海明威及老人与海课件

1、Ernest Hemingway 1899 -1961 Life born in a small town called Oak Park in Illinois near Chicagofather: a successful physician, middle class, love fishing and hunting; mother: music teachera happy childhood; a lover of brutal sports, such as boxing and football in middle schoolThough his father hoped

2、him to be a physician, Hemingway refused to enter university. He chose to be a reporter.During the WWI, he wanted to join the army but was refused because of his poor eyesight. Then Hemingway came to Italy to work as an ambulance driver. He was seriously wounded in the battlefield. The nightmarish w

3、ar experience changed his life.LifeAfter the war, he still worked as a reporter. He was sent to Paris and knew Pound, Gertrude Stein, Sherwood Anderson and some other famous writers who encouraged him to write.He also worked as a war reporter in the Spanish Civil War and the WWII.He is a tough guy w

4、ith rather masculine manner. In all his life, he loved tough games, such as boxing, hunting, deep-sea fishing, bullfight and so on. He was injured many times. In all the operations, 237 steel fragments were taken out from Hemingways body. He also suffered 3 car accidents and 2 air crushes. He was ad

5、mired as a hero by lots of people and his life style was imitated.(9)In 1961, Hemingway shot himself with gun in his home. Conclusion From Hemingways novels a clear developing process can be found. From the lost state at the beginning, he gradually found out the significance of life and the principl

6、es human should hold in a meaningless world. “The Old Man and the Sea” can be taken as a conclusion of his ideas.Common theme of his novels: “grace under pressure”Hemingway heroes: a noble but tragic hero; fighting with the overwhelming force; though he knows that he will be defeated at last, he dec

7、ides to act like a heroBut man is not made for defeat. A man can be destoryed but not defeated. His Writing Code heroEmphasis on Emotion3Iceberg principle12Colloquial style4Iceberg principle“I always try to write on the principle of the iceberg. There is seven-eighths of it underwater for every part

8、 that shows. Anything you know you can eliminate and it only strengthens your iceberg. It is the part that doesnt show. If a writer omits something because he does not know it then there is a hole in the story.”His sentences only give one small bit of the meaning. The rest is implied. One must go ve

9、ry deep beneath the surface to understand the full meaning of his writing. Certainly, there are moments when the reader feels the suggestion of vast meaning beneath Hemingways few, spare words. Iceberg principle“冰山原则”是海明威的创作原则，他坚持认为应该从繁杂的社会生活中撷取最有特征的情节，将自己的思想情感隐藏起来，按照“冰山原则”留下八分之七的空间让读者思考与揣摩。 如永别了，武器

10、的结局，亨利不顾护士的阻拦执意要看妻子的遗容，可是看到妻子遗体时没有一句表述，也没有一滴眼泪，这种无声的诀别实现了不解释而得到解释，疏远与冷淡而实现关怀的目的，达到了“此处无声胜有声”的效果。海明威常通过对形象的刻画，将人物的内心世界隐藏于背后，通过对物质世界的表现让读者去思考，去想象，这种写法虽是寥寥数笔，却是入木三分，将人物的情感深刻地刻画出来，表现出一种不为命运所屈服的硬汉精神。Code Hero (Tough Guy)硬汉形象是出自海明威笔下的独特鲜明的人物形象，他们大都是“硬汉子”：坚韧刚毅、勇敢正直，能忍受苦难与折磨。当今社会凡具有这种性格特征的都被称为“硬汉”。海明威用他的笔将小

11、说中的女人一一处死，男主人公则是“硬汉”，忍受着精神和肉体的伤痛 ，他们不怕失败视死如归。桑提亚哥的名言“人可以被毁灭但不能被打败”，即是这种“硬汉”形象的精神境界。孤高自许，目无下尘。”美国作家索尔贝娄指出海明威的性格：“海明威有着一种强烈的愿望，他试图把自己对事物的看法强加于我们，以便塑造出一种硬汉的形象当他在梦幻中向往胜利时，那就必定会出现完全的胜利、伟大的战斗和圆满的结局。 Emphasis on EmotionHe was interested in conveying a deep emotional feeling. He did have some realistic tech

12、niques, but on the whole he was not like the realistic writers because he was more interested in conveying his personal emotion. And this is the goal of many modernist writers - recreate the feelings of the situation or experience in the reader, arouse an involuntary subjective response. Colloquial

13、style 老人与海中老汉用鱼叉制伏大鱼的情景，作者描述为“老人放下钓索，把鱼叉举得尽可能地高，使出全身的力气，加上他刚才鼓起的力气，把它朝下直扎进鱼身的一边”。在这些描述中作者没有使用任何修饰成分，只是将动词、名词简单组合就描绘出了一场惊心动魄的场面从句式上看，海明威常用简短的陈述句进行语言表述，他认为没有必要用文字修饰雕琢来哗众取宠，只要将事物描述清楚就行，其他的则由读者来决定。Good SentencesIs dominated by their own God,if would like to conquer the world,you must first conquer thems

14、elvesCourage is grace under pressure.The best way to find out if you can trust somebody is to trust them. 中外学人对海明威的评价及纪念文章选读 老人与海是一首田园诗，大海就是大海，不是拜伦式的，不是麦尔维尔式的，好比荷马的手笔；行文又沉着又动人，犹如荷马的诗。真正的艺术家既不象征化，也不寓言化-海明威是一位真正的艺术家-但是任何一部真正的艺术品都能散发出象征和寓言的意味，这一部短小但并不渺小的杰作也是如此。 -美国艺术史家 贝瑞孙人可以失败，但不可以被击败，外在的肉体可以接受折磨，但是内在

15、的意志却是神圣不可侵犯的，这是老人与海一再强调的论点。真正的大师都是用最简单的语言来表达最深刻的道理，真正的好作品都是用生命的历练做题材，老人与海所刻画出来的正是海明威的一辈子最好的画像，正如海明威所说，“我一直读过多遍，每读一次，我就多一份收获，好像我最后得到了我这一生辛苦工作所欲得到的东西”。 -台湾学者 陈人孝海明威的作品把叙事的准确性与简洁性统一起来，但是主题却异常深刻地印在读者的脑海里。老人与海是中国读者中阅读最多的诺贝尔获奖作品，是海明威的经典之作。 -青年作家 李 湃 General InformationThe old man and the sea is a novella

16、by Hemingway.The story is written in Cuba in 1951 and published in 1952.It is a symbolic novel about the old man experienced many difficulties and have a courage to face challengesThe Cuba old fisherman Santiago had gone eight-four days without taking a fish and other fishermen regarded him as a los

17、er, but he had perseverance and finally he caught a big marlin. Unfortunately, the big marlin which he caught was attacked by sharks when he returned home, but he tried his best to struggle with. SummaryFinally, the old man was exhausted by sharks and only to take fish bones to home. He came home ly

18、ing on the bed, had to recover from the dream of the good old days, to forget the cruel reality.老人与海这本小说是根据真人真事写的。第一次世界大战结束后，海明威移居古巴，认识了老渔民格雷戈里奥富恩特斯。1930年，海明威乘的船在暴风雨中沉没，富恩特斯搭救了海明威。从此，海明威与富恩特斯结下了深厚的友谊，并经常一起出海捕鱼。 1936年，富恩特斯出海很远捕到了一条大鱼，但由于这条鱼太大，在海上拖了很长时间，结果在归程中被鲨鱼袭击，回来时大马林鱼只剩下了一副骨架。1936年4月，海明威在乡绅杂志上发表了

19、一篇名为“碧水之上：海湾来信”的散文，其中一段记叙了一位老人独自驾着小船出海捕鱼，捉到一条巨大的大马林鱼，但鱼的大部分被鲨鱼吃掉的故事。当时这件事就给了海明威很深的触动，并觉察到它是很好的小说素材，但却一直也没有机会动笔写它！1950年圣诞节后不久，海明威产生了极强的创作欲，在古巴哈瓦那郊区的别墅“观景社”，他开始动笔写老人与海(起初名为原有的海)。到1951年2月23日就完成了初稿，前后仅用了八周。4月份海明威把手稿送给去古巴访问他的友人们传阅，博得了一致的赞美。海明威本人也认为这是他“这一辈子所能写得最好的一部作品！”基本特色：（1）采取了纵式结构的方式。(2)轮辐式布局（3）缓急相间的节

20、奏感（4）前后照应（5）设置悬念The sea a platform for the old man to display his courage and perseverance.Marlin the symbol of victoryThe sharks the symbol of evil force in the authors world. ManolinThe boy like a mirror reflect the old mans character from another sideSantiagoA stronger who catches the belief to f

21、ight with fate will always stand with his own courage and perseverance, no matter how hard the life is. Although the fate is full of distress, he will never give in. He embodies the great spiritual strength of self-esteem and self-improvement.Santiago is a loser who had win, and is a failed hero. 通过

22、这个故事，我们可以看出老人桑地亚哥坚强、刚毅、勇敢、无畏地面对痛苦和死亡，我们还可以通过老人的内心独白发现老人在困难面前，不胆怯、勇于挑战、自信、自强、决不屈服的硬汉子形象，在和鲨鱼的搏斗中，表现出了无与伦比的力量和勇气，不失人的尊严，是精神上的胜利者。分析人物形象：硬汉子形象硬汉形象是指海明威作品中出现的一系列人物形象。这些人物有拳击师、斗牛士、猎人、渔人等，他们都具有一种百折不挠、坚强不屈的性格，面对暴力和死亡，面对不可改变的命运，都表现出一种从容、镇定的意志力，保持了人的尊严和勇气。 在海明威的创作生涯中，年轻时的海明威笔下的“硬汉”形象是立于不败之地的勇士，反映的是年轻的海明威的朝气和

23、一往无前的进取心，而晚年的海明威笔下的“硬汉”形象，则是饱经沧桑，屡受挫折但又不甘失败的精神上的胜利者。 “人可不是造出来给打垮的，可以消灭一个人，就是打不垮他。”这就是老渔夫桑提亚戈的做人准则和风度。他笔下的桑提亚戈也和作者一样，年青时争强好胜，扳手腕时，为了胜过一位黑人大力士，他使出了全身的力气，终于以顽强的毅力使那黑人成了他的手下败将。到了老年，他便失去了当年的锐气，而且很背运，在海上打鱼时，接连84天打不到一条鱼。但他还要再出海打鱼，他必须证明自己是有技能和勇气的。在第85天，他终于侥幸捕获到一条硕大的马林鱼自然界美好的东西的象征，但却被大群鲨鱼抢夺去了,他进行着无望的搏斗，直到精疲力竭，一败涂地，在和鲨鱼的争夺战中失败了，最后他只能带着一副空空如也的鱼的骨架返回港口。固然老人的结局是悲剧性的，但我们在他的身上感觉不到什么悲观失望的伤感情调。相反却能在他身上看到美好和崇高的东西，能看到鼓舞人们斗志的东西，因为他并没有被鲨鱼的强大所吓倒。在这场不可避免的失败中，他却在风度