二：用现在进行时往往带有感情色彩，而用一般现在时只是说明事实。John does fine work at school . （说明事实）John is doing fine at school . （表扬）Now I live in a very pleasant flat . （事实）Now I am living in a very pleasant

13、flat . （满意）现在进行时表达感情色彩时常和always , forever , constantly 等连用。He is always thinking of how he could do more for the poor .She is always changing her clothes .区别点三：一般现在时表示现在发生的动作，现在进行时表示眼前看得见的动作。Boats pass under the bridge .The boat is passing under the bridge .区别点四：一般现在时用来表示永久的情况或者完成的动作，现在进行时表示的暂时或临时性动

14、作。My parents lives in Canada .Im staying with one of my classmates .区别点五：表示知觉、感觉、看法、感情、愿望的动词常不用现在进行时而用一般现在时。如：see , hear , smell , notice , taste , know , think , like , want , wish , have , fit , belong to 。The necklace belongs to Jenny .I hear you want to do business abroad .区别点六：表示问候性的亲切感多用现在进行时。

15、How are you feeling today , Xiao Ming ? I hope you will be well soon .How are they getting along with their work ? 现在完成时（The Present Perfect Tense）的 6 个测试要点1、不带时间状语的现在完成时表示说话之前动作已经完成，而后果和影响至今存在。He has gone to Europe . You cant see him .Has he had his supper ?He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。He has bee

16、n to Beijing .他去过北京。2、带状语的现在完成时表示动作开始于过去并持续到现在，也许还要持续下去的动作或者状态。She has been ill for two weeks . I havent seenhim for many months .She has learnt a lot since she cameto No. 16 Middle School .3、在用 already , yet , before , just , ever , lately , recently 这类副词或者频度副词 often , sometimes , rarely , never ,

17、once , twice , three times 做状语时常用现在完成时。Have you ever listened to foreign music ?This is the second game . Theyve already won a game .He as well as I has seen the film before .We went to have a haircut once a month .4、特别注意由 since , for 引起的时间状语与现在完成时的连用。since 后必须是确定的时间点，而不能是一段时间。Ive known him since we

18、 were children .They havent visited us since 1998.由 for 引起的时间状语中，介词 for 常被省去。Ive studied English (for)a long time .For months he hasnt gone to the movies .5、含下列状语的句子常与现在完成时连用：ever since , in the past two weeks , in the last few years , until now , till now , up to now , up to the present , so far ,

19、for the last few months , over the last few weeks . during the last few centuries 。Up to now , everything has been successful .In the last 50 years China has made great advances in socialist revolution and socialist construction . 6、注意现在完成时不能与非延续性动词连用。如：marry , die , leave , start , join , end 等。但可以

20、借助这些动词的形容词或状态词与现在完成时连用。He has been married to Joan for a year . = He married Joan a year ago .She has been a Party member for two weeks . = She joined the Party two weeks ago .= It is two weeks since she became a Party member . 一般过去时（The Past Indefinite Tense）的 4 个测试要点1、一般过去时表示过去某一时刻或者某一段时间发生的动作或者状态

21、。Last night we went to enjoy a good performance .I usually sleep indoors , but I slept outdoors last summer . How long have you been here ? Only about five minutes . Jane and Simon walked here with me .I cant find the dictionary . Someone put it on the top of the bookshelf .2、表示过去的习惯动作。通常同时间或者频度状语连用

22、。He smoked a lot five years ago .We went to school together when we were boys and so we saw each other every day .The doctor came once a week and examined all who were ill .3、used to do 和 would 常表达过去常干。used to 含有强烈的今昔对比，可以和状态动词连用。而would 不能与状态词连用，句中常用时间状语的暗示。Tom used to eat out every day , but now he

23、 cant afford it .When he was old , he would rise early and take a walk before breakfast .We used to be good friends . (不能用 would)There used to stand a tower at the foot of the hill . (不用 would)4、在句型 “It is time that ；It is about time that ；It is high time that ”后的从句中用一般过去时。在 would rather , would soo

24、ner , had rather , had sooner 后的从句中用一般过去时。It is high time that we went to school .I had rather you came next week .附录资料：不需要的可以自行删除记叙文基础知识（一）记叙文的特点1、概念：以记叙、描写为主要表达方式，以写人记事，写景状物为主要内容的文章。2、分类：A、按样式分：通讯、回忆录、游记、新闻、参观访问记、民间故事。B、记叙内容分：写人、叙事、写景、状物。（二）记叙的要素和人称记叙的要素：时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果。A、时间：一般用时间词表示；也有的间接表示事

25、件的发生时间。B、地点：单一地点，事件在一处发生；还有的事件随情节发展而转换。C、人物：有主要人物和次要人物之分。主要人物往往体现文章的中心思想，次要人物帮助形成完整的情节，并对主要人物起衬托作用。D、起因：指引发事件的原因，一般在开头，也有在后头（倒叙）E、经过：指事件发展的过程，复杂事件的经过往往包含若干阶段，可先概括再综合。F、结果：指事件的结尾，一般也用记叙描写的表达方式，它是事件的一部分。如以抒情议论结尾的不能当作结果。记叙的人称：A、第一人称：以“我”、“我们”的身份叙述。“我”是其中的一个人物，文章记叙的人和事都是“我”的所见、所闻、所想，容易使读者产生真实而亲切的感觉。文中如有

26、心理活动描写必定是“我”的，其他人物的心理活动只能是“我”猜测的，不可直接描写他人的心理活动。B、第二人称：出现在用第一人称或第三人称的叙述中，出于直接抒情的需要。但记叙文通篇一般不采用第二人称。C、第三人称：指作者站在“第三者”的立场上把人物的经历和事件的经过告诉读者。文中每人物都有自己的名字或称谓，没有“我”这个代词。其好处在于人物事件的展开不受时间和空间的限制，有比较广阔的活动范围，便于塑造人物形象和表现文章主题，文中每个人物的心理活动都可描写。（三）记叙的顺序记叙的顺序指记叙文材料安排方式，一般可分为顺叙、倒叙、插叙。1、顺叙：记叙的材料按时间推移、地点转移和事件发展的先后顺序来叙述的

27、方法。用顺叙写的文章、层次、段落和事件发展的过程基本一致，可从时间推移、程序推进、空间转换等标志着手，理清思路。2、倒叙：先把事件的结果写出，或先把后发生的事（或是某个突出的片断或结局）叙述，然后再按事情的发生发展记叙，最后落到结果，使首尾呼应。其注意点：开头一般先写结果，或是由眼前的事物引起回忆；开始追述时，文章一般要用一两句话表明以下要追述以往的事；追述部分仍按时间顺序写。3、插叙：在顺叙过程中插入与中心思想有关的事件。分析插叙要把握两点：一是转入插叙的过渡句。二是由插叙转到顺叙的过渡句，它们衔接要自然、完美。阅读时要注意插叙前后的过渡性文字。插叙的作用是对主要情节或人物描写起补充、衬托的作用。（四）记叙的中心与材料1、记叙的中心：就是作者凭借记人写景，给景状物告诉读者，自己对生活的看法。2、中心的把握：（1）、内容：一是文章所表现的主要内容，二是作者的感受、文章的意义。（2）、方法：抓具体材料: 写人为主的，通过人物的语言、行动，从把握人物的性格特征和思想意义入手；叙事为主的，通过事件的起因、经过与结果进行归纳，从把握文章通过叙写的事件所要说明的道理入手；写