2022-2023学年北京第十二中学高三第四次模拟考试英语试卷含解析

1、2022-2023学年高考英语模拟试卷考生请注意：1答题前请将考场、试室号、座位号、考生号、姓名写在试卷密封线内，不得在试卷上作任何标记。2第一部分选择题每小题选出答案后，需将答案写在试卷指定的括号内，第二部分非选择题答案写在试卷题目指定的位置上。3考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 （共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1 on one foot with your eyes closeDand you will soon lose your balance.AStanding BStoodCTo stand DStand2Dont give up

2、 half way, and you will find the scenery is more beautiful when you reach the destination than when you _.Astart offBhave started offCstarted offDwill start off3He is such an unselfish man. You cannot help but _ him.Arespect Bto respect Cneglect Dto neglect4My friend warned me _ going to the East Co

3、ast because it was crowded with tourists.AbyBagainstConDfor5_ the school, the village has a clinic, which was also built with government support.AIn reply toBIn addition toCIn charge ofDIn place of6As things didnt work out the way we _, we found ourselves trying to force them and struggling to finis

4、h them.Aplan Bare planning Chad planned Dwill be planning7There is a popular view_in city strangers are less likely to help an elderly person.AthatBwhetherCwhyDhow8Quantities of soil _ in the area, resulting in the increasing number of natural disasters.Ais washed away Bhave washed awayChave washed

5、away Dhave been washed away9Will you be_ this evening，Mary？That depends. I am afraid I will be with my manager，discussing a plan.AconvenientBsuitableCavailableDefficient10People expect Shanghai Disneyland Park to offer better service than _ of Tokyos.AthisBitConeDthat11If you _ to my advice carefull

6、y, you wouldnt have made such a terrible mistake.AlistenedBhave listenedCwould listenDhad listened12This film is very with young people, which tells a really romantic story.Afamiliar BpopularCsimilar Dparticular13The TV station will be _ the game live on Saturday afternoon, and we cant miss it.Acove

7、ringBimprovingChandlingDcanceling14I wish I _ at my sisters wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.Awill beBwould beChave beenDhad been15Some womena good salary in a job instead of staying home， but they decided not to work for the sake of the familyAmust makeBshould hav

8、e madeCwould makeDcould have made16I _ about what youve said and Ive decided to take your adviceAthought Bhave been thinkingCwas thinking Dwas thinking17_ students should be given more free time is suggested by many experts and welcomed by kids in schoolAWhat BWhy CWhether DThat18Please call my secr

9、etary to arrange a meeting this afternoon，or_ it is convenient to you.AwhereverBhoweverCwhicheverDwhenever19Newly-built wooden cottages line the street，_ the old town into a dreamland.AturnedBturningCto turnDhaving turned20- It shouldnt take long to clear up after the party if we all volunteer to he

10、lp Thats right_AMany hands make light workBSomething is better than nothingCThe more the merrierDThe sooner begin, the sooner done第二部分 阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21（6分） One day in 1995, a large, heavy middle-aged man robbed two Pittsburgh banks in broad daylight. He didnt wear a mas

11、k and he smiled at surveillance cameras before walking out of each bank. Later that night, police arrested a surprised McArthur Wheeler. When they showed him the surveillance tapes, Wheeler stared in disbelief. “But I wore the juice，” he said. Apparently, Wheeler thought that rubbing lemon juice on

12、his skin would make him invisible to videotape cameras. After all, lemon juice is used as invisible ink, so, as long as he didnt come near a heat source, he should have been completely invisible.The case caught the eye of the psychologist David Dunning at Cornell University, who enlisted his graduat

13、e student, Justin Kruger, to see what was going on. They reasoned that, while almost everyone holds favourable views of their abilities in various social and intellectual fields, some people mistakenly assess their abilities as being much higher than they actually are. This “illusion of confidence”

14、is now called the “Dunning-Kruger effect”，and describes the cognitive bias to inflate self-assessment.To investigate this phenomenon in the lab, Dunning and Kruger designed some clever experiments. In one study, they asked undergraduate students a series of questions about grammar, logic and jokes,

15、and then asked each student to estimate his or her score overall, as well as their relative rankings compared to the other students. Interestingly, students who scored the lowest in these cognitive tasks always overestimated how well they didby a lot. Students who scored in the bottom estimated that

16、 they had performed better than two-thirds of the other students!Sure, its typical for people to overestimate their abilities. The problem is that when people are incompetent, not only do they reach wrong conclusions and make unfortunate choices, but also they are robbed of the ability to realize th

17、eir mistakes. In a semester-long study of college students, good students could better predict their performance on future exams if given feedback about their scores and rankings. However, the poorest performers showed no recognition, despite clear and repeated feedback that they were doing badly. I

18、nstead of being confused or thoughtful about their incorrect ways, incompetent people insist that their ways are correct. As Charles Darwin wrote in The Descent of Man(1871): “Ignorance more frequently begets confidence than does knowledge.”Interestingly, really smart people also fail to accurately

19、self-assess their abilities. As much as D- and F-grade students overestimate their abilities, A-grade students underestimate theirs. The difference is that competent people can and do adjust their self-assessment if given appropriate feedback, while incompetent individuals cannot.1、Which of the foll

20、owing statements about the Dunning-Kruger effect is TRUE?AThe effect is true for everyone in daily life.BIt suggests that most people lack cognitive abilities.CSome people are overconfident about their abilities.DThe conclusion is drawn based on a series of bank robberies.2、What do the college stude

21、nts behaviors mentioned in the experiments prove?AFeedback plays a significant role in estimating ones ability.BIncompetent people have a rather fixed attitude towards their choice.CGood students always predict their future performance accurately.DPeople cant rely on their previous behavior to make

22、adjustments.3、The underlined word “begets” in Paragraph 4 can be replaced by “_”.Agives rise toBtakes advantage ofCmakes up forDbreaks away from4、What can we infer from the passage?AReal knowledge is knowing the extent of ones ignorance.BIt is impossible for people to evaluate their real competence.

23、CIllusion of confidence is the major source of peoples failure.DThose with great abilities often have a low opinion of themselves.22（8分）Supermarket shelves are filled with plant-based alternatives to cow milk, including soy, nut, and coconut milk. These products are popular with consumers who cannot

24、 drink cows milk for health reasons, as well as with those concerned about animal welfare and environmental sustainability. While the dairy-free(非乳制的) options work well with cereal or in coffee, they fail miserably when it comes to making milk-based products like cheese or yogurt. However, these sho

25、rtcomings may soon be a thing of the past, thanks to a new company in California, which has figured out how to create animal-free milk in a laboratory!Perumal Gandhi and Ryan Pandya founded the company in 2014 after becoming increasingly annoyed with the lack of cows milk-free alternatives, particul

26、arly for cheese. For Gandhi, who stopped consuming animal products five years earlier due to environmental and animal welfare concerns, the motivation to create a better alternative stemmed from his love of cheesy pizza. Pandya was spurred into taking action after being forced to eat some “really ba

27、d” dairy-free cream cheese on his sandwichThe two MIT biomedical engineering scientists decided to join forces to create a more realistic alternative to dairy-based products. In their university lab, the pair spent nine months first isolating cow DNA then inserting it into yeast(酵母). This genetic mo

28、dification enabled the yeast to produce the necessary milk proteins. The final step of the process involved mixing the proteins with some plant nutrients and fats.The dairy-free milk not only tastes like the real thing but is also healthier, has a longer shelf life and, most important of all, is Ear

29、th friendly. According to the companys website, when compared to conventional milk production, their process uses 65% less energy, creates 84%o less greenhouse gas emissions and requires 91% less land and an amazing 98% less water! Best of all, since it contains real milk proteins, the product behav

30、es like the cow-produced version, which means vegetarian consumers will no longer have to deal with soggy cheese on their sandwiches and pizzas.The company plans to bring their creation to market later this year and their first product will most likely be cheese since there are already numerous good

31、 cows milk alternatives available to consumers.1、The underlined word those in paragraph 1 refers to_.Aalternatives BpeopleCproducts Dreasons2、The company s founders were motivated to make the new product because of_.Atheir deep concern for the environmentBtheir worry that farm animals were poorly tr

32、eatedCthe over-consumption of the dairy-based productsDthe poor taste of dairy-free cheese presently available3、What can be inferred from paragraph 4?AThe dairy-free products cannot be stored for a long time.BThe new products will taste better than dairy-based ones.CCow farming causes considerable e

33、nvironmental damage.DThe dairy-free milk will be more expensive than cows milk.4、Which of the following can be the best title for the text?AHealthier CheeseBNew Milk Saves PlanetCFresher Milk, Better FutureDMaking Milk without Cows23（8分）Melinda Skaar wasnt expecting any phone calls. Skaar was workin

34、g late in her office at the First Internet bank of California. By 10:45 that night she was almost ready to go home when the phone rang. Picking it up, she heard a guard shouting, “There is a fire! Get out of there.” Skaar didnt panic. She figured that it was just a small fire. Her office building wa

35、s huge. There were 62 floors and her desk was on the 37th floor. Skaar called out to office mate Stephen Oksas, who also stayed late to work. But when they got out to the hallway, they were met by a cloud of black smoke. Rushing back, Skaar shut the door and filled the space at the bottom of the doo

36、r with her jacket to keep the smoke out.Then they called 911. Before they could call their families, however, the line went dead. That meant that they were completely cut off from the outside world. All they could do was wait and hope someone would come to rescue them.Minutes ticked by. Smoke began

37、to float into the office. Soon it became hard for them to breathe. Looking around, Skaar noticed a small workroom. It seemed to have cleaner air. So they crowded there. That helped for a while, but in time even the workroom was filled with deadly smoke. Hopeless, they tried to break the windows, but

38、 the glass was not breakable. Everything they threw at it just bounced back. Defeated, they struggled back to the workroom. They felt weak and dizzy. Soon Skaar found Oksas had passed out.As Skaar and Oksas lay near death, rescuers were rushing to find them. At last, at about 4 a.m., firefighters fo

39、und them.Skaar and Oksas knew they were lucky to be alive. Sunday is my birthday, Skaar told a reporter. She would be turning 29, but she knew she had already got the best present possiblethe gift of life.1、What did Skaar and Oksas do when they were stopped by the fire?Athey tried to run down the st

40、airs. Bthey called their families.Cthey waited where they were. Dthey rushed back and shut the door.2、The following helped Skaar and Oksas survive the fire except .Acalling 911 for helpBshutting the door and keeping the smoke out with a jacketCbreaking the windows to get some fresh airDcrowding in a

41、 small workroom for clean air3、what can we conclude from Skaars action in the fire?Ashe was trained as a firefighterBshe was cleverer than OksasCshe had had the experience of being caught in fire.Dshe remained calm in the face of danger24（8分） Natalie Trayling is a famous street artist in Melbourne.

42、At first, those who happened to pass by her and spare some change didnt even realize what a musical genius was playing. The emotional tune was not only masterfully played but also composed by Natalie herself when she was only 14. Gradually, as long as she appears, people will stop, absorbed in her m

43、usic. Her music makes you think about calmness, the good things in life, and never giving up.But what people do not know is that behind the beautiful music of the old woman, it is full of bitterness. At the age of 12, she won a music scholarship at Santa Maria College. At 15 she knocked back a schol

44、arship to the Royal Academy of Music in London because her parents couldnt pay non-tuition costs. When she left school, she taught piano at Santa Maria. Later she met her husband, Denis. They had four children, but the two of them died. In 1984, Denis asked for a divorce. Natalies son, Nathan, was g

45、iven medication for depression. Natalie lived either outdoors in Royal Park or in boarding houses for nine years. In late 2003 Natalie collapsed with anaemia(贫血) and was hospitalized for six months.For half a century, Natalie has been teased by fate. But even so, she never gave up her love for music

46、. When asked why the music was so important to her, she said: “Music is everything. I do feel part of it. The whole world is music.”When Natalie went on the Internet, she became a sign of Melbourne. People are impressed by her persistence in dreams and the optimism of life. Now she is no longer wand

47、ering around. She can play the piano at any time, but as long as the weather is good, she will walk to the streets of Melbourne, and play a touching melody for the rush of the city.1、Why is Natalies music so touching to the passers-by?AIt is full of bitterness.BShe composed it herself.CIts a reflect

48、ion of her own life.DIt reminds of the beauty of life.2、Which of the following can replace the underlined word “knocked back” in Paragraph 2?Agave upBobtainedCacceptedDwas awarded3、What does music mean to Natalie?AIts her hobby.BIts the source of her misfortune.CIt is part of her life.DIts a way to

49、earn a living.4、What does the author try to tell us?ANatalie is a musical genius.BLife is not easy for everyone.CNever give up halfway.DNatalie has a strong and brave heart.25（10分）WelcometoInspire21!Ouraimistoprovide”Inspiringwordsforthe21stcentury”. So, hereweofferaunique collection of inspiring sh

50、ort stories, motivationalshortstories, andhumorousshortstoriesforyou to read and share.If you do care to share, click the “SHARE”button in the bottom left corner of each page. And thanks for telling others about Inspire 21.The inspiring stories that are labeled(标记)“TRUE”are done so to the best of ou

51、r knowledge, but we do not have full proof in some cases. However, all of these stories and messages are provided because of their uplifting content, whether true or not. Many books weve read and movies weve watched were totally untrue, but we enjoyed the inspiration they gave usespecially if they h

52、ad a happy ending.So, please read and share these stories at your own discretion(判断力). Thank you for your understanding!Also, many of the inspiring stories used here are used with permission from the author. However, we cannot grant(授予) permission to reuse any of these inspirational stories, as the

53、majority of them are not ours.Lastly, many inspiring stories(emailed to us or we came across online )are listed as “Author Unknown” If you happen to know the authors name, to whom credit should be given, please contact us with that information so we can keep our inspiring story collection accurate.

54、Thank you again! !1、What does Inspire 21do?AIt encourages people to use inspiring words.BIt offers books and movies with a happy ending.CIt collects both true stories and untrue messages.DIt provides short stories for people to read and share.2、Which of the following words has the closest meaning to

55、“inspiring”?AUplifting.BUnique.CAccurate.DHumorous.3、What are the readers expected to do in the last paragraph?AReuse inspiring stories.BWrite more true stories.CHelp to give credit to unknown authors.DKeep the inspiring stories more accurate.第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D

56、四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项26（30分）Like any good mother, when Karen found out that another 1 was on the way, she did what she could to help her three-year-old son, Michael, 2 for a new life. They found out that the new baby was going to be a girl, and every day Michael sang to his 3 in Mommys tummy.The days

57、 went by. The little girl got 4 after the birth. The doctor told the parents, “There is very 5 hope. Be prepared for the worst.” They had fixed up a special 6 in their home for the new baby, but now they 7 a funeral.Michael kept begging his parents to let him see his sister. “I want to 8 to her,” he

58、 said. If he didnt see sister now, he might never see her 9 She dressed him in an oversized suit and marched him into ICU, but the head nurse 10 him as a child and shouted. “Get the kid out of here now! No children are 11 ” The mother rose up strong, and the 12 mild-mannered lady glared steel-eyed i

59、nto the head nurses face. “He is not leaving 13 he sings to his sister!” Karen towed Michael to his sisters bedside. He gazed at the tiny infant 14 the battle to live, and he began to sing. In the pure 15 voice of a 3-year-old, Michael sang:“You are my sunshine, my only sunshine. You make me happy w

60、hen skies are gray”Instantly the baby girl 16 The pulse rate became calm and steady.“You never know, dear, how much I love you. Please dont take my 17 away.”“The other night, dear, as I lay sleeping, I 18 I held you in my arms”Michaels little sister relaxed.The medical staff just called it a miracle