2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北工业大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号1

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北工业大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题130 years later, this single wall still stands here in mute（ ）to the Revolution of Paris Commune in 1873.问题1选项A.testimonyB.memoryC.tributeD.evidence【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。testimony “证词；证据”; memory“记忆；内存”；tribute “致敬；悼念”；

2、evidence “证据；证明”。句意：130年后，这面墙仍然站在那里默默见证1873年的巴黎公社革命。选项A符合题意。2.单选题The cheerful, lively melody of dance music（ ）almost all the weary soldiers.问题1选项A.drainedB.divertedC.renewedD.revived【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。drain “喝光，排水，流干”；divert “转移；使转向”；renew “使更新；续借”；revive “使复兴；使苏醒”。句意：这支充满活力的欢快舞曲使那位筋疲力尽的士兵振奋起来。选项D符合题

3、意。3.翻译题Translate the following passage into English.腾讯新闻制作的一段视频刻画了中国人职场焦虑的根源：财务烦恼，人际关系，还有 没完没了的加班。这段视频包括了中国职场压力的事实和数据，但聚焦的却是个体的故事： 一个认为自己永远也买不起房子的26岁青年和一个梦想移民的下级白领。中国越来越把自 己的焦虑和梦想当成个人的事情，而不是集体的问题。文章认为，随着中国增长放缓，民族复兴用官方的话来说就是中国梦与普通中国人的希望和恐惧发生冲突，导致进一步的认知失调。国家媒体和政府机构继续关注官方取得的成就和经济发展等正面消息，大多数中国人却越来越关心食品安

4、全、商品质量和医药安全等问题。【答案】A piece of video produced by Tencent News portrays the root of workplace anxiety in China, namely, financial worries, interpersonal relationship, and endless overwork. This video contains the fact and data of workplace stress in China, but focuses on individuals story: a 26-year-o

5、ld young man who thinks he cannot afford a house, and a subordinate white-collar who has dreams. China is increasingly taking its anxiety and dream as an individual matter, not a collective one.This paper believes that as the growth slows, national rejuvenation, officially named Chinese dream confli

6、cts with the publics hope and fear, which will lead to further cognitive dissonance. The state media and government agencies keep focusing on officials achievements, economic development and other positive news, while most Chinese people pay more attention to food safety, goods quality and medical s

7、afety and so on. 4.单选题（ ）the most of any advice which you can get from the interviewer and follow up suggestions for improving your presentation and qualifications.问题1选项A.TakeB.KeepC.HaveD.Make【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。make the most of “最大限度地利用”。句意：最大限度地利用并且听从面试官给的建议来提高你的陈述方式和素养。选项D符合题意。5.单选题Over-taxation, ma

8、ny argue, impedes initiative, so that government income may actually（ ）.问题1选项A.mushroomB.capsizeC.shrinkD.dispel【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。mushroom “迅速增加；迅速生长”；capsize “倾覆； 翻覆”；shrink “收缩；畏缩”；dispel驱逐；消除（烦恼等）”。句意：很多人认为税收过重会打击进取心，因而政府的收入可能会减少。选项C符合题意。6.单选题The extra cost of travelling to work is（ ） by the lowe

9、r price of houses here.问题1选项A.compensatedB.mendedC.offsetD.covered【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。compensate “补偿”；mend “修改”；offset “抵消，补偿”；cover “掩蔽，遮盖”。句意：这些廉价的房价抵消了那些去远处上班的费用。选项C符合题意。7.单选题Manfred（ ）with sure that nine out of ten gentlemen who danced with this charming young lady would fall in love with her.问题1选

10、项A.alludeB.adduceC.averredD.advert【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。allude “暗指”；adduce “举出；引证”；aver “断言；主张”；advert “引起注意，提及”。句意：曼弗雷德断言跟这位充满魅力的女士跳舞的男士中，十分之九爱上了她。选项C符合题意。8.单选题Research should continue on controlled nuclear fusion, but no energy program should be premised on its existence until it has proved practical.

11、问题1选项A.focusedB.concentratedC.agreedD.based【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们应该继续核聚变研究，但是不能把能量项目建立在它存在的.，除非证明它的可行性。focus “集中，聚焦”；concentrate “集中（注意力）”；agree “同意”； base “以为基础”。根据后文的“on its existence”可推测出划线单词premise的意思是“以为前提”，选项D符合题意。9.单选题Peter became angry and said that （ ）.问题1选项A.he was tried to listen to them

12、B.the listening to them was tired for himC.he was tiring listening to themD.he was tired of listening to them【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。be tired of doing sth. “厌烦做某事”。句意：皮特很生气，说他很讨厌听他们讲话。选项D符合题意。10.单选题After the demonstration the protestors（ ）quietly.问题1选项A.dismissedB.diffusedC.dispatchedD.dispersed【答案】A【解析】考查动

13、词词义辨析。dismiss “解散；解雇”；diffuse “扩散；传播”；dispatch “派遣；分派”；disperse “分散；传播”。句意：游行结束后抗议者悄悄解散了。选项A符合题意。11.单选题Revolutions are often caused when the legitimacy of a government is questioned by the people.问题1选项A.validityB.effectivenessC.bureaucracyD.prejudice【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当政府的受到人民的质疑时，革命事件就会爆发。validit

14、y“（法律上的）有效，合法性”；effectiveness“有效”；bureaucracy “官僚主义；prejudice “偏见”。根据“of a government”可以推测出划线单词的意思是“合法性”，选项A符合题意。12.单选题A weather map is an important tool for geographers. A succession of three or four maps presents a continuous picture of weather changes. Weather forecasters are able to determine th

15、e speed of air masses and fronts; to determine whether an individual pressure area is deepening or becoming shallow and whether a front is increasing or decreasing in intensity. They are also able to determine whether an air mass is retaining its original characteristics or taking on those of the su

16、rface over which it is moving. Thus, a most significant function of the map is to reveal a synoptic picture of conditions in the atmosphere at a given time.All students of geography should be able to interpret a weather map accurately. Weather maps contain an enormous amount of information about wea

17、ther conditions existing at the time of observation over a large geographical area. They reveal in a few minutes what otherwise would take hours to describe. The United States Weather Bureau issues information about approaching storms, floods, frosts, droughts, and all climatic conditions in general

18、. Twice a month it issues a 30-day “outlook” which is a rough guide to weather conditions likely to occur over broad areas of the United States. These 30-day outlooks are based upon an analysis of the upper air level which often set the stage for the development of air masses, fronts and storms.Cons

19、iderable effort is being exerted today to achieve more accurate weather predictions. With the use of electronic instruments and earth satellites, enormous gains have taken place recently in identifying and tracking storms over regions which have but few meteorological stations. Extensive experiments

20、 are also in progress for weather modification studies.1.One characteristic of weather maps NOT mentioned by the author in this passage is（ ）.2.The 30-day forecast is determined by examining（ ）.3.The observation of weather conditions by satellites is advantageous because it（ ）.4.At the present time,

21、 experiments are being conducted in（ ）.5.A weather map is synoptic because it（ ）.问题1选项A.frontsB.changes in temperatureC.frostD.wind speed问题2选项A.daily weather mapsB.upper air levelsC.satellite reportsD.changing fronts问题3选项A.is modern and profitable for the companies involvedB.uses electronic instrume

22、nts to measure the weather on a daily basisC.enables man to easily alter the weather to his advantage and profitD.gives the scientists information not obtained readily otherwise问题4选项A.manipulating weatherB.determining density of pressure groupsC.satellitesD.controlling storms问题5选项A.summarizes a grea

23、t deal of informationB.appears dailyC.shows changing frontsD.can be interpreted accurately【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。题目问的是“以下选项中哪个没在文章中被提到？”文章第一段提到“天气预报员可以确定气团和气锋”（Weather forecasters are able to determine the speed of air masses and fronts.）；文章第二段提到“美国国家气象局通常发布有关即将到来的暴风雨、洪水、霜冻、干旱和所有

24、气候情况的信息”（he United States Weather Bureau issues information about approaching storms, floods, frosts, droughts, and all climatic conditions in general），由此可知，只有选项B没有被提及，符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。题目问的是“30天的预报是由什么决定的？”文章第二段最后一句话提到“这三十天的天气预报建立在对上层空气分析的基础上，而上层空气经常为气团、气锋和暴风雨的发展创造条件”（These 30-day outlooks are based u

25、pon an analysis of the upper air level which often set the stage for the development of air masses, fronts and storms），由此可知选项B“上层空气”符合题意。第3题:推理判断题。题目问的是“卫星来观测天气的优势是什么？”文章最后一段提到“通过电子仪器和地球卫星，人们近年来在识别和跟踪仅有少量气象站的地区的暴风雨方面取得了很大的收获”（With the use of electronic instruments and earth satellites, enormous gain

26、s have taken place recently in identifying and tracking storms over regions which have but few meteorological stations），选项D“提供给科学家们在其他方面不容易获得的信息”符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。题目问的是“实验正在哪些方面操作？”文章最后一段最后一句话提到“大量实验正在为了气象改造而被进行着”（Extensive experiments are also in progress for weather modification studies），因此选项A“操纵天气”符

27、合题意。第5题:细节事实题。题目问的是“为什么说气象图是气象学？”文章第二段提到“气象图包含着大量关于天气情况的信息，这些天气情况在观察时间存在于一个大的地理区域上”（Weather maps contain an enormous amount of information about weather conditions existing at the time of observation over a large geographical area），选项A “包含很多信息”符合题意。13.单选题When the opposing player fouled John, John le

28、t his anger（ ）his good sense and hit the boy back.问题1选项A.got the feel ofB.got the hang ofC.got the better ofD.got the worst of【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。get the feel of “开始熟谙；习惯于”；get the hang of “得知的窍门”；get the better of “打败；战胜”；get the worst of “失利；遭到失败”。句意：当对方球员对约翰犯规时，约翰让自己的愤怒战胜了自己的理智，他回击了那个男孩。选项C符合题意。14.单选

29、题The assassin hid himself carefully from view before（ ）his future victim.问题1选项A.drawing fromB.drawing upC.drawing withD.drawing on【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。draw from “从中得到”；draw up “起草；停住”；draw with “追上”；draw on “利用；吸收；临近”。句意：在靠近自己未来的目标前，那个杀手小心地隐藏自己。选项D符合题意。15.单选题Chinese often shake my hand and dont let go. T

30、hey talk away contentedly, （ ）of my discomfort and struggle to disengage my hand.问题1选项A.obliviousB.patentC.obviousD.pernicious【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。oblivious “不知道的；未觉察到的”；patent “专利的；显然的”；obvious “明显的；显著的”；pernicious “有害的；恶性的。句意：中国人经常握住我的手不放。他们非常满意地交流，没有察觉到我的不舒服和试图解开自己的手。选项A符合题意。16.单选题Heavy rainfall in

31、 the south of England means that flooding is（ ）.问题1选项A.imminentB.momentousC.transientD.prospective【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。imminent “即将发生的；迫近的”；momentous “重要的；重大的”；transient “短暂的；路过的”；prospective “未来的；预期的”。句意：英格兰南部的暴雨意味着即将有洪水发生。选项A符合题意。17.单选题Practitioners of law and medicine are esteemed in many countries

32、 which seems to indicate that （ ）depends on profession or title.问题1选项A.prestigeB.superiorityC.privilegeD.merit【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。prestige “声望；声誉”；superiority “优越；优越性”；privilege “特权；优待”；merit “优点；价值”。句意：法律和医生从业者在许多国家都受到尊敬，这似乎说明声望取决于职业和头衔。选项A符合题意。18.单选题You will only be allowed to leave early in（ ）circu

33、mstances.问题1选项A.exceptionalB.coincidentalC.peculiarD.imperative【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。exceptional “特殊的；例外的”；coincidental “巧合的”；peculiar “不寻常的；特有的；古怪的”；imperative “紧急的；不可避免的；必要的”。句意：你只有在特殊时刻才被允许提前离开。选项A符合题意。19.单选题In the 1950s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence (AI) predicted that, by the end of thi

34、s century, computers would be conversing with us at work and robots would be performing our housework. But as useful as computers are, theyre nowhere close to achieving anything remotely resembling these early aspirations for humanlike behavior. Never mind something as complex as conversation: the m

35、ost powerful computers struggle to reliably recognize the shape of an object, the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid.A growing group of AI researchers think they know where the field went wrong. The problem, the scientists say, is that AI has been trying to separate the highest, most a

36、bstract levels of thought, like language and mathematics, and to duplicate them with logical, step-by-step programs. A new movement in AI, on the other hand, takes a closer look at the more roundabout way in which nature came up with intelligence. Many of these researchers study evolution and natura

37、l adaptation instead of formal logic and conventional computer programs. Rather than digital computers and transistors, some want to work with brain cells and proteins. The results of these early efforts are as promising as they are peculiar, and the new nature-based AI movement is slowly but surely

38、 moving to the forefront of the field.Imitating the brains neural （神经的）network is a huge step in the right direction, says computer scientist and biophysicist Michael Conrad, but it still misses an important aspect of natural intelligence. “People tend to treat the brain as if it were made up of col

39、or-coded transistors”, he explains, “but its not simply a clever network of switches. There are lots of important things going on inside the brain cells themselves.” Specifically, Conrad believes that many of the brains capabilities stem from the pattern-recognition proficiency of the individual mol

40、ecules that make up each brain cell. The best way to build an artificially intelligent device, he claims, would be to build it around the same sort of molecular skills.Right now, the notion that conventional computers and software are fundamentally incapable of matching the processes that take place

41、 in the brain remains controversial. But if it proves true, then the efforts of Conrad and his fellow AI rebels could turn out to be the only game in town.1.The author says that the powerful computers of today（ ）.2.The new trend in artificial intelligence research stems from（ ）.3.Conrad and his grou

42、p of AI researchers have been making enormous efforts to（ ）.4.Whats the authors opinion about the new AI movement?5.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase “the only game in town” (Line 3, Para.4)?问题1选项A.are capable of reliably recognizing the shape of an object.B.are close to exh

43、ibiting humanlike behaviorC.are not very different in their performance from those of the 50sD.still cannot communicate with people in a human language问题2选项A.the shift of the focus of study on to the recognition of the shapes of objectsB.the belief that human intelligence cannot be duplicated with l

44、ogical step-by-step programsC.the aspirations of scientists to duplicate the intelligence of a ten-month-old childD.the efforts made by scientists in the study of the similarities between transistors and brain cells.问题3选项A.find a roundabout way to design powerful computersB.build a computer using a

45、clever network of switchesC.find out how intelligence developed in natureD.separate the highest and most abstract levels of thought问题4选项A.It has created a sensation among artificial intelligence researchers but will soon die out.B.Its breakthrough in duplicating human thought processes.C.Its more li

46、ke a peculiar game rather than a real scientific effort.D.It may prove to be in the right direction though nobody is sure of its future prospects.问题5选项A.The only approach to building an artificially intelligent computer.B.The only way for them to win a prize in artificial intelligence research.C.The

47、 only area worth studying in computer science.D.The only game they would like to play in town.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。文章第一段最后两句话提到“尽管电脑很有用，但是它们还不能像早期期待那样拥有像人类一样的行为。更不用说像谈话这样复杂的行为：最厉害的计算机也很难分辨出图形，而这还只是一个十个月大的人类婴儿就能做到的事情”（But as useful as computers are, theyre nowhere close to achie

48、ving anything remotely resembling these early aspirations for humanlike behavior. Never mind something as complex as conversation: the most powerful computers struggle to reliably recognize the shape of an object, the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid），由此可知电脑并不会谈话，选项D“不能用语言与人类进行交流”符合题

49、意。第2题:细节事实题。文章第三段最后两句话提到“康纳德认为许多大脑的能力源自于每个脑细胞的单个分子的模式识别能力。制作人工智能设备最好的方法是用大致相同的分子技术”（Specifically, Conrad believes that many of the brains capabilities stem from the pattern-recognition proficiency of the individual molecules that make up each brain cell. The best way to build an artificially intelli

50、gent device, he claims, would be to build it around the same sort of molecular skills），由此可知选项B“认为人工智能不能用一步一步的逻辑来复制”符合题意。第3题:推理判断题。文章第三段最后两句话提到“康纳德认为许多大脑的能力源自于每个脑细胞的单个分子的模式识别能力。制作人工智能设备最好的方法是用大致相同的分子技术”（Specifically, Conrad believes that many of the brains capabilities stem from the pattern-recogniti

51、on proficiency of the individual molecules that make up each brain cell. The best way to build an artificially intelligent device, he claims, would be to build it around the same sort of molecular skills），由此可知选项C“发现智力在本质上是怎么形成的”符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。文章第二段最后一句话提到“早期努力的结果即充满希望又很奇特，以自然人工智能为基础的研究发展虽然缓慢，但却成为该领域

52、的前沿”（The results of these early efforts are as promising as they are peculiar, and the new nature-based AI movement is slowly but surely moving to the forefront of the field），由此可知，新人工智能的前景不明确，但是依旧是前沿；以及第三段第一句提到“康纳德认为计算机模仿大脑神经网络是朝正确方向的一大步”（Imitating the brains neural （神经的）network is a huge step in th

53、e right direction）。因此选项D“这个方向被证明是对的，虽然没人能肯定其前景”符合题意。第5题:推理判断题。文章第三段最后一句话提到“康拉德宣称制造人工智能装置最好的方法是用大致相同的分子技术”（The best way to build an artificially intelligent device, he claims, would be to build it around the same sort of molecular skills），选项A符合题意。20.单选题And the topic “fat” is forbidden. Even the sligh

54、test paunch betrays that one is losing the trim and（ ）of youth.问题1选项A.vagueB.vigorC.vogueD.vulgar【答案】B【解析】考查形似词辨析。vague “模糊的；含糊的”，形容词；vigor “活力；精力”，名词；vogue “时尚；流行”，名词；vulgar “粗俗的；通俗的”，形容词。句意：“肥胖”的话题被禁止了。即使是稍微隆起的小肚子都暴露出他正失去青春活力。选项B符合题意。21.单选题Please excuse me if I have left any of my questions（ ） .问题

55、1选项A.to be unansweredB.not to answerC.unansweredD.being unanswered【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。leave sth. done意为“使处于状态”，因此选项C符合题意。22.单选题The organization had broken no rules, but（ ） had it acted responsibly.问题1选项A.neitherB.soC.eitherD.both【答案】A【解析】考查连词。本句式由连词but连接的并列句结构，前面是否定结构，后面应该与其一致，因此选项A符合题意。23.翻译题Translate

56、the following passage into English科学实验的重要性现代科学的兴起也许要追溯到罗杰培根的时代。罗杰培根是牛津杰出的僧侣和哲学家。他出生于1214年，死于1292年。他可能是中世纪第一个提出我们必须通过对周围事物进行观察和实验来学习科学的人，他自己也有许多卓越的发现。然而，生活在三百多年之后的伽利略（1564-1642），却是好几个伟大人物中最伟大的一个，这些人在意大利、法国、德国和英国开始逐步使人们看到许多重要的真理是可以通过掌握得当的观察去发现的。在伽利略之前，学者们相信大的物体掉到地面比小的物体要快，因为亚里士多德是这样说的。可是伽利略登上比萨斜塔的顶端，让

57、两个体积不相等的铁球同时落地，从而向一些他带去观看实验的朋友们证明，亚里士多德错了。正是伽利略的这种直接到大自然中去通过实验来证明我们的判断和理论的精神，导致了现代科学的伟大发现。【答案】The Importance of Scientific ExperimentsThe rise of modern science may perhaps date back to the time of Roger Bacon, the outstanding monk and philosopher of Oxford, who was born on 1241, and died on 1292. H

58、e was probably the man who firstly proposed that we must study science by observing and experimenting on the surrounding things, and made many remarkable discoveries himself. However, Galileo, who lived more than 300 years later, was the greatest of several great men. They showed people how many imp

59、ortant truths could be discovered by well-directed observation in Italy, France, Germany, or England. Before the time of Galileo, scholars believed that large objects fall to the ground faster than small ones, because Aristotle said so. Going to the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, Galileo let fall

60、 two unequal iron balls at the same time, and proved to those whom he had brought there to see his experiment that Aristotle was wrong. It was Galileos spirit of going direct to Nature, and proving our opinions and theories through experiments, that led to the great discoveries of modern society.24.