2022年考研考博-考博英语-宁夏大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号69

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-宁夏大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题At the party we found that the shy girl（ ）her mother all the time.问题1选项A.depending onB.coinciding withC.adheringD.clinging to【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项depending on“取决于，根据”；B选项coinciding with“符合，与一致”；C选项adhering“附着”；D选项clingi

2、ng to“坚持，依靠，依附”。句意：在聚会上我们发现那个害羞的女孩一直（ ）她的母亲。通过判断句意可以得知意思应该是“小女孩很害羞，所以一直挨着妈妈”，只有C选项可以表达这种具象的依靠，因此C选项符合题意。2.单选题By the end of the Spring and Autumn Period slave society was（ ）disintegration.问题1选项A.on the ground ofB.on the top ofC.in the light ofD.on the verge of【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项on the ground of“以为理由，

3、因为”；B选项on the top of“在的顶部，在之上”；C选项in the light of“根据，按照”；D选项on the verge of“濒临于，接近于”。句意：到春秋末年，奴隶社会处于解体的_。这里表示的是奴隶社会濒临解体的边缘，因此D选项符合题意。3.单选题On the coast the weather is（ ）with day after day of hot sunshine, in the mountains however the air cools quickly and until the end of June you can still find snow

4、 on the mountain tops.问题1选项A.funnyB.interestingC.romanticD.fantastic【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项funny“有趣的”，B选项interesting“令人感兴趣的”，C选项romantic“浪漫的”，D选项fantastic“极好的；极出色的”；句中搭配修饰天气，因此应该是“很好的天气”，因此D选项符合题意。句意为：海岸的天气非常好，每天都有炎热的阳光，但是在山上，空气很快就变凉了，直到六月底，山顶上仍然可以看到雪。4.翻译题人们最初是怎样发明文字的现在依然不为人所知。换句话说，语言的起源是个谜。我们所了解的人们与动

5、物不同，他们不知用何种方法发明了一些声音来表达思想和感情、行为和事物，以便能互相交流。后来他们在一些称作字母的符号上达成一致意见，这些字母可以合在一起代表这些声音，而且可以书写。这些声音，无论是以口头还是字母的形式出现，都称作单词。【答案】How did men first learn to invent words? It is still unknown to people; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we suppose is that some early men invented certain

6、sounds, in one way or another, to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to present those sounds, and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether

7、spoken or written in letters, we call words.5.单选题We need someone really（ ）who can organize the office and make it run smoothly.问题1选项A.crucialB.realisticC.essentialD.efficient【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项crucial“重要的，决定性的”；B选项realistic“现实的，现实主义的”；C选项essential“基本的，必要的”；D选项efficient“有效率的，有能力的”。句意：我们需要一个真正（ ）人，他能

8、组织好办公室，使之顺利运作。通过句意可以看出，这个所需要的人应该是“很有效率的”，因此D选项符合题意。6.单选题Ann used to（ ）when we went to the same school. But now she is always on time.问题1选项A.being lateB.lateC.be lateD.getting late【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语。结合题干和选项可知本题考查非谓语，而used to后面要加动词原形表示“过去常常做某事”，因此A、B、D不符合语法规则。句意：我们在同一所学校时，安总是迟到。但是现在她总是很准时。7.单选题The survey

9、found 80 percent of viewers were（ ）by the violent scenes in the film.问题1选项A.eliminatedB.alertedC.offendedD.discouraged【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项eliminated“被淘汰，消除”；B选项alerted“使警觉，警告”；C选项offended“冒犯，生气”；D选项discouraged“使灰心”。句意：调查发现，80%的观众对影片中的暴力镜头感到（ ）。这里表达的含义是“对暴力镜头感到被冒犯（反感）”。因此C选项符合题意。8.单选题He claims that ad

10、vertising today tends to portray women in traditional roles such as cooking or taking care of the baby.问题1选项A.depictB.advocateC.criticizeD.analyze【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“描述，描写”；B选项“呼吁，提倡”；C选项“批评”；D选项“分析”；题干中portray“描述，描画”，句意：他声称，如今的广告倾向于塑造女性扮演传统角色，比如做饭或照顾孩子。因此A选项符合题意。9.单选题The intelligence department was

11、 accused, of failure to（ ）the troops to the possibility of an enemy attack during the weekend.问题1选项A.instructB.warnC.dictateD.alert【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项instruct“指导，通知”；B选项warn“警告（偏向于告诫）”；C选项dictate“命令，口述”；D选项alert“使警觉，警告（更加正式）”。句意：情报部门被指控未能在周末向部队（ ）敌人可能发动袭击的情况。本句的句意是要表达“情报部门没有及时通报让部队警觉”，因此D选项符合题意。10.单

12、选题You must face the fact that in your inmost heart you hate the thought of moving. It is easiest not to leave the rooms where your children passed through their wonderful childhood and annoying teens to a friendly but slightly distant community suddenly.Until, suddenly one day, the distance is absol

13、ute and they are grown up and gone. Then you find yourself living in too large a house, which consumes in its maintenance too much energy and money. When we found ourselves in this situation a few years ago, we determined to move while we still had the strength and before the emotional tentacles（触角）

14、that the old house had wrapped around us became too powerful to be broken. Move while you can! But be sure you really want to, and do not move too often. It is an exhausting process.Your first task is to find a house that will suit you. It must be smaller, quieter, easier to run, and more convenient

15、ly placed for transport. Not so small, though, that it will not elegantly accommodate your largest pieces of furniture, and located not too far from the neighborhood where so many friendships have been built up.At last we found one: a late Victorian cottage, in a street where the houses, all small,

16、range from late 18th to mid 20th century. It was near enough to where we wanted to live. It had no basement, which was a great convenience for aging legs. There were only two floors above ground level: one for ourselves and one where friends, children, and grandchildren could spread themselves when

17、they came to stay. Each floor had two rooms. There was a kitchen on the ground floor, with the bathroom above it.1.The passage concerns buying（ ）.2.The passage implies that grown-up children are（ ）.3.The author decided to move（ ）.4.The author advises people in his own situation（ ）.5.According to the

18、 passage, their new house had（ ）.问题1选项A.a house for a newly married coupleB.a large house for a growing familyC.a better house when people have more money to investD.a smaller house for older people whose children have left home问题2选项A.more friendly to their parents when they are grown upB.distant fr

19、om their parentsC.friendly but not very closeD.annoying问题3选项A.when their house gave them too much work and cost too much to runB.when they grew tired of their houseC.when they suddenly got the strength to do soD.before the house collapsed问题4选项A.to move into a very small houseB.to move somewhere wher

20、e the largest possible pieces of furniture will fitC.not to move too far from the main roadD.to choose somewhere not so noisy问题5选项A.two floorsB.three floorsC.four floorsD.two bathrooms【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。题干问：这篇文章提到买（ ）。D选项“为一个孩子离家的老人买一栋小房子”，定位到倒数第二段，第二句It must be smaller, quiete

21、r, easier to run, and more conveniently placed for transport. （它必须更小，更安静，更容易运行，更方便运输。）我们可以看出来这个房子应该是很小的，并且是给老人住的，因此答案是D。A选项“为一对新人买房子”，B选项“为一个不断壮大的家庭买一个大房子”，C选项“当人们有更多资金时买一栋更好的房子”。2.判断推理题。题干问：文章暗示长大的孩子会（ ）。C选项“更加友好但是不那么亲近”，答案定位到第一段where your children passed through their wonderful childhood and annoy

22、ing teens to a friendly but slightly distant community suddenly.（在这里，你的孩子在一个友好但有点疏远的社区里度过了美好的童年和令人讨厌的少年。）我们可以得出，孩子长大后变得更友好，但是也和父母有了距离，因此答案为C。A选项“在他们长大之后对他们的父母更好”，B选项“和父母会产生距离”，D选项“烦人的”。3.事实细节题。题干问：作者决定搬家（ ）。A选项“当他们的房子带给他们太多的家务并且需要花费很多去打理”，根据题干我们定位到第二段a house, which consumes in its maintenance too mu

23、ch energy and money. （它消耗了太多的精力和金钱来维护。）因此答案为A。B选项“当他们厌倦了他们现在的房子”，C选项“当他们突然有能力去搬家了”，D选项“在房子倒塌之前”。4.事实细节题。题干问：作者建议处于像他这种情况的人（ ）。B选项“搬到能装下最大家具的地方”，定位到第三段Not so small, though, that it will not elegantly accommodate your largest pieces of furniture（不过也不是太小，不能很好地摆放你最大的家具），因此作者建议这样人们搬到一个能放得下自己最大家具的房子，不一定要很

24、小，答案为B。A选项“搬进去一个非常小的房子”，C选项“不要搬到离主路太远的地方”，D选项“选一个不那么吵的地方”。5.事实细节题。题干问：根据原文，这个新房子有（ ）。A选项“两层”，定位到最后一段There were only two floors above ground level（只有地上两层），我们可以得出这个房子只有两层；There was a kitchen on the ground floor, with the bathroom above it.（一楼有一间厨房，上面是浴室。）通过最后一句话我们可以得出，只有一个洗手间，因此答案为A。B选项“三层”，C选项“四层”，D选

25、项“两个卫生间”。11.单选题In the summer of 1978 an English farmer named Ian Stevens was driving his tractor through a field of wheat when he discovered something strange. Some of his wheat was lying flat on the ground. The flattened wheat formed a circle about six meters across. Around this circle were four sm

26、aller circles of flattened wheat. In the following years more and more similar circles were found in a field of wheat or corn. So people cannot help but ask the question: What causes the circles?At first, people suspected that the circles were a trick. To prove that the circles were a trick people t

27、ried to copy them: they tried to make circles exactly like the ones the farmers had found. They couldnt do it. They couldnt enter a field of grain without leaving tracks, and they couldnt flatten the grain without breaking it. The circles are apparently not a trick. Many people believe that beings f

28、rom outer space are making the circles. Some think that the beings are trying to communicate with us from far away and that the circles are messages from them. Others believe that the beings have actually landed on earth and that the circles are mark left by their spaceships. Several times people re

29、ported seeing strange flying objects near field, where circles later appeared.Scientists say theyre not sure what causes them. They have suggested several theories. For example, some scientists say that “microbursts” of wind created the circles. A microburst is a downward rush of cool air the same d

30、ownward rush of air that sometimes causes an airplane to crash. Others scientists say that forces within the earth cause the circles to appear. But circles often appear in forms. It is hard to believe that any natural force could create those forms. And recently farmers have discovered not only circ

31、les but also other shapes such as triangles in their fields. Could any natural force created a perfect triangle in a field of grain?In the summer of 1990 some scientists spent three weeks in the part of England where many circles have appeared. They had all the latest high-tech equipment. This equip

32、ment worth 1.8 million dollars recorded nothing. But one night, as the scientists were watching a field circles formed in the field behind them. These circles are shown in the photograph. The scientists had neither seen nor heard anything.1.What causes the circles?2.The thing that proves that the ci

33、rcles were not a trick is that（ ）.3.The circles mean（ ）.4.The only thing for the scientists to be happy about in the summer of 1990 is possibly（ ）.5.A proper title for this passage is（ ）.问题1选项A.TeenagersB.FarmersC.Flying objectsD.None of the above问题2选项A.two men said they made the circles themselvesB

34、.farmers were making the circles to attract touristsC.people cannot copy the circles without leaving marks or breaking the grainD.scientists suggest theories that support the idea that circles were made by natural forces问题3选项A.that beings from outer space are trying to communicate with human beingsB

35、.that beings from outer space have visited the earthC.that there do exist strange flying objectsD.none of the above问题4选项A.that they discovered how the circles were madeB.that they saw the circles with the help of the latest high-tech equipmentC.that they were able to show the circles in a photograph

36、D.none of the above问题5选项A.An Unsolved MysteryB.Strange Flying ObjectsC.The Power of Natural ForcesD.The Discovery of Strange Circles【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。题干问什么东西导致了这些圈圈？我们定位到倒数第二段的第一句话Scientists say theyre not sure what causes them.（科学家表示，他们不确定是什么导致了这种情况。）从这句话我们可以得出，科学家们目前也并不知道是什么

37、导致了这些怪圈，其他的都只是猜测，因此答案为D；A选项“青少年”，B选项“农民”，C选项“飞行物”，这些都是人们的猜测。2.事实细节题。题干问是什么证实了这些圈圈并不是一个恶作剧？根据第二段第一句话At first, people suspected that the circles were a trick. To prove that the circles were a trick people tried to copy them（起初，人们怀疑这些圆圈是骗人的。为了证明这些圆圈是骗人的，人们试图模仿它们）我们可以得出答案是C选项。A选项“两个男人说是他们制造了这个圈”，B选项“农民们

38、做了这个圈去吸引游客”，D选项“科学家认为理论支持这些圈是由自然力量完成的”。3.事实细节题。A选项“这些圆圈意味着来自外太空的生物正试图与人类交流”，B选项“这些圆圈意味着来自外太空的生物已经访问过地球”，C选项“这些圆圈意味着确实存在奇怪的飞行物”，D选项“以上都不对”；题干问这些圈圈意味着什么。根据题干我们可以定位到第二段，第二段说了Many people believe that beings from outer space are making the circles. Some think that the beings are trying to communicate wit

39、h us from far away and that the circles are messages from them. Others believe that the beings have actually landed on earth and that the circles are mark left by their spaceships.（许多人相信是外太空的生物制造了这些圆圈。一些人认为外太空的生物试图与我们交流，而这些圆圈是他们的信息。其他人相信存在实际上已经登陆地球的生物和圆圈是他们的宇宙飞船留下的印记。）但是这些都是人们的推测，目前科学家并没有给出明确的结论，因此A

40、、B、C都不对，答案为D。4.判断推理题。题干问科学家们在1990年夏天唯一感到高兴的事情可能是？C选项“他们能够在照片上显示圆圈”，根据题干我们定位到倒数第一段的倒数第二句话：These circles are shown in the photograph.（这些圆圈如照片所示。）可以得出，他们开心的事是C，他们能够在照片上显示圆圈。A选项“他们发现了这些圆圈是如何形成的”，B选项“他们借助最新的高科技设备看到了这些圆圈”，D选项“以上都不对”。5.文章标题题。题干让我们给文章找一个合适的标题。A选项“一个未解之谜”，B选项“奇怪的飞行物”，C选项“自然的力量”，D“奇怪的圈圈的发现”，根

41、据全文我们知道，这个怪圈的谜底我们到目前都没有解开，因此它是一个未解之谜，D选项过于浅显，不能总结全文的含义，因此答案为A。12.单选题The long-term fortunes of the modern economy depend in part on the strength and sustainability of the family, both in relation to fertility trends and to marriage trends. This basic, but often overlooked, principle is now at work in

42、 the current global economic crisis.The decline of marriage and fertility is one factor in the global economic crisis. That is, one reason that some of the, worlds leading economiesfrom Japan to Italy to Spain to the Euro zone as a wholeare facing fiscal challenges is that their fertility rates have

43、 been below replacement levels (2.1 children per woman) for decades. Persistent sub-replacement fertility eventually translates into fewer workers relative to retirees, which puts tremendous strains on public offers and the economy as a whole. Indeed, one recent study finds that almost half the rece

44、nt run-up in public debt in the West can be attributed to rapid aging over the last decades.Even China may see its sky-high growth “come down to earth in the next few decades as its work force shrinks” because of its one-child policy, as Carlos Cavalle and I argues in a recent reportThe Sustainable

45、Demographic Dividend. By contrast, a recent Rand study suggests that India will have more favorable demographics than China over the next few decades, insofar as its work force is poised to grow. In fact, the Rand study suggests that India may be able to use this demographic advantage to outpace Chi

46、nas economic growth rates by the end of the century. Finally, its not just fertility that matters, its also marriage. At least in the west, children are more likely to acquire the human and social capital they need to thrive in the modern economy when they are raised in an intact, married family. In

47、 the U.S., for instance, children are more likely to graduate from high school, complete college and be gainfully employed as young adults if they were raised in an intact, married family.And around the globe, men are more likely to give their work their fullest effort and attention when they are ma

48、rried; this is one reason men worldwide enjoy “marriage premium” in their income, ranging from about 14 percent (Mexico) to 19 percent (United States) to 35 percent (Russia). So, at least when it comes to men research suggests that marriage has important implications for worker productivity.The bott

49、om-line message is that what happens in the home does not stay at home rather, the size of families, and their stability and quality, has important implication for the health of the global economy.1.The main idea of this passage is that（ ）.2.One reason that the worlds leading economies are facing fi

50、scal challenges is that（ ）.3.“.its work force is poised to grow” (Para. 3) probably means（ ）.4.From the passage we know that（ ）.5.According to the passage, all the following can affect economy EXCEPT（ ）.问题1选项A.暂缺B.both marriage and fertility affect a countrys economyC.marriage has important implicat

51、ions for worker productivityD.India will outpace Chinas economic growth rate by the end of the century问题2选项A.there is a global economic crisis in recent yearsB.there are fewer babies, and consequently, people spend less on many commoditiesC.people in these countries have fewer children than needed t

52、o replace the population for many yearsD.there are tremendous strains on public coffers and the economy as a whole问题3选项A.its work force pauses to growB.its work force continues to grow fastC.its work force continues to grow steadilyD.its work force grows slowly问题4选项A.children from an intact, married

53、 family are more likely to have a better lifeB.the more people a country has, the stronger economy it will haveC.the health of the global economy depends entirely on individual familiesD.men are likely to work harder when they are going to have children问题5选项A.the size of familiesB.the stability of f

54、amiliesC.the quality of familiesD.men and women ratio within the families【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。在第二段的第一句话The decline of marriage and fertility is one factor in the global economic crisis.（婚姻和生育率的下降是全球经济危机的一个因素。）之后的段落也是就这一点进行了具体阐释，因此B选项“婚姻和生育都会影响一个国家的经济”正确。C选项“婚姻对工人的生产力有重要的影响”，与原文不符

55、；D选项“到本世纪末，印度的经济增长率将超过中国”，在原文的第三段In fact, the Rand study suggests that India may be able to use this demographic advantage to outpace Chinas economic growth rates by the end of the century. （事实上，兰德公司的研究表明，到本世纪末，印度可能会利用这一人口优势超过中国的经济增长速度。）确实有提到，但是并不是文章的主旨。2.推理判断题。根据题干定位到第二段That is, one reason that som

56、e of the, worlds leading economiesfrom Japan to Italy to Spain to the Euro zone as a wholeare facing fiscal challenges is that their fertility rates have been below replacement levels (2.1 children per woman) for decades. （世界主要经济体从日本到意大利，西班牙对欧元区作为一个整体所面临的财政挑战的是，他们的生育率已经低于人口更替水平（平均每个妇女生育2.1个孩子）几十年了。）

57、因此C选项“这些国家的人生育的孩子比替换人口所需的要少的事情持续了多年”正确。A选项“近年来，全球出现了经济危机”，文章没有说这是原因之一；B选项“婴儿越来越少，因此，人们在许多商品上花的钱越来越少”，文章没有提出这个观点；D选项“国库和整个经济都承受着巨大的压力”这也不是财政面临问题的原因。3.语义推测题。首先定位到句子后面说By contrast, a recent Rand study suggests that India will have more favorable demographics than China over the next few decades, insofa

58、r as its work force is poised to grow.（相比之下，兰德公司（Rand）最近的一项研究表明，在未来几十年里，印度的人口结构将比中国更有利，因为它的劳动力将继续增长。）根据句子说印度的人口结构更加有利，可以知道他们的劳动力将会继续稳步上升，因此C选项“劳动力持续稳定增长”正确。A选项“它的劳动力暂停增长”不合题意；B选项“它的劳动力继续快速增长”快速是没有提到的；D选项“它的劳动力增长缓慢”与原文不符。4.判断推理题。定位到倒数第三段In the U.S., for instance, children are more likely to graduate

59、from high school, complete college and be gainfully employed as young adults if they were raised in an intact, married family.（例如，在美国，如果孩子在一个完整的已婚家庭中长大，他们更有可能从高中毕业，完成大学学业，并在年轻时获得有收入的工作。）因此A选项“来自完整的已婚家庭的孩子更有可能拥有更好的生活”正确。B选项“一个国家的人口越多，它的经济就会越强”，不符合题意，是要人口结构更好，才会经济发展更快；C选项“全球经济的健康完全取决于单个家庭”，绝对化表达，并且不符合

60、题意；D选项“男人在要孩子的时候可能会更努力工作”，与原文不符，原文是说的“婚后”，并不是“要孩子的时候”。5.判断推理题。根据题干和选项定位到最后一段The bottom-line message is that what happens in the home does not stay at home rather, the size of families, and their stability and quality, has important implication for the health of the global economy.（最重要的信息是，家庭的规模、家庭的稳