2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京体育大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号85

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京体育大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题Why does cream go bad faster than butter? Some researchers think they have the answer, and it comes down to the structure of the food, not its chemical compositiona finding that could help rid some processed foods o

2、f chemical preservatives.Cream and butter contain pretty much the same substances, so why cream should sour much faster has been a mystery. Both are emulsionstiny globules （小球体）of one liquid evenly distributed throughout another. The difference lies in whats in the globules and whats in the surround

3、ing liquid, says Brocklehurst, who led the investigation.In cream, fatty globules drift about in a sea of water. In butter, globules of a watery solution are locked away in a sea of fat. The bacteria which make the food go bad prefer to live in the watery regions of the mixture. “This means that in

4、cream, the bacteria are free to grow throughout the mixture.” He says.When the situation is reversed, the bacteria are locked away in compartments buried deep in the sea of fat. Trapped in this way, individual colonies cannot spread and rapidly run out of nutrients. They also slowly poison themselve

5、s with their waste products. “In butter, you get a self-limiting system which stops the hotelier growing.” Says Brocklehurst.The researchers are already working with food companies keen to see if their products can be made resistant to bacterial attack through alterations to the foods structure. Bro

6、cklehurst believes it will be possible to make the emulsions used in salad cream, for instance, more like that in butter. The key will be to do this while keeping the salad cream liquid and not turning it into a solid lump.1.The significance of Brocklehursts research is that（ ）.2.According to the re

7、searchers, cream sours faster than butter because bacteria（ ）.3.According to Brocklehurst, we can keep cream fresh by（ ）.4.The word colonies refers to（ ）.5.Commercial application of the research finding will be possible if salad cream can be made resistant to bacterial attack（ ）.问题1选项A.it suggested

8、a way to keep some foods fresh without preservativesB.it discovered tiny globules in both cream and butter.C.it revealed the secret of how bacteria multiply in cream and butter.D.it found that cream and butter share the same chemical composition问题2选项A.are more evenly distributed in creamB.multiply m

9、ore easily in cream than in butterC.live on less fat in cream than in butterD.produce less waste in cream than in butter问题3选项A.removing its fatB.killing the bacteriaC.reducing its water contentD.altering its structure问题4选项A.tiny globulesB.bacteria communitiesC.watery regionsD.little compartment问题5选项

10、A.by varying its chemical compositionB.by turning it into a solid humpC.while keeping its structure unchangedD.while retaining its liquid form【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第二段，“Brocklehurst, who led the investigation.”，可知对于为什么奶油比黄油坏的问题的研究是由Brocklehurst主导的。又根据文章第一段，“a finding that coul

11、d help rid some processed foods of chemical preservatives.”，可知对这一问题研究的结果和发现，有助于帮助去除一些加工食品中的化学防腐剂。可判断出Brocklehurst的研究的意义在于提供了一种可以不使用防腐剂而使某些食品保持新鲜的方法。因此选项A符合题意。2.细节事实题。根据文章第三段，“In cream, fatty globules drift about in a sea of water. In butter, globules of a watery solution are locked away in a sea of

12、fat. The bacteria which make the food go bad prefer to live in the watery regions of the mixture.”，可知在奶油中，脂肪球在水中漂浮。在黄油中，水样溶液的小球被锁在脂肪中。而使食物变坏的细菌更喜欢生活在混合物的含水区域。可判断出在奶油中，细菌更容易在这种混合物中生存繁殖，所以奶油会更快变质。因此选项B符合题意。3.细节事实题。根据文章最后一段，“The researchers are already working with food companies keen to see if their p

13、roducts can be made resistant to bacterial attack through alterations to the foods structure.”，可知研究人员已经在与食品公司合作，希望能通过改变食物的结构使其具有抵抗细菌攻击的能力。可判断出研究者Brocklehurst表示，我们可以通过改变食物的结构来使奶油保险，抵抗细菌入侵。因此选项D符合题意。4.词义理解题。根据文章第四段，“When the situation is reversed, the bacteria are locked away in compartments buried de

14、ep in the sea of fat. Trapped in this way, individual colonies cannot spread and rapidly run out of nutrients.”，可知当情况发生逆转时，细菌被锁在深埋在脂肪海洋中的隔间里。根据trapped in this way可判断出，此句是对上一句情况的继续描述，所以非谓语动词的逻辑主语仍然不会改变，这里的colonies和上文的bacteria是同一事物，都为主语。可判断出colonies也是指细菌。因此选项B符合题意。5.细节事实题。根据文章最后一段，“Brocklehurst believ

15、es it will be possible to make the emulsions used in salad cream, for instance, more like that in butter. The key will be to do this while keeping the salad cream liquid and not turning it into a solid lump.”，可知Brocklehurst认为将有可能制造出用于沙拉酱中的乳剂，就像用于黄油的乳剂一样。关键是在保持沙拉酱液体的状态，而不是变成固体块。可判断出如果能使沙拉酱在保持液态的状态下能同

16、时抵抗细菌的侵袭，那么这项研究成果将有可能用于商业用途，所以关键在于是要保持液体状态。因此选项D符合题意。2.单选题W: Would you like me to get you some tea?M: Not now, thanks. Maybe later.Q: What does the man want?问题1选项A.To drink tea in a while.B.To prepare tea himself.C.To get the woman some tea later.D.To drink something else.【答案】A【解析】根据男士的回答“Not now, t

17、hanks. Maybe later.现在不用，谢谢。可能一会儿会需要。”可知A选项一会儿再喝正确。3.单选题Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, （ ）overall consumption is significantly higher than that of women.问题1选项A.whoseB.whichC.thatD.what【答案】A【解析】语法（定语从句）题。分析题目可知，空格处填入的词是引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是beer，跟空格后的overall consumption是所属关系，所以连接词用whose，

18、A选项正确。4.单选题The suggestion that the mayor （ ）the prizes was accepted by everyone.问题1选项A.would presentB.presentC.presentsD.ought to present【答案】B【解析】语法（虚拟语气）题。suggestion 做主语的句子，是虚拟语气的用法，从句用should +动词原型，should可以省略。所以省略should的B选项正确。5.问答题The garden is too small for a swimming pool, (room)【答案】There is no r

19、oom for a swimming pool in the garden.6.单选题Harvard Universitys under-graduate education is being reformed so that it includes some time spent outside the US and more science courses, the US Cable News Network (CNN) has reported. For the first time in 30 years, Harvard is （1）its under-graduate curric

20、ulum. William Kirby, dean of the faculty of arts and sciences, said this（2）what many people had said that Harvards curriculum did not provide enough choice and encourage premature specialization.“Harvard needs to（3）its education for a world where global connections, cross disciplinary research, and

21、science in general are ever more important,” said Kirby.Particularly（4）is the idea that students need to spend time overseas, either in a traditional study-abroad program or over a summer, perhaps doing an internship or research.Students can either find the program themselves or（5）some exchange prog

22、rams offered by the university.“（6）studying Chinese history without leaving the university, students interested in the subject should be spending a semester at a university in China.”It was also recommended that Harvard（7）its required “core curriculum”. The core curriculum was an effort created in 1

23、978 to broaden education by requiring students to choose from a list of courses in several areas of study. Classes often focused on a highly（8）topic and emphasized “ways of knowing”.Under a new plan, the curriculum would be replaced with a set of（9）“Harvard College Courses”，emphasizing knowledge ove

24、r methodology and（10）wider territory. A life sciences course, for example, might combine molecular and evolutionary biology and psychology, rather than focusing on one of those, said Benedict Gross, Harvard College dean.问题1选项A.inspectingB.reviewingC.searchingD.underlying问题2选项A.in accordance withB.in

25、 line withC.in charge ofD.in response to问题3选项A.updateB.upholdC.upsetD.upward问题4选项A.trust-worthyB.note-worthyC.praise-worthyD.reward-worthy问题5选项A.turn outB.turn inC.turn toD.turn over问题6选项A.In spite ofB.As ifC.Let aloneD.Rather than问题7选项A.perishB.destroyC.abolishD.denounce问题8选项A.appropriateB.imaginat

26、iveC.specialD.specific问题9选项A.opticalB.optionalC.oppositeD.optimistic问题10选项A.sparingB.spiralingC.spanningD.sparkling【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C第6题:D第7题:C第8题:D第9题:B第10题:C【解析】（1）动词词义辨析题。A选项inspect “检查，视察”；B选项review “评审，审查，检查”；C选项search “搜索，探究”；D选项underlie “构成的基础”。文章第一句介绍了哈佛大学的研究生教育正在进行改革，包括在美国以外的时间和更

27、多的科学课程，由此可以推断出空格句表示 “哈佛大学正在审议大学本科教育课程”，B选项正确。（2）介词词组辨析题。A选项in accordance with “ 根据，按照”；B选项in line with “符合，与.致”；C选项in charge of “负责，主管”；D选项in response to “对做出反应，作为的回应”。由“哈佛大学对课程进行了审议”和空格后的句意是“很多人认为哈佛大学的课程没有提供足够的选择，鼓励过早的专业化”，空格前是改革的举动，所以两句话的逻辑关系是改革是对问题的回应，所以D选项正确。（3）动词词义辨析题。A选项update “使现代化，更新”；B选项uph

28、old “支持，维护”；C选项upset “搅乱,使烦恼”；D选项upward “向上的，上涨的”。根据上一段的“哈佛大学正进行大学本科教育改革” 可知本句句意是哈佛需要更新它的教育，以适应一个全球联系、跨学科研究和科学越来越重要的世界，A选项“使现代化，更新”正确。（4）形容词词义辨析题。A选项trust-worthy“可靠的，可信赖的”；B选项note-worthy“值得注意的，显著的”；C选项praise-worthy “值得称赞的，可嘉的”；D选项reward-worthy “值得奖励的”。空格所填入的词语修饰空后名词the idea，句意特别是，学生们需要在海外度过一段时间，要么参加

29、传统的海外留学项目，要么度过一个暑假，或许是去实习或做研究。 B选项符合逻辑正确。（5）动词词组辨析题。A选项turn out “出席（某项活动），结果是”；B选项turn in “上交，朝内”；C选项turn to“转向，变成，求助于，开始行动”；D选项turn over “翻转，移交”。原文句子意思是：学生可以自己找相关的课程，也可以大学提供的一些交换项目。C选项“转向，求助于，”符合逻辑。（6）词组辨析题。A选项In spite of “不管，尽管”；B选项As if “好像，似乎”； C选项Let alone “更不用说”；D选项Rather than “而不是”。逗号前句意在校内学习

30、中国历史，逗号后句意对这门学科感兴趣的学生应该在中国的一所大学学习一个学期。两句话的逻辑关系应该是表转折，D选项正确。（7）动词词义辨析题。A选项perish “死亡，毁灭”；B选项destroy “摧毁，破坏”；C选项abolish “废除，废止（法律、制度、习俗等）”；D选项denounce “谴责，指责，告发（某人从事非法政治活动）”。根据下文中最后一段的开头 “Under a new plan, the curriculum would be replaced with.按照新的计划， 这一课程应当替换为”可以确定这个“core curriculum”已经废除，C选项正确。（8）形容词

31、词义辨析题。A选项appropriate “合适的，恰当的”；B选项imaginative “富于想象力的，创新的”；C选项special特殊的，特别的，专用的”；D选项specific “具体的，特定的，独特的”。原句子的意思是课程通常集中在高度主题并强调“认识的方法”。确定D选项正确。（9）形容词词义辨析题。A选项optical “视觉的，光学的”;B选项optional “可选择的，选修的”；C选项opposite “对面的，相反的”；D选项optimistic “乐观的”。根据第62题解析确定这里句意应该是根据一项新计划,课程将被替换为一组可选的“哈佛大学课程”, B选项正确。（10）

32、动词词义辨析题。A选项spare “抽出，留出，免去，饶恕”; B选项spiral “盘旋上升（或下降）”；C选项span“包括（广大地区），涵盖（多项内容），跨越”；D选项sparkle “闪耀，生气勃勃”。空格所填的词应与wider territory更广泛的领域搭配使用，只有C选项可以，所以C选项正确。7.单选题If I had a car of my own, I（ ）it to your sister yesterday.问题1选项A.will lendB.would lendC.should lendD.would have lent【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据yester

33、day可知, 这里是对过去情况的虚拟。从句为had+过去分词, 主句应该用would have+过去分词。所以选项D正确。8.单选题The government made no （ ）in the fight against inflation; indeed the situation has worsened recently.问题1选项A.effectB.headwayC.accomplishmentD.achievement【答案】B【解析】固定搭配题。make no headway为固定搭配，表示“毫无进展，止步不前”，根据空格后下一句句意事实上，最近的情况变得更糟了确定逻辑和句意正

34、确，所以B选项正确。9.问答题Dont touch those wires in any circumstances. (Under)【答案】Dont touch those wires under any circumstances.10.单选题Not until the game had begun （ ）at the sports ground.问题1选项A.had he arrivedB.would he have arrivedC.did he arriveD.should he have arrived【答案】C【解析】语法（倒装结构和时态）题。Not until表示否定意义，位于

35、句首时，主句部分需要部分倒装。从句中的谓语动词had begun为过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词为一般过去时，用来强调从句谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前，所以C选项正确。11.单选题Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is （ ）.问题1选项A.grantedB.impliedC.exaggeratedD.remedied【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析题。A选项grant “（尤指正式地或法律上）同意，准予”；B

36、选项imply “暗示，说明”；C选项exaggerate“夸张，夸大”；D选项remedy “纠正，改进”。根据前一句句意“大部分广播机构认为，对电视的职责是不公平的”，确定and后面的句意应是“并且表示媒介的力量被夸大”。所以C选项正确。12.单选题Its no good （ ）remember grammatical rules. You need to practice what you have learned.问题1选项A.trying toB.try toC.to try toD.tried to【答案】A【解析】考查固定用法。Its no good doing sth. 做.是

37、没用的。所以选项A正确。13.单选题W: Would you mind sending champagne and strawberries to my room at 1 a.m. please?M: Ill try, maam. But on Wednesday the kitchen staff leave at midnight.Q: What is the woman doing?问题1选项A.Asking for help.B.Making a request.C.Making a suggestion.D.Ordering food.【答案】D【解析】对话中，女士需要男士在凌晨1

38、点将香槟和草莓送到她的房间，而男士表示厨房工作人员在周三的午夜时分都下班了。确定D选项订购食物正确。14.单选题You will see this product （ ）wherever you go.问题1选项A.to be advertisedB.advertisedC.advertiseD.advertising【答案】B【解析】语法（分词作后置定语）题。分析题干可知，空格处填入的是定语来修饰this product。而product和advertise是被动关系，所以用表被动的过去分词作后置定语，B选项正确。15.单选题It is well known that when an ind

39、ividual joins a group he tends to accept the groups standards of behavior and thinking. He is expected to behave in accordance with these norms in other words, the group expects him to conform. Many illustrations could be given of this from everyday life, but what is of particular interest to psycho

40、logists is the extent to which peoples judgments and opinions can be changed as a result of group pressure.In a typical experiment, the experimenter asks for volunteers to join a group that is investigating visual perception. The victims are not, therefore, aware of the real purpose of the experimen

41、t. Each volunteer is taken to a room where he finds a group of about seven people who are collaborating with the experimenter. The group is shown a standard card which contains a single line. They are then asked to look at a second card. This has three lines on it. One is obviously longer than the l

42、ine on the first card, one is shorter and one the same length. They have to say which line on the second card is the same length as the line on the standard card. The other members of the group answer first but what the volunteer does not know is that they have been told to pick one of the wrong lin

43、es. The volunteer sees that the other members of the group unanimously choose a line which is obviously not the same length as the one on the standard card.When it is his turn to answer he is faced with the unanimous opinion of the groupall the others have chosen line A but he quite clearly sees lin

44、e B as correct. What will he do? According to Asch, more than half of the victims chosen will change their opinion. What is equally surprising is that, when interviewed about their answers, most explained that they knew the group choice was incorrect but that they yielded to the pressure of the grou

45、p because they thought they must be suffering from an optical illusion.1.Psychologists are interested in （ ）.2.In the experiment, who have been told to pick the wrong line?3.In what circumstances do most people yield to pressure?4.The experiments demonstrate that （ ）.5.The best title of this passage

46、 would be （ ）.问题1选项A.how far group pressure can influence peoples judgmentsB.how to make judgments according to everyday experienceC.how to change peoples judgmentsD.the groups standards of social behavior问题2选项A.The victims.B.The volunteer.C.The experimenter.D.The other members.问题3选项A.When the group

47、 is separated.B.When the group is unanimous.C.When they know they are the victims.D.When they are forced to answer questions.问题4选项A.nearly every individual will behave differently from othersB.group pressure is caused by the interference of the psychologists.C.psychologists wish to change the people

48、s judgments and opinions.D.people will change their ideas under group pressure.问题5选项A.A Typical ExperimentB.Are We Afraid to be DifferentC.The Groups Standards of Behavior and ThinkingD.Dose an Individual Need to Follow a Groups Standards【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段最后一句“what is of

49、particular interest to psychologists is the extent to which peoples judgments and opinions can be changed as a result of group pressure.”心理学家特别感兴趣的是，团体的压力究竟会在多大程度上改变人们的判断和观点。选项A符合原文。2.事实细节题。根据关键词“wrong line”定位到第二段倒数第二句“The other members of the group answer first but what the volunteer does not know

50、is that they have been told to pick one of the wrong lines.”小组的其他成员先回答，但志愿者不知道的是，他们被告知要选错一条线。这里的“they”指的是上句提到的“The other members of the group”，所以选项D正确。3.推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，这个实验中超过一半的被选中的受害者会改变他们的观点。大多数人解释说，他们知道小组的选择是错误的，但他们最终屈服于小组的压力，因为小组的选择是全体一致的。所以选项B正确。4.推理判断题。结合全文内容可知，这个实验实际上是想证明第一段提出的观点“the exte

51、nt to which peoples judgments and opinions can be changed as a result of group pressure.”团体的压力究竟会在多大程度上改变人们的判断和观点。最后得出结论，大多数会在团体压力下改变他们的想法。所以选项D符合原文。5.主旨大意题。文章在第一段提出观点“当一个人加入一个群体时，他往往会接受这个群体的行为和思维标准”，后面通过实验来证明这个观点。选项A和C表述太笼统，相对于选项D，选项B“我们害怕与众不同吗?”这个标题更好。16.单选题（ ）1980 that Voyager transmitted photogr

52、aphs of Saturn to earth.问题1选项A.When it wasB.DuringC.It was inD.That was in【答案】C【解析】语法题。根据题目中的that和句子结构，可判断本句为强调句，强调句句型为：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who，句意：正是在1980年，“旅行者”号向地球传送了土星的照片。因此选项C符合题意。17.问答题Film makers understandably lose much of their interest in the genre, (appeal to)【答案】It is understandable that

53、 the genre doesnt appeal to film makers much.18.单选题The editor-in-chief begs （ ）tomorrows meeting.问题1选项A.to be excused to attendB.to be excused to attendingC.to excuse to attendD.to excuse from attending【答案】A【解析】为了参加明天的会议，主编请求准予离开。固定搭配题。excuse sb. from sth.为固定用法，表示“同意某人不做；免除某人”，根据句意是同意，所以排除因此排除C项和D项。

54、“to attend tomorrows meeting”为不定式短语作目的状语，因此答案选A。19.单选题The dentists confident manner （ ）me that I was in safe hands.问题1选项A.insuredB.assuredC.ensuredD.secured【答案】B【解析】形近词辨析题。insure确保，投保；assure保证，担保；ensure确保，使安全；secure保护，使安全。句意：牙医自信的态度使我确信我是由可靠的医生在诊治。选项A和D不符合句意；选项B assure sb. sth.或assure sb.+that从句，意为使

55、某人确信.，符合句意；选项C发用法为ensure sth. to sb.，所以选项B正确。20.单选题A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American.

56、 There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an o

57、therwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospi

58、tality. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didnt take in

59、the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation.Today there are many charitable organizations that specialized in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the U

60、S, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinneramazing. Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood proper