桐高高考英语语法复习(07)动词时态和语态-中学英语语法复习之时态和语态-课件

1、动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态时态和语态的主要考点1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时 态为：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进 行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成进 行、过去将来等。2、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态；主从 句时态呼应问题。3、持续性动词和终止性动词的用法区别。4、及物动词的被动语态。5、系动词的用法特点。6、某些以主动形式表被动意义的动词的用法。时态和语态的主要考点最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般现在every , sometimes,at , on Sunday 现在进行now, 现在完成for, since, so far, ever

2、, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past years, always, recently 一般过去yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now 过去进行this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening when, while 过去完成before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon

3、as 一般将来next, tomorrow, in 过去将来多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般现在every , s1.The Simple Present Tense1) 结构(Active) do;does(Passive) is(am,are) done2) 主要用法：表示经常发生的动作和存在的状态。eg.I often come to school early.eg.There are over 50,000 different characters in Chinese.1.The Simple Present Tense1) 结eg.H

4、e is an engineer. He looks young. 表示主语的特征，性格和能力。表示客观事实，或普遍真理。eg.The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.eg.Practice makes perfect.eg.He is an engineer. He looks在时间，条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。表示按时刻表计划或安排好的动作。（只限于表示起始或移动意义的动词。begin, come, leave, start, arrive, go, etc.eg.Ill tell him about it whe

5、n he returns home.在时间，条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。表示按时刻表计划或eg.I will find out when the train leaves.eg.The plane for San Francisco takes off at three p.m.eg.I will find out when the tr3)与一般现在时连用的时间状语：every day, once a week, often, twice a week, usually, always, seldom, sometimeseg.I go to the the cinema once a w

6、eek.eg.Sometimes we work until twelve oclock.3)与一般现在时连用的时间状语：every day, onc1.I need one more stamp before my collection _.A.has completedB.completesC.has been completedD.is completed1.I need one more stamp before2.Can I help you, sir?Yes. I bought this radio here yesterday, but it _. A. didnt work B

7、. wont workC. cant work D. doesnt work2.Can I help you, sir?A. didn3.-can I join your club?-you can when you_ a bit older.A.get B.will getC.are getting D.will have got3.-can I join your club?-y4.-Do you like the material?-Yes, it _ very soft.A.is feeling B.feltB.feels D.is felt4.-Do you like the mat

8、erial?5.I _ ping pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year.A.will play B.have playedC.played D.play5.I _ ping pong quite wel6.Visitors_ not to touch the exhibits.A.will request B.requestC.are requesting D.are requested6.Visitors_ not to touch tpersuade B. will persuade C. be

9、persuaded D. are persuaded 7.The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _ to eat more fruit and vegetables.persuade B. will pers A. doesnt goB. not to go C. not goingD. dont go8.There are eight tips in Dr Rogers lecture on sleep, and one of them is : to bed early unles

10、s you think it is necessary. A. doesnt goB. not to go8.9.The earth _ round the sun in 365 days.A.moves B.movedC.has moved D.move9.The earth _ round the su1.Do you often clean your room? 2.People speak English in many countries. Is your room often cleaned? English is spoken in many countries.1.Do you

11、 often clean your room2.The Simple Past Tense1)结构(Active) did(Passive) was/were done2)主要用法：表示过去的动作或状态表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作也可用： used to + v. would + v.2.The Simple Past Tense1)结构(Aceg.He used to have two brothers.eg.When he was free, he would go and help others.在条件和时间状语从句中，表示过去将来的动作。eg.I told him I wou

12、ld lend him my bike if Mr. Smith returned it to me the next day. eg.He used to have two brother3)一般过去时常与下列时间状语连用：yesterday, before liberation, in 1960, two years ago, last month, in the past, the other day,etc.eg.I happened to meet him in the street the other day.3)一般过去时常与下列时间状语连用：yesterday, b1.She

13、set out soon after dark _ home an hour later. A.arriving B.to arriveC.having arrivedD.and arrived1.She set out soon after dark 2.Your phone number again?I_quite catch it. Its 9568442.A.didnt B.couldntC.dont D.cant2.Your phone number again?I_ A.promises B.promised C.will promise D.had promised3.-Nanc

14、y is not coming tonight. -But she_!3.-Nancy is not coming tonig4.You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? Im sorry I_anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. A.wasnt saying B.dont sayC.wont say D.didnt say4.You havent said a word abowas leavingB. had le

15、ftC. has left D. left5.- I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday. - Oh, how nice! Do you know when she _ ?was leavingB. had left5.- A. was missing B. had missed C. will miss D. missed6.My mind wasn t on what he was saying so I m afraid I _ half of it.A. was missing B. had mis1.The ti

16、ger in the zoo frightened the little girl. 2.They gave him a medal for his wonderful work. The little girl was frightened by the tighter in the zoo.He was given a medal for his wonderful work.1.The tiger in the zoo frighte3.The Simple Future Tense1)结构(Active) will do (Passive) will be done2)主要用法：表示将

17、来的动作和状态。eg.The farmers will begin to pick apples next Monday.eg.It will be a fine day tomorrow.3.The Simple Future Tense1)结构(表示将来的其他用法：be going to + v.表示打算，准备做的事，或即将发生或肯定要发生的事。eg.How are you going to spend your holidays?eg.Its going to snow.eg.Theres going to be a lot of trouble about this.表示将来的其他用法

18、：be going to + v.表示be about to + v.表示即刻要发生的动作。eg.We are about to leave.*be about to wheneg. I was about to go swimming when luckily our guide saw me and shouted at me “stop!”be about to + v.表示即刻要发生的动作。egbe to + v.表示安排或计划好的动作。eg.A new hospital is to be built in our district.现在进行时表示按计划安排要发生的事。限于某些动词，如

19、：leave, go, come, arrive, start,etc.eg.My uncle is arriving at 3:30p.m. tomorrow.be to + v.表示安排或计划好的动作。eg.A ne3)一般将来时常与下列时间状语连用：tomorrow, next week, in a moment, in the future,etc.eg.-How soon will he be back? -He will be back in two weeks.3)一般将来时常与下列时间状语连用：tomorrow, neA. will never reach B. have ne

20、ver reached C. never reach D. never reached1.Let s keep to the point or we _ any decisions.A. will never reach A. will often see B. often see C. are often seeing D.have often seen2.Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _ advertisements showing happy families A. will often see 2.Turdo you

21、 B. will you C. didnt you D. dont you3.Alice. you feed the bird today, ? But I fed it yesterday. 3.Alice. you feed the bird 4.I _to Las Vegas before you _ back next week.A.am going; come B.shall go; comeC.am going; will comeD.shall go; will come4.I _to Las Vegas before y5.I will go with you as soon

22、as I _ my work.A.will finish B.shall finishC.finish D.have finished5.I will go with you as soon a1.People will laugh at you if you wear that dress. You will be laughed at if you wear that dress.2.They wont hold the meeting until next Friday. The meeting wont be held until next Friday.1.People will l

23、augh at you if 2.The doctor will ask the patient some questions before he gives her medicine. The patient will be asked some questions before she is given the medicine. 2.The doctor will ask the pati4.The Past Future Tense1)结构(Active) would do(Passive) would be done2)用法说明：不能独立使用，通常用在宾语从句中，表示从过去某一点看，

24、在将来发生的动作或存在的状态。4.The Past Future Tense1)结构(Aceg.He told me that he would go to Beijing the next month.eg. At that time I did not know if he would be able to finish the work on time.eg.He told me that he would go5.The Present Continuous Tense表示说话的时刻正在进行的动作。1)结构(Active) is/am/are doing(Passive)is/am/a

25、re being done2)主要用法：5.The Present Continuous TenseWhat are they doing? They are playing in the garden.表示现阶段正在进行的动作,尽管此刻这个动作可能并不在进行。What are they doing? They are Leave, go, come, arrive, start,etc.表示将来发生的动作。限于一些表示起始和移动等意义的动词。例如：eg.The manager is typing his letters these days.eg. He is a teacher of ph

26、ysics, but he is now teaching maths.Leave, go, come, arrive, starteg.The train is arriving soon.eg.They are going abroad for holidays.表示满意，称赞，关切，抱怨，不满等情感。常与always, forever, constantly, continually等词连用。eg.He is always helping people.eg.The train is arriving soon.*现在进行时所表示的动作具有临时性，生动性，非完全性等特点。eg.He is

27、 living in Beijing.eg.He is walking to work because his bicycle is being repaired.*表示知觉，状态，具有，感情类的动词，一般不可用于进行时态。如：*现在进行时所表示的动作具有临时性，生动性，非完全性等特点。know, see, love, remember, like, want, realize, etc.know, see, love, remember, lik6.The Past Continuous Tense1)结构(Active)was/were doing(Passive)was/were bei

28、ng done2.主要用法：表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。6.The Past Continuous Tense1)结eg.What were you doing this time yesterday?eg.I was writing a letter when she came in.表示过去某阶段在进行的暂时性习惯动作。eg.He is a doctor,but at that time he was working in a laboratory.eg.What were you doing this ti表示过去将要发生的动作，但只限于一些表示起始和移动意义的动词。eg.I had

29、 thought that he was coming to see me the next day, but he didnt. 表示过去将要发生的动作，但只限于一些表示起始和移动意义的动eg.When I got there, they were preparing for their trip, as they were leaving that afternoon.表示过去打算实现，但没有实现的动作。eg.I was coming, but my car broke down.eg.When I got there, they were表示刚才的情况。eg.I was asking w

30、hat you thought of it.eg.-Can you give me the right answer?-Sorry,I wasnt listening. Would you please repeat that question?表示刚才的情况。eg.I was asking what 描写故事的背景。eg.One day, we were walking along a road, which went around the foot of the hill.Suddenly, we saw a little girl running quickly towards us.现

31、在进行时,表示未来动作的用法同样适用于过去进行时。描写故事的背景。eg.One day, we were w7.The Present Prefect Tense1)结构(Active)have/has done(Passive)have/has been done2)主要用法：表示发生在过去的动作到现在为止已经完成，或刚刚完成。7.The Present Prefect Tense1)结eg.He has finished reading the book today.eg.There have been great changes in Beijing in the past twenty

32、 years.表示发生在过去的动作一直延续到现在。eg.The conference has lasted for five days.eg.He has finished reading theeg.We have known each other since we were children.表示动作在过去完成，构成主语的经历。eg.I have been to the Great Wall three times.eg.This is the fourth time that I have seen the film. I like it very much.eg.We have kno

33、wn each other si表示动作发生在过去，但对现在的情况产生影响。eg.Thank you. I have had my supper.eg.I have seen the film.在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来完成的动作。（表示这一动作先于另一动作。表示动作发生在过去，但对现在的情况产生影响。eg.Thaneg.I will go and see the exhibition as soon as I have got the recorder repaired.eg.I will lend the book to you when I have finished readin

34、g it.表示一段时间内重复性习惯性动作。eg.I will go and see the exhibeg.I have always walked to work.eg.I have got up early all my life.*瞬间动作的肯定式一般不可与表示一段时间的状语一起用于现在完成时。瞬间动词的否定式可以与表示一段时间状语一起用于现在完成时。eg.I have always walked to woreg.He has come here for two days. eg.He has not come here for two days. 3)现在完成时常与下列时间状语连用：

35、already, notyet, now, today, this month, this year, lately,just eg.He has come here for two dabefore, in resent years, since, for two years, during the past few years, from then on, so far, up to/till noweg.In the past twenty years, great changes have taken place in China.before, in resent years, si

36、nce用于现在完成时的句型 1）It is the first / second time. that结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late. 注意比较 Its time that 结构： It is high time that we went to school.2）This is the that结构，that 从句要用现在完成时. This is the best film that Ive (

37、ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。 用于现在完成时的句型 典型例题(1) - Do you know our town at all? - No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming (2) - Have you _ been to our town before? - No, its the first time I _ here. A. eve

38、n, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）I have received his letter for a month.（对）I havent received his letter for almost a month. BD典型例题(1) - Do you know our t8.The Past Perfect Tense1)结构(Active)had done(Passive)had been done2)用法说明

39、：表示过去某个时间以前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。eg.He had already left when I got there.8.The Past Perfect Tense1)结构(Aeg.They showed us the machine which they had produced.*若句子中含有 before, after, as soon as, until 等连词引导的时间状语从句，通常可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。eg.After he finished the task, he left for the next town.eg.They showed us the m

40、achine 9.The Present Perfect continuous Tense1)结构(Active)have/has been doing(Passive)2)主要用法：表示动作从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到现在，现在这个动作可能刚刚终止，也可能仍然在进行着。9.The Present Perfect continuoeg.We have been listening to the radio for an hour.eg.-You look tired, dont you?-Yes, I have been painting the room. eg.We have been

41、listening to t10.The Past Perfect Continuous Tense1)结构(Active)had been doing(Passive)2)主要用法：表示过去某一时间以前一直在进行的动作。eg.It had been raining for two days. The fields were all under water.10.The Past Perfect Continuouseg.At last they got the telegram they had been expecting.11.时态呼应 主句 从句现在或将来时 任何时态eg.He kno

42、ws what I said.eg.Li Li tells me that shell come.eg.At last they got the telegr 主句 从句 过去时 一般过去或过去进行（表示主从句的动作同时发生）eg.I didnt know you were studying here. 过去完成时（表示从句动作发生在主句动作之前） 主句 从句 eg.He said he had lost his key. 过去时 过去将来时（表示从句动作发生在主句动作之后）eg.He told me he would go to the concert.eg.He said he had l

43、ost his key过去时 现在时（从句表达的是客观真理） 主句 从句eg.The teacher said that the sun rises in the east.eg.Father told me that light travels fast.过去时 现在时（从句表达的*当从句含有某一具体的过去时间状语时，其谓语不用过去完成时。 eg.He told me he was born in 1954.eg.The man said that he joined the army in the year 1964.*当从句含有某一具体的过去时间状语时，其谓语不用过去完成时。-Hi,Tr

44、acy,you look tired-I am tired.I_the living room all day. A.painted B.had painted C.have been painting D.have painted-Hi,Tracy,you look tired20.Shirley_a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it. A.has written B.wrote C.had written D.was writing20.Shirley_a book about Ch

45、.You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? Im sorry I_anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. A. wasn t saying B. don t say C. won t say D. didn t say.You havent said a word abou I wonder why Jenny_us recently. We should have heard from her by now. A. h

46、ash t written B. doesn t writeC. won t write D. hadn t written I wonder why Jenny_us _he sports meet might be put off. Yes,it all depends on the weather. A.Ive been told B.Ive toldC.Im told D.I told_he sports meet might As shethe newspaper,Grannyasleep. A.read; was falling B.was reading; fell C.was

47、reading; was falling D.read; fellAs shethe newspaper,GrannyYou dont need to describe her.I her several times. A.had metB.have metC.met D.meetYou dont need to describe I dont think Jim saw me; heinto space. A.just stared B.was just staring C.has just stared D.had just staredI dont think Jim saw me; h

48、e-my glasses?Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago. A. Do you see B. Had you seenC.Would you see D. Have you seen-my glasses?Helen her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husbandhome. A. has left; comes B. left; had comeC. had left; came D. had left;would comeHelen her keys in the off

49、i -How are you today? -Oh , I _as ill as I do now for a very long time. Adidnt fell B.wasnt feeling Cdont fell D.havent felt -How are you today?25.The reporter said that the UFO _east to west when be saw it. Awas travelling Btravelled Chad been traveling Dwas to travel.25.The reporter said that the

50、I first met Lisa three years ago.She at a radio shop at thetime. has worked was working C. had been working D. had worked I first met Lisa three years -Who is Jerry Cooper? - ? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting. A. Dont you meet him yet B. Hadnt you met him yet C. Didnt you meet him ye

51、t D. Havent you met him yet -Who is Jerry Cooper? The price,but I doubt whether it will remain so.went down B.will go downC.has gone downD.was going downThe price,but I doubt Hey,look where you are going? Oh,Im terribly sorry. A. Im not noticing B. I wasnt noticing C. I havent noticing D.I dont noti

52、cing Hey,look where you are goi状语从句中的时态问题高考题点击：1. - Can I join the club, Dad? - You can when you _ a bit older. (94 N) A. getB. will getC. are gettingD. will have got2. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _. (2001上海) A. have survivedB. are to survive C. would surviveD. w

53、ill survive说明：时间状语从句中没有将来时，需用一般现在时替代一般将来时。说明：条件状语从句中不用将来时，但 be to 结构不属于将来时态形式。AB状语从句中的时态问题说明：时间状语从句中没有将来时，需用一般3. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _ from the university next year. (2002上海) A. will graduateB. will have graduated C. graduatesD. is to graduate4. It _ long befo

54、re we _ the result of the experiment. (2002上海春季) A. will not be, will knowB. is, will know C. will not be, knowD. is, know说明：by the time 引导的是时间状语从句，故不能使用将来时。D选项虽可考虑，但 be to 结构大多用来表示“义务、决定、职责、约定”等，与句意不合。说明：before 引导的是时间状语从句，无将来时，而主句应该用将来时。CC3. He will have learned Englis祈使句中的动词问题高考题点击：1. _ it with me

55、 and Ill see what I can do. (98 N) A. When leftB. LeavingC. If you leaveD. Leave2. _ some of this juice - perhaps youll like it. (2000 北京春季) A. TryingB. TryC. To tryD. Have tried3. _ at the door before entering, please. (01 北京春季) A. knockedB. To knockC. KnockingD. Knock4. _ blood if you can and many

56、 lives will be saved. (2001上海) A. GivingB. GiveC. GivenD. To giveDBDB祈使句中的动词问题DBDB几种时态的替代问题A：一般现在时代替将来时 ： 除了在时间、条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时外，表示现在已安排好的未来事项，行程等活动也用一般现在时来代替将来时。如： The museum opens at ten tomorrow.博物馆明天10点开门。(实际上每天如此。) B：一般现在时代替完成时： 句型 “It is since”代替“It has been since ” It is (= has been) fi

57、ve years since we last met C：一般现在时代替进行时： 在全部倒装句中都用一般现在时代替现在进行时。如： Look, here comes Mr. Li. 几种时态的替代问题时间、条件、程度状语从句中动词的时态在if 、unless等词引导的条件状语从句，when till/until 、as soon as 、the time等词引导的时间状语从句，以及the more the more 结构引导的程度状语从句中，当主句中的动词用一般将来时，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时表示将来时间。时间、条件、程度状语从句中动词的时态在if 、unless等NMET94年 38题I need one more stamp before my collection _. has completed B. completes C. has