2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南财经大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号10

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南财经大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题AIDS activists permanently changed and shortened Americas （ ）process for testing and approving new drugs of all kinds, for all diseases.问题1选项A.efficientB.stagnantC.complexD.appropriate【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。efficient有效率的；s

2、tagnant停滞的，不景气的；complex复杂的，合成的；appropriate适当的。句意：艾滋病活动人士永久性地改变并缩短了美国测试和批准用于治疗各种疾病的各种新药的复杂过程。选项C符合句意。2.单选题It is our （ ）policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means.问题1选项A.consistentB.continuousC.considerateD.continual【答案】A【解析】形近词辨析题。consistent始终如一的，坚持的；continuous连续的；considerate体贴的，考虑周到的；c

3、ontinual持续不断的，频繁的。句意：通过和平的方式实现统一，这是我们一贯的政策。选项A符合句意。3.单选题The republication(再版)of the poets most recent works will certainly （ ）his national reputation.问题1选项A.magnifyB.enlargeC.strengthenD.enhance【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。magnify放大；enlarge扩大；strengthen巩固，加强；enhance提高，增加。句意：这位诗人最新作品的再次出版必将提高他在全国的声誉。选项D更符合语境。4.单选题

4、The bed has been （ ）in the family. It was my great-grandmothers originally.问题1选项A.handed outB.handed overC.handed downD.handed round【答案】C【解析】词组辨析题。hand out分发，施舍；hand over上交，移交；hand down宣布；流传下来；hand round分发，传递。句意：这张床是我们家流传下来的。它原本是我曾祖母的。选项C更符合语境。5.单选题The successful cooperation between the two countrie

5、s should be based on （ ）respect and help.问题1选项A.respectiveB.mutualC.simultaneousD.separate【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。respective意为“各自的，分别的”；mutual意为“相互的，彼此的，共有的”；simultaneous意为“同时发生（或进行）的，同步的”；separate意为“独立的，分开的”。句意：两个国家之间的成功合作应建立在相互尊重和帮助的基础上。6.翻译题In 1924, a Mexican philosopher wrote a book dreaming of the pos

6、sibility that, in the future, all races on the planet would merge into one type of man. This of man is being borne in Los Angeles, in the cultural sense if not the anthropological (a.人类学的) sense. A vast mosaic (n.拼盘) of different races, cultures, religions, and moral habits are working toward one co

7、mmon aim. From the perspective of a world submerged in religious, ethnic, and racial conflict, this harmonious cooperation is something unbelievable. It is truly striking.What is common aim that harmonizes competing cultures in one place?It is not only the better living standard. What attracts immig

8、rants to America is the essential characteristic of American culture: the chance to try. There is a combination of two things that are important: culture and space. The culture allows you to try to be somebodyto find yourself, your place, your status. And there is space not only in a geographical se

9、nse, but in the sense of opportunity, of social mobility. In societies that are in crisis or are stagnant(a.停滞的)or even are stable there is no chance to try.If the immigrant to America at first fails, he always thinks, “I will try again.”If he had failed in the old society, he would be discouraged a

10、nd pessimistic, accepting the place that was given to him. In America, hes thinking, “I will have another chance, I will try again.” That keeps him going. Hes full of hope.【答案】1924年，一位墨西哥哲学家在他的一本著作中，梦想着未来地球上所有不同种族都融合成一种类型人的可能性。在文化的意义上，即便不是在人种的意义上，这样一种类型的人正在洛杉矶诞生。由不同种族、不同文化、不同宗教和不同道德行为组成的巨大合成体正奔向一个共同

11、的目标。世界充满着宗教的、种族的、民族的冲突，从这个角度来看，这种融洽的合作令人难以置信。也的确令人瞩目。使得在一个地区的相互竞争的文化和谐共存的共同目标是什么呢？目标不仅仅是更高的生活水准。吸引移民前来美国的是美国文化的主要特性：有尝试的机会。文化与空间这两个重要方面结合了起来。文化使你得想办法出人头地去发现自我，找到自己的位置、自己的地位。还有空间，不仅仅是地理意义上的空间，更是指机会，指社会身份的流动性。在充满危机的社会中，在停滞不前的社会中甚至在那些稳定的社会中没有尝试的机会。如果美国移民开始时遭遇失败，他总是想：“我要再试一下”。如果他在原来的社会中遭遇失败，他就会失去信心，变得悲观

12、失望，接受自己所处的地位。在美国，他想的是：“我还会有机会，我还要试一下。”这使他坚持下去。他充满了希望。7.单选题We dont think that his（ ）ability has been well developed.问题1选项A.possibleB.potentialC.initialD.invisible【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。possible “可能的”；potential “有潜力的”；initial “最初的”；invisible “看不见的”。句意：我们认为他的潜力没有被好好挖掘。选项B符合题意。8.单选题The British Library （ ）th

13、e right to a free copy of every new book published in the United Kingdom.问题1选项A.containsB.retiresC.retainsD.conveys【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。contain意为“包含，容纳”；retire意为“退休”；retain意为“保持，保留”；convey意为“传达，传递”。句意：在英国出版的每一版新书，大英博物馆都拥有免费获得一册的权利。9.单选题Some diseases are （ ）by certain water animals.问题1选项A.transplantedB.tr

14、ansformedC.transportedD.transmitted【答案】D【解析】形近词辨析题。transplant移植；transform改变，变换；transport运输；transmit传输，传播。句意：有些疾病是由某些水生动物传播的。这里指疾病的传播，所以选项D正确。10.单选题The survey found 80 percent of viewers were （ ）by the violent scenes in the film.问题1选项A.damagedB.alertedC.offendedD.discouraged【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。damage损害；al

15、ert警惕；offend冒犯；discourage阻止，使气馁。句意：调查发现，80%的观众会被电影中的暴力镜头所触怒。be offended by意为“被.触怒”，选项C符合句意。11.单选题If you want to teach your children how to say sorry you must be good at saying it yourself, especially to your own children. But how you say it can be quite tricky.If you say to your children “Im sorry I

16、 got angry with you, but.” what follows that “but” can render the apology ineffective: “I had a bad day.” or “your noise was giving me a headache” leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology.Another method by which people

17、appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say “Im sorry youre upset”; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act t

18、hat was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. Saying “Im useless as a parent” does not commit a person to any specific improvement.These pseudo-apologies are used by people who believe saying sorry shows weakness. Parents who wis

19、h to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not resort to these pseudo-apologies.But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition, children still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry. A three-year-old might need help i

20、n understanding that other children feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology. A six-year-old boy might need reminding that spoiling other childrens expectations can require an apology. A 12-year-old might need to be shown that raiding

21、the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, but that borrowing a parents clothes without permission is not.1.If a mother adds “but” to an apology, （ ）.2.According to the author, saying “Im sorry youre upset” most probably means “ （ ）”.3.It is not advisable to use the general, all-coveri

22、ng apology because（ ）.4.We learn from the last paragraph that in teaching children to say sorry（ ）.5.It can be inferred from the passage that apologizing properly is（ ）.问题1选项A.she doesnt feel that she should have apologizedB.she does not realize that the child has been hurtC.the child may find the a

23、pology easier to acceptD.the child may feel that he owes her an apology问题2选项A.You have good reason to get upsetB.Im aware youre upset but Im not to blameC.I apologize for hurting your feelingsD.Im at fault for making you upset问题3选项A.is gets one into the habit of making empty promisesB.it may make th

24、e other person feel guiltyC.it is vague and ineffectiveD.it is hurtful and insulting问题4选项A.the complexities involved should be ignoredB.their ages should be taken into accountC.parents need to set them a good exampleD.parents should be patient and tolerant问题5选项A.a social issue calling for immediate

25、attentionB.not necessary among family membersC.a sign of social progressD.not as simple as it seems【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】第1题:判断推理题。根据第二段的内容“but can render the apology ineffective.leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting

26、 an apology.”“但是”这个词会让道歉不起作用这让受伤害的人觉得他应该为自己的错误行为道歉，而不是期待别人的道歉。根据题干意思，如果一位母亲在道歉之后加上“but”这个词， 。选项A和B均无法在原文中找到对应信息；选项C错误，这种道歉方式会让道歉无效，所以孩子并不会觉得容易接受；只有选项D“孩子可能觉得他应该向母亲道歉”符合原文，所以正确。第2题:判断推理题。根据关键句“Im sorry youre upset.”定位到第三段最后一句“this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get up

27、set by what the other person has done.”这表明你允许自己因为别人的所作所为感到沮丧，自己多少也有错。潜在意思就是说，我知道你很难过，但这不应该怪我。选项B符合原文。第3题:判断推理题。根据第四段的内容“其次是笼统的一般性的道歉，它避免点明特别伤害或侮辱他人的具体行为，而且道歉的人应该承诺永远不再这样做。说“作为父母我很没用”并不能让一个人有任何具体的进步。”由此可推断，笼统的道歉并不能让一个人有任何具体的进步，所以它是无效的；而且是笼统的道歉，也就是模糊的，所以本题选C。第4题:细节事实题。根据最后一段首句“But even when presented

28、with examples of genuine contrition, children still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry.”即使孩子们看到了真诚悔悟的例子，他们仍然需要一些帮助来意识到道歉的复杂性。选项A与原文不符，所以错误；选项C太过于片面，帮助不一定来自于父母，不能只考虑这一种因素，所以选项C也错误；选项D在文中没有提及。根据下文具体的内容可知，作者是根据孩子的年龄来具体举例的，所以选项B“孩子的年龄应该被考虑进去”符合原文。第5题:判断推理题。结合原文内容可知，本文主要讲的是父母应该

29、如何更好的道歉以便能够教会自己的孩子道歉。不涉及社会问题，所以选项A和C范围过于宽泛，不恰当；选项B很明显不符合原文；选项D“道歉并不像看起来的那么简单”符合原文，文章列举了几种道歉的表达方法并且提及道歉具有复杂性，所以选项D正确。12.单选题He is a promising young man who is now studying at our graduate school. As his supervisor,I would like to （ ）him to your notice.问题1选项A.commendB.decreeC.presumeD.articulate【答案】A【解

30、析】考查动词词义辨析。commend “推荐，称赞”；decree “命令，颁布，判决”；presume “假定，推测”；articulate “发音，清楚地讲话”。句意：他是个有前途的年轻人，现在在我们研究院学习，作为他的导师，我乐意向你推荐他。选项A符合题意。13.单选题An international treaty signed several years ago （ ）trade in plants and animals of endangered species.问题1选项A.bansB.eliminatesC.promotesD.protects【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。b

31、an意为“明令禁止，取缔”；eliminate意为“排除，取消”；promote意为“促进，推进”；protect意为“保护，保卫”。由主语an international treaty（国际条约）和宾语trade in plants and animals of endangered species（濒危动植物的贸易）可知谓语动词用ban符合逻辑。句意：几年前签署的一项国际条约禁止濒危动植物贸易。14.单选题Government today plays an increasingly larger role in the （ ）of welfare, economics,and educat

32、ion.问题1选项A.scopesB.rangesC.ranksD.domains【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。scope “范围，眼界，视野”；range “范围；幅度”；rank“级别，等级”；domain “领域，域，域名”。句意：现在政府在很多领域扮演着重要的角色，比如福利、经济和教育等。选项D符合题意。15.单选题The new secretary has written a remarkably （ ） report only in a few pages but with all the details.问题1选项A.conciseB.clearC.preciseD.ela

33、borate【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。concise “简明的”；clear “清楚的”；precise “精确的”；elaborate “详尽的”。句意：新秘书只用了几张纸就写出了一份包含所有的非常详尽的报告。选项D符合题意。16.单选题It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the basis for the decisions we make, and the roots of ou

34、r habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory.Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It not only includes “remembering” things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any change in

35、the way an animal typically behaves, memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed (嗅出) something suspicious in the grain pile.Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing

36、 data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant access memory of large computer may hold up to 100,000 “words” string of alphabetic or numerical characters ready for instant use. An average U.S teenager probably reco

37、gnizes the meaning of about 100,000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total amount of information that the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem

38、solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a persons memory is in terms of words and combinations of words. But while language greatly expands the number and the king of things a person can remember, it also requires a huge memory capacity. It may well be this capacity that distinguishes

39、humans, setting them apart from other animals.1.Which of the following is TRUE about memory?2.According to the passage, memory is helpful in ones life in the following aspects EXCEPT that （ ）.3.What is the authors view about computers and human beings in terms of intelligence?4.What is the major cha

40、racteristic of mans memory capacity according to the author?5.Human beings make themselves different from other animals by（ ）.问题1选项A.It helps us perceive things happening around us every dayB.It is based on the decisions we made in the pastC.It is rooted in our past habits and skillsD.It connects ou

41、r past experiences with the present问题2选项A.it involves a change in ones behaviorB.it keeps information for later useC.it warns people not to do things repeatedlyD.it enables one to remember events that happened in the past问题3选项A.Computers have better memory than a child doesB.Computers are as intelli

42、gent as a teenager isC.Computers can understand as many as 100,000 wordsD.Human beings are far superior to computers问题4选项A.It can be expanded by languageB.It can remember all the combined wordsC.It may keep all the information in the pastD.It may change what has been stored in it问题5选项A.having the ab

43、ility to perceive dangerB.having a far greater memory capacityC.having the ability to recognize faces and places on sightD.having the ability to draw on past experiences【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】第1题:推理判断题。文章第一段第二句话提到“大量日常认知的意义、我们做决定的依据和我们的习惯和技能的根源都是我们过去的经历，这些都是被记忆带到现在来的”（The meanings of thous

44、ands of everyday perceptions, the basis for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory），由此可知，记忆能够将过去与现在联系起来，因此选项D符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。文章第二段第二句话提到“记忆不仅仅是记住算数和历史事实这类事情，还包括动物典型行为的改变”（It not only includes

45、“remembering” things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves），可知选项A“它涉及行为的改变”是正确的，排除；文章第二段第一句话提到“记忆被定义为是一种将信息保存留待以后使用的能力”（Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use），由此可知选项B正确，排除；文章第一段提到了依靠记忆，可以把过

46、去的经验与现在联系起来，选项D“记住过去发生的事情”正确，排除。因此，选项C符合题意。第3题:推理判断题。文章第三段讲述了计算机强大的存储功能。计算机跟青少年都能记忆十万左右的英语单词，但是单词只是人类记忆中很小的一部分，人类还能记忆很多其他的内容，比如，能一眼就分辨出不同的人脸和地方（However, this is but a fraction of the total amount of information that the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that

47、the teenager can recognize on sight），可知人类比电脑要强，因此选项D符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。文章最后一段提到“当语言极大的扩大人能够记住的事情和事情最重要的部分的能力时，这需要有巨大的记忆存储量”（But while language greatly expands the number and the king of things a person can remember, it also requires a huge memory capacity），因此选项A“能够扩大存储量”符合题意。第5题:细节事实题。文章最后一句话提到“可能就是这种记忆

48、存储量将人类与其他动物区分开来”（It may well be this capacity that distinguishes humans, setting them apart from other animals），因此选项B符合题意。17.单选题Grandma always paid attention to the needs, wishes and feelings of those around her. She was the most （ ）woman Ive ever known.问题1选项A.artificialB.merryC.considerateD.brillia

49、nt【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。artificial人造的；merry愉快的；considerate体贴的，考虑周到的；brilliant杰出的。句意：奶奶总是关注身边人的需求、愿望和感受。她是我所认识的最体贴的女人。选项C符合语境。18.单选题I wish to change my major in postgraduate study, because I know the competition in the computer department of Tsinghua is（ ）.问题1选项A.fragrantB.formidableC.fierceD.flexible【答案】C

50、【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。fragrant “芳香的，愉悦的”；formidable “强大的，可怕的”；fierce “凶猛的”；flexible “灵活的”。句意：我希望在研究生学习期间换个专业，因为我知道清华大学计算机学院的竞争太激烈。选项C符合题意。19.单选题Eye contact is important because wrong contact may create a communication （ ）.问题1选项A.tragedyB.vacuumC.questionD.barrier【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。tragedy悲剧，灾难；vacuum真空；question

51、问题，疑问；barrier障碍，界线。句意：眼神交流很重要，因为错误的眼神交流可能会造成沟通障碍。选项D符合句意。20.单选题A computer file is a collection of （ ）data, used to organize the storage and processing of data by computer.问题1选项A.electricalB.artificialC.electronicD.genuine【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。electrical有关电的；artificial人造的；electronic电子的；genuine真实的，诚恳的。句意：计算

52、机文件是电子数据的集合，用来组织计算机对数据的存储和处理。这里指电子数据，所以选项C正确。21.单选题Is it true that the company is going bankrupt? I didnt mean to eavesdrop what you said. I just （ ）it.问题1选项A.overcameB.overwhelmedC.overheardD.overlooked【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。overcome克服；overwhelm淹没，压倒；overheard无意听到；overlook忽视。句意：那家公司要破产了，是真的吗？我无意偷听你们说话，只是无意

53、中听到的。选项C符合语境。22.单选题The（ ） can help people to see very small objects.问题1选项A.metropolitanB.microphoneC.microscopeD.microware【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。metropolitan “大城市人”；microphone “扩音器”；microscope “显微镜”；microwave “微波炉”。句意：显微镜能让人看到很小的东西。选项C符合题意。23.单选题Agriculture was a step in human progress （ ）which subsequen

54、tly there was not anything comparable until our own machine age.问题1选项A.inB.forC.toD.from【答案】C【解析】介词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，这里是由which引导的定语从句，先行词是agriculture，填空处应该填入一个和comparable搭配的介词，只有介词to能与之搭配，意为“可比较的，比得上是”，所以选项C正确。24.单选题Under normal circumstances the body can （ ）these naturally occurring substances into vita

55、mins.问题1选项A.convertB.renderC.deriveD.originate【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。convert转化，转变；render致使，提供；derive源于，获得；originate发源，发生。句意：在正常情况下，身体可以将这些自然产生的物质转化为维生素。选项A符合句意。25.单选题High levels of radon have been （ ）in the house.问题1选项A.observedB.noticedC.extractedD.detected【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。observe意为“观察，研究”；notice意为“注意”；extr

56、act意为“提取，提炼”；detect意为“查明，发现，侦察出”。句意：房子里发现了高浓度的氡。26.单选题Although we tried to concentrate on the lecture, we were （ ）by the noise from the next room.问题1选项A.displacedB.distractedC.dispersedD.discarded【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。displace “取代”；distract “分心”；disperse “分散，传播”；discard “丢弃”。句意：尽管我们尽力将精力集中在讲座上，但注意力还是被隔壁

57、房间的噪声给分散了。选项B符合题意。27.单选题While the doctor analyzed the patients condition, his family waited outside in considerable （ ）.问题1选项A.tensionB.anticipationC.eagernessD.anxiety【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。tension意为“拉紧，（精神、局势等）紧张。”；anticipation意为“期待，希望”；eagerness意为“渴望，热心，热切”；anxiety意为“焦虑，挂虑，忧虑”。句意：医生分析病人的病情时，他的家人在外面相当焦急地

58、等待着。28.单选题Jennies, the former chairman of the oil company, criticizes severely his（ ）whose false judgment led the company to bankruptcy.问题1选项A.successorB.offspringC.predecessorD.forefather【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。successor意为“接替者，继任者，接替的人或事物”；offspring意为“后代，子孙”；predecessor意为“前任，前辈”；forefather意为“祖先，祖宗”。由the fo

59、rmer chairman（前董事长）可推测空格处指的他的继任者，因此选A。句意：前石油公司董事长詹尼尔斯严厉批评他的继任者，他的错误判断导致公司破产。29.单选题George （ ）an agonizing 48-hour wait for the results of the tests.问题1选项A.underwentB.withstoodC.bakedD.grilled【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。underwent经验，遭遇；withstood抵挡，经得起；baked烘烤；grilled炙烤。句意：George遭受了48小时的煎熬只为等待测试结果。选项A符合语境。30.单选题The

60、plot of the novel （ ）the economic development of the village.问题1选项A.evolves withB.emerges fromC.blends withD.attaches to【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。evolve with意为“随进化”；emerge from意为“（从）露出，浮现，产生于”；blend with意为“与协调或和谐”；attach to意为“依附，附属与，喜爱”。句意：小说情节随着村落经济的发展而演变。31.单选题（ ）, theres a good reason for her absence, as s