第15课：英语教育资料汉译

1、第八单元第15课：英语教育资料汉译Universities Branch Out (Excerpt)As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scientific discoveries that move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the

2、talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantages. But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people, has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.大学在全球

3、的扩张(节选)1大学如今已成为提高国家竞争力与维护和平的工具，这在大学的历史上是前所未有 的。大学是推动经济开展的科学发现的场所，也是培养学生具有获取并保持竞争优势所需才 能的主要手段。但与此同时，国家对于商品、服务、信息，特别是人才的开放，使大学成为 促进全球一体化、相互理解和地缘政治稳定的强大力量。In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have become more self-consciously global: seeking students from arou

4、nd the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, offering courses of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world and collaborative research programs to advance science for the benefit of all hum

5、anity.2作为对推动世界经济开展的那些力量的回应，大学也更自觉地变得全球化：在世界 范围内招收代表所有文化和价值观的学生；送本校学生出国，使他们为从事世界性职业做好 准备；开设研究课程以应对这个相互联系日益紧密的世界的挑战，为了全人类的利益而从事 一些合作性的科研工程来促进科技进步。3Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across borders. Over the past three decades the number of students leaving h

6、ome each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3. 9 percent, from 800, 000 in 1975 to 2. 5 million in 2004. Most travel from one developed nation to another, but the flow from developing to developed countries is growing rapidly. The reverse flow, from developed to developing countries

7、, is on the rise, too. Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States and 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. And the number of crossing borders for undergraduate study is growing as well, to 8 percent of the undergraduates at America s best instit

8、utions and 10 percent of all undergraduates in the U. K. In the United States, 20 percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born, and in China many newly hired faculty members at the top research universities received their graduate education abroad.3在影响高等教育的众多力量中，

9、跨国界迁移最为重要。在过去的30多年里，出国 留学的人数以每年3. 9%的速度增长，从1975年的80万增加到2004年的250万。大多数人 都是从一个兴旺国家留学到另一个兴旺国家，但从开展中国家到兴旺国家留学的人数也在迅 速增加。而反向流动的留学生人数，即从兴旺国家到开展中国家留学，也在上升。如今，在 美国，博士学位有30%被留学生拿走，在英国那么为38吼 此外，跨国本科留学生的人数也在 增长,美国顶尖大学本科学生中有8%是留学生，英国本科学生中留学生那么占了 10%。在美国， 新雇用的科学及工程学教授中有20%出生于国外；在中国，一些顶尖的研究型大学新雇用的 许多教师也都在国外接受过研究生

10、教育。4Universities are also encouraging students to spend some of their undergraduate years in another country. In Europe, more than 140,000 students participate in the Erasmus program each year, taking courses for credit in one of 2, 200 participating institutions across the continent. And in the Uni

11、ted States, institutions are helping place students in summer internships abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at least one international study or internship opportunity and providing the financial resources to make it possible.4大

12、学也在鼓励学生本科期间到其他国家接受局部教育。在欧洲，每年有超过14万 学生参与Erasmus工程，到参与该工程的2, 200所欧洲高校选修一些学分课程。而在美国， 学校正在帮助学生利用暑假到国外实习，以便将来从事全球性职业。耶鲁和哈佛大学已经做 出了表率，给每一位大学生提供至少一次国际学习或实习机会，并提供助学资金使其得以实 现。5Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to another

13、country. Yale professor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghai s Fudan University, in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students w

14、orking in a 4, 300-square-meter laboratory facility. Yale faculty, post-doctors and graduate students visit regularly and attend videoconference seminars with scientists from both campuses. The arrangement benefits both countries. Xu s Yale lab is more productive, thanks to the lower costs of conduc

15、ing research in China, and Chinese graduate students, post-doctors and faculty get on-the-job training from a world-class scientist and his U. S. team.5全球化也在改变着科研的方式。一个新的趋势是将科研工程的一些局部给别的国家 做。担任耶鲁大学教授与霍华德休斯医学研究所调查员的许田就在上海复旦大学管理着一 个专门研究人类疾病遗传学的研究中心，与来自两校的工作人员进行合作研究。上海中心有 95位职员和研究生，他们在一个4, 300平米的实验室里工作

16、。耶鲁大学的教师、博士后和 硕士生会定期来这里参观，与两所大学的科学家们一起参加视频会议研讨班。这样的安排对 两国都有好处。由于在中国进行研究开销比拟低廉，现在耶鲁的研究室变得更加高产；而中 国的硕士生、博士后和教师那么受到一位世界级科学家及其美国团队的在岗培训。6As a result of its strength in science, the United States has consistently led the world in the commercialization of major new technologies, from the mainframe compute

17、r and integrated circuit of the 1960s to the internet infrastructure and applications software of the 1990s. The link between university-based science and industrial application is often indirect but sometimes highly visible: Silicon Valley was intentionally created by Stanford University, and Route

18、 128 outside Boston has long housed companies spun off from MIT and Harvard. Around the world, governments have encouraged copying of this model, perhaps most successfully in Cambridge, England, where Microsoft and scores of other leading software and biotechnology companies have set up shops around

19、 the university.6由于其强大的科技力量，美国在几个主要新科技领域的商业化方面一直走在世界前 列，从20世纪60年代的计算机主机和集成电路到20世纪90年代的互联网基础设施和应用 软件，都是如此。以高校为基地的科研和工业应用之间的联系往往是间接的，但有时却非常 明显：硅谷就是斯坦福大学刻意创立的，而坐落在波士顿城外的128号公路两侧的那些公司 都是从麻省理工学院和哈佛大学别离出来的。世界各国政府都曾鼓励效仿这种模式，其中英 国剑桥或许是最成功的。在那里，微软公司以及许多其他著名软件公司和生物科技公司已经 在剑桥大学周围建立了办事机构。第16课：汉语教育资料英译“洋大学”来了，中国

20、高校咋办？(节选)国际著名高等学府看好并落户中国，中外合作办学对正在探索中的中国高等教育改革提 供怎样的启示？1由华东师范大学和美国纽约大学共同创办的上海纽约大学日前进入正式筹建阶段， 将落户上海陆家嘴金融贸易区，引发各方高度关注。What Should Chinese Universities Do with the Arrival of International Universities? (Excerpt)With good expectations, some prestigious international universities have come to settle in

21、China. What inspirations can be drawn from the Sino-foreign cooperative education for the ongoing reform of China, s higher education?lThe New York University Shanghai Campus, jointly established by East China Normal University (ECNU) and New York University (NYU) , has recently entered a phase of p

22、reparation. The campus will be located in Lujiazui Financial and Trade Zone, which has aroused interest from all circles.2近几年来，越来越多的国际著名高等学府看好并落户中国，中外合作办学在让中国 学生获得更多项选择择机会的同时，能在多大程度上对正在探索中的中国高等教育改革提供启示? 中国教育那些饱受垢病的顽疾会否受到“洋大学”的冲击而产生“鱼占鱼效应” ？国外知名大 学的到来会否缩短中国建设一流大学的进程？2In recent years, more and more pr

23、estigious international universities have shown their interest in China and come to settle here. While Sino-foreign cooperative education offers more choices for Chinese students, to what extent can it give inspirations to Chinas ongoing reform of higher education? Will a ucatfish effect be produced

24、 when the widely denounced problems in China s education are shocked by the “foreign universities ? Will the arrival of renowned foreign universities shorten the process of building first-class universities in China?洋大学纷至沓来3记者采访获悉，教育部已经批准筹建上海纽约大学，下月华东师范大学将邀请美国 纽约大学负责人来沪，在之前签署意向书的基础上签订双方协议，还将部署开展奠基等系

25、列 工作。International Universities Coining in Flocks3Reporters learned that the Ministry of Education had approved the construction of NYU Shanghai Campus. Next month, ECNU wi 11 invite an NYU official to Shanghai to sign an agreement on the basis of a previous letter of intent. And a series of work, s

26、uch as the cornerstone-laying ceremony, will also be arranged.4华东师范大学校长俞立中向记者介绍：“从美方角度，创办上海纽约大学是其全球 网络大学的一个组成局部，这所在中国注册的独立法人高校的教学体制，将更多地带有美国纽约大学的痕迹，同时也将带有明显的中国和上海元素。我们双方合作的基础是培养国际化 人才。”4As Yu Lizhong, president of ECNU, told the reporters, “From the perspective of the US, the establishment of NYU Sh

27、anghai Campus is part of its global network university. The teaching system of this independent legal entity, registered in China, will bear more traces of NYU, and some obvious Chinese and Shanghai elements as well. The basis for our cooperation is to cultivate international talents. ”5近年来，多个省市高校都在

28、探索中外合作办学之路。2006年，英国利物浦大学与中 国西安交通大学联合举办了西交利物浦大学。2003年4月，英国诺丁汉大学与浙江省万里 教育集团开展了中外教育合作，创办了中国大陆第一所国际知名高校的中国分校。5Several universities in other cities or provinces have been exploring their ways of Sino-foreign cooperative education these years. In 2006, the University of Liverpool and the Xi, an Jiaotong U

29、niversity of China jointly founded Xi an Jiaotong Liverpool University. And in April 2003,Nottingham University from Britain and Wanli Education Group from Zhejiang cooperated in setting up in the mainland of China the first branch campus of a famous international university.文凭含金量会否打折扣6类似上海纽约大学等中外合作

30、高校，将成为对广大考生和家长颇具吸引力的新选择。 俞立中介绍说：“我们招生的定位是优秀生源，会结合国内高考和美国纽约大学的人才考核评价模式选 拔学生。”Will the Value of the Diploma Be Reduced?6A Sino-foreign cooperative university like NYU Shanghai Campus will become a big draw for many students and parents. “Our target candidates are outstanding students, “ said Yu, “who are selected on the basis of their grades in the college entrance examination plus their scores in the NYU s talent assessment. ”7上海财经大学国际教育学院的研究生詹慧鹏告诉记者，外国大学在中国设立分校或 合作交流机构，确实给从事科研或有志到外国大学深造的学生提供了更多机会