新课程中考复习指导英语 第一部分 语法专题复习 第1节 名词

英语新课程XINKECHENG中考复习指导-ZHONGKAOFUXIZHIDAO-

第一部分

语法专题复习第一节名词题型解读近五年广东省英语中考名词考查情况——命题情况年份考查项目分值可数名词及其单复数不可数名词名词所有格名词辨析2016听填信息：May短文填空：feet单项选择：glass——完形填空：46.luck，success，safety，hope53.trust，love，money，health5.5近五年广东省英语中考名词考查情况——考情分析

通过对近五年广东省中考内容分析，可见名词占的分值较大，是听填信息和完形填空的必考考点，也是短文填空的高频考点，其中可数名词及其单复数、不可数名词和名词辨析是考查重点。2021年中考备考要切实抓好名词的拼写、用法和辨析，特别重视可数名词及其单复数和不可数名词。【广东省2016—2020年真题试练】【广东省2016—2020年真题试练】()1.(2020广东中考完形填空)Inthenextfewweeks,Mr.Smith'sinterestinhis____keptgrowing.Heboughtneweyes,newhandsandnewfeet．A.shapeB.ageC.lifeD.look()2.(2019广东中考完形填空)Wealwaysdowhatyouwanttodo,Cindy.It'smyturntomakea____．A.promiseB.projectC.decisionD.dialogue()3.(2018广东中考完形填空)Awealthymanwantedhissontoleadahappylife.Hedecidedtosendhimtoseeawiseoldmanforhisadviceonhappiness.Whentheoldmanlearntabouthis,hehandedtheboyanemptybowl．A.researchB.promiseC.purposeD.experience

DCC【广东省2016—2020年真题试练】4.(2020广东中考短文填空)Theywantedtoraise

_____tohelptheirfriends.Thenshecameupwithan_____.5.(2016年广东中考短文填空)Mr.Zhangbroughtabasinofwarmwaterandaskedhismothertositinfrontofthebasin.Hetookoffhershoesandputher_____intothewater.Afterthat,hebegantowashthemcarefully．ideamoneyfeet考点解读名词是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词。根据其词汇意义，名词分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。考点1可数名词一、可数名词复数形式的规则变化规则语音举例一般情况直接在词尾加-s在清辅音后读作［S］在元音及浊辅音后读作［Z］novel—novelspen—penstree—treesmagazine-magazinesplaceofinterest—placesofinterest以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词后加-es-es一般读作［IZ］class—classesbox—boxeswatch—watcheswish—wishes一、可数名词复数形式的规则变化规则语音举例以f或fe结尾，把f或fe改为v再加-es-ves一般读作［VZ］leaf—leavesknife—knivesshelf—shelveslife—liveswolf—wolvesscarf—scarvesthief—thieves一、可数名词复数形式的规则变化规则语音举例以y结尾的名词

以“辅音字母+y”结尾，改y为i，再加-es-ies一般读作［IZ］baby—babiescity—citiesstory—stories

hobby—hobbiescountry—countriescentury—centuries以“元音字母+y”结尾，直接加-s-s一般读作［Z］boy—boysday—daystoy—toys

play—playskey—keysmonkey—monkeys一、可数名词复数形式的规则变化规则语音举例以o结尾的名词

加-s-s一般读作［Z］zoo—zoosphoto—photoskilo—kilos

radio—radiospiano—pianoskangaroo—kangaroos加-es-es一般读作［Z］Negro—Negroeshero—heroespotato—potatoestomato—tomatoes巧记：黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)喜欢吃土豆(potato)和西红柿(tomato)，这些词后加-es，其余加-s二、可数名词复数形式的不规则变化不规则变化举例改变词中部分字

a→eman—menwoman—womenpoliceman—policemen(注意：German—Germanshuman—humans)oo→eegoose—geesefoot—feettooth—teeth其他形式mouse—micechild—childrenox—oxen二、可数名词复数形式的不规则变化不规则变化举例单复数同形sheep—sheepdeer—deerfish—fish(注意：fish指“鱼肉”时，是不可数名词。指“鱼的多少”时，是可数名词，但单数和复数同形。但fish强调鱼的“种类”时，复数是“fishes”)表“某国人”的名词的复数形式(“中日”不变“英法”变，其他后面加-s)Chinese—ChineseJapanese—JapaneseEnglish—EnglishmenFrenchman—FrenchmenAmerican—AmericansGerman—Germans二、可数名词复数形式的不规则变化不规则变化举例复合名词通常最后一个名词变为复数，但第一个名词是man或woman时两个名词都要变复数aboystudent—twoboystudentsanapplepie—threeapplepiesamandoctor—fourmendoctorsawomandoctor—fivewomendoctors5.其他注意事项：(1)trousers、socks、gloves、glasses、shoes、pants、chopsticks、scissors、clothes、jeans等词一般以复数形式出现，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。要表达它们的量，常借助pair一词，如：apairofglasses（一副眼镜）、twopairsofshoes（两双鞋）。(2)family、class、team、group、crowd等常见的集体名词形式为单数，但意义可以为单数或复数。作主语时，如强调整体，谓语动词用单数；如果强调集体中的每一个成员，谓语动词用复数。police、people等词形式为单数，但意义为复数，作主语时谓语动词用复数。(注意：people表示“人，人们”时，本身为复数；表示“民族”时，复数形式为peoples。如：fifty-sixpeoples意为“五十六个民族”。)(3)有些名词形式上为复数，但意义上为单数。如：news（新闻）、maths（数学）、physics（物理）、theUnitedStates（美国）、politics（政治）。三、考点专练（）1.The___studentswereplayingfootballwhilethe___teacherswereplayingvolleyball．A.boys;womenB.boy;womenC.girl;manD.girls;man（）2.IbrokeTom’s___

bymistakeandthebroken___

evenwoundedoneofmyfingers.Hehastobuyanewpair．A.glass；glassB.glasses；glassesC.glass；glassesD.glasses；glass（）3.Therearethree___andseven___inthepicture．A.deers；sheepsB.deers；sheepC.deer；sheepD.deer；sheepsBDC考点2不可数名词

不可数名词即一般无法用数目来计算的名词。物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词。不可数名词一般没有复数形式，并且不能用不定冠词a(an)或one修饰。1.不可数名词的数量一般用some、much、alotof、lotsof、abitof、alittle、little等表示。eg:somemeat一些肉alotofmoney很多钱alittlewater一点水2.不可数名词的数量还可以用适当的量词(由普通名词充当)作单位来表示，结构为“数词+量词(普通名词)+of+不可数名词”。其单复数变化就体现在普通名词上。eg:aglassofwater一杯水twoglassesofwater两杯水一、不可数名词的量3.以下为一些常见的用来表示不可数名词数量的词。量词举例piece(条,块,片,张,份,则)apieceofmeat一块肉apieceofpaper一张纸twopiecesofadvice两条建议apieceofnews一条消息/一则新闻glass(玻璃杯)、cup(茶杯)、bottle(瓶)aglassofjuice一杯果汁acupoftea一杯茶sixbottlesofbeer六瓶啤酒basket(篮)、bag(袋)、box(箱，盒)abasketoffood一篮食物fivebagsofrice五袋大米aboxofwine一箱白酒kilo(公斤)、pound(磅)apoundofsugar一磅糖twokilosofmeat二公斤肉二、中考高频不可数名词类别例词物质名词液体tea茶water水juice果汁milk牛奶coffee咖啡orange橙汁wine酒beer啤酒soup汤oil油Coke可乐ink墨水食物food食物fruit水果bread面包rice米饭chocolate巧克力sugar糖salt盐salad沙拉肉类meat肉beef牛肉pork猪肉fish鱼肉mutton羊肉chicken鸡肉自然weather天气nature自然rain雨snow雪wind风ice冰fog雾fire火soil土壤sand沙grass草材料gold金silver银steel铁plastic塑料cotton棉花wood木头paper纸silk丝绸cloth布实物chalk粉笔furniture家具hair头发抽象名词学科Chinese语文English英语math数学geography地理physics物理chemistry化学politics政治music音乐history历史science科学art艺术grammar语法情感fun乐趣fear害怕courage勇气joy高兴happiness幸福sadness忧伤energy能量，力量friendship友谊，友情love爱，爱情pleasure高兴概念advice建议information消息work工作news新闻time时间money金钱wealth财富health健康fame名气，名声knowledge知识exercise锻炼trouble麻烦space空间population人口pollution污染homework作业housework家务truth真理progress进步类别例词三、常考的既可作可数名词、又可作不可数名词（但意义不同）的名词名词可数不可数名词可数不可数fish鱼（条数、种类）鱼肉work作品工作room房间空间time次数，倍数时间glass玻璃杯；眼镜（+es）玻璃orange橙子橙汁life生命生活,人生experience经历经验water水域水sand沙滩沙子三、常考的既可作可数名词、又可作不可数名词（但意义不同）的名词cloth衣服布wood树林木头，木材iron熨斗铁weight砝码；哑铃重量food各种食物食物fruit各类水果水果exercise练习题；体操锻炼paper报纸；论文纸height高处高chicken小鸡肌肉light灯光线beauty美人美丽名词可数不可数名词可数不可数四、考点专练（）1.Itisagreatpieceof

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forfootballlovers.Morethan50，000soccerschoolswillbebuiltinourcountrybytheendof2025．A.newsB.messageC.situationD.information（）2.Comeon,children!Helpyourselvestosome

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ifyoulike．A.fishandchickenB.fishesandchickenC.fishandchickensD.fishesandchickens（）3.Wouldyoupleasepassme

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？A.twopaperB.twopapersC.twopiecesofpaperD.twopiecesofpapersAAC考点3名词所有格分类构成举例表示有生命的所有格

一般在词尾加-’sthestudent’sdesk，Children’sDay以s结尾的名词，只需在s后加’thestudents’desks，Teachers’Day表示共同所有的名词，只需在最后一个名词后加’sLucyandLily’sroom表示分别所有的名词，需在每个名词后都加’sLucy’sandLily’srooms表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格用s’或’stwentyminutes’walk，tenmiles’journey表示某人家或店铺，可省略名词加-'sthedoctor’s，myuncle’s，thedentist’s分类构成举例表示无生命的所有格用of＋名词thecapitalofChina，theendoftheroad双重所有格

of＋所有格afriendofmyfather’sof＋名词性物主代词afriendofmine特殊情况

由量词＋名词合成形容词构成所有格aneight-year-oldgirl固定搭配tothewaytotheschool，thekeytothedoor，theanswertothequestion考点专练(

)1.—ThereisanewbeautifuliPadonthedesk.Whoseisit？—Itmustbemy

.Heearnedmoneyduringthesummerholidayandboughtitlastweek.A.brother’sB.brotherC.brothersD.brothers’(

)2.—IthinkthelongreportabouttheRussianWorldCupin

ChinaDailymayinterestyou.—That’sforsure.I’vereadittwice.A.todayB.today’sC.tomorrowD.tomorrow’s(

)3.June1stis

.A.Children’sdayB.children’sDayC.Children’sDayD.children’sdayABC考点4名词词义辨析名词词义辨析是广东中考完形填空的必考点，其解题关键是通过语境来辨析名词的词义。近五年中考真题完形填空名词词义辨析如下。年份名词词义辨析2020shape形状age年龄life生活look样子，面容interest兴趣，爱好condition状况；条件decision决定situation情况，处境2019promise承诺project工程，项目decision决定dialogue对话chance机会method方法truth事实rule规则2018research调查promise保证purpose目的experience经验，经历result结果cause原因secret秘密decision决定2017bee蜜蜂bird鸟people人们(复数)scientist科学家practice练习business生意instruction命令，指令research研究2016luck运气success成功safety安全hope希望trust信任love爱money钱health健康考点4名词词义辨析考点4名词词义辨析（）1.(2020广东中考完形填空)Intheend，hedecidedtohavehisoldbodyback！Tohissurprise，Mrs’Smithwasunhappywithhis___becauseshecouldnotbearthebadsmellofhisoldfeet．A.interestB.conditionC.decisionD.situation（）2.(2020天津)Healsodoeswellinhis

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becauseheworksveryhardonhisstudies.MumneverhastoworryaboutMartin．A.examsB.hobbiesC.interviewsD.adventures（）3.(2020浙江温州)Nearourfarm，therewasabeautiful

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，wherekidsnearbyoftenswaminsummer.A.farmB.riverC.bridgeD.beachCAB考点5短文填空名词考点近五年广东中考短文填空考查名词共8次，其中，可数名词占7次，不可数名词占1次；有4次需要根据句子结构和上下文语境进行判断，4次考查了名词的固定搭配。在做此题型时，首先需要根据上下文来确定所填的名词，特别注意名词固定搭配的考查，然后再确定名词的单复数。考点5短文填空名词考点1.(2014广东中考)Later,Iworkedinasmallrestaurant,servingtheguests,cleaningupthetables,washingthedishesandsweepingthefloors.(根据上下文句意判断)2.(2019广东中考)Inthevillage,thereweremanypaintingsofanimals,

suchascatsandbirds.(根据上下文句意判断)3.(2015广东中考)EveryyearthousandsoftouristsfromallovertheworldcometovisitthisplaceofinterestinChina.(固定搭配)考点5短文填空名词考点4.(2017广东中考)Asthefamilyhavepickedupthenewlifestyle,theyfindthattheycanspendmoretimetalkingovermeals,playingsportsanddoingallkindsofactivitiestogether.(固定搭配)5.(2019广东中考)Fromthen,GrandpaHuanglearnedtolivealongandhappylife.(固定搭配)考点5短文填空名词考点常见的含有名词的固定搭配：英文中文英文中文anumberof许多henumberof……的数量apairof一双,一副apieceof一张(块,则)afterclass课后allkindsof各种各样的allovertheworld全世界attheageof在……岁时atthebeginningof在……之初atthebottomof在……的底部asaresult结果byair(bus/train/ship)坐飞机(公共汽车/火车/轮船)byhand用手beinwithachance有可能，有机会考点5短文填空名词考点常见的含有名词的固定搭配：英文中文英文中文comeupwithanidea想出一个主意forexample例如，譬如fromtimetotime不时，偶尔gofishing(shopping)去钓鱼(购物)goforawalk去散步getintothehabitof养成……的习惯getintotrouble遇上麻烦haveagoodtime玩得开心inaword一句话；简言之inperson亲自insurprise惊奇地in(the)future在未来考点5短文填空名词考点常见的含有名词的固定搭配：英文中文英文中文inexcellentcondition健康状况很好inone’sopinion下决心，决定makeamistake犯错误makeprogress取得进步makeanoise制造噪音onone’swayto在去……的路上onduty值日，值班onfoot步行onsale正在出售ontheotherhand另一方面onbusiness出差outofbreath上气不接下气payattentionto注意，集中精神putonaperformance演出，表演putonweight增肥，发福placeofinterest名胜古迹考点5短文填空名词考点常见的含有名词的固定搭配：英文中文英文中文playarolein在……中扮演角色raisemoney筹钱withone’shelp在某人的帮助下saveone’slife挽救某人的生命takeexercise做运动takeone’stemperature量某人的体温takesomemedicine吃药takeone’sadvice采纳某人的建议toone’ssurprise令某人吃惊的是……takeplace发生；出现takecareof照顾takepridein为……感到自豪shakehandswith和……握手takepartin参加

考点5短文填空名词考点考点专练1.(2017广东中考)Forexample,thetwobrothershavetogototheschool

______toborrowbooks.2.(2013广东中考)Theywereverysadandthenthrewriceintothe

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___tofeedthefishessothattheywouldstayawayfromhisbody．3.Mrs'GreenadvisedPaultotellhistroubletosomeone.PaulknewMrs'Greenwasrightanddecidedtotakeher

______．libraryriver/wateradvive真题再练

一、选词填空(来源于完形填空)（）1.(2020安徽)MymumthoughtthatIshoulddevelopandimprove(提高)myChinese___skills.Iseemedtoknowitwoulddomegoodinfuture,butatthattimeIcouldn'trealizetheadvantagesoflearningasecondlanguage．A.businessB.musicC.languageD.cooking（）2.(2020北京)Attheendofmyfirstyearofhighschool,IrealizedIneededtofindasummerjob.Iwastiredofhavingtoaskmyparentsfor___.Iwantedtogototheshoppingcenterormovieswithfriendswithouthavingtoaskfor$20frommyparents．A.foodB.moneyC.attentionD.adviceCB（）3.(2020贵州黔西南州)Therewasnoairconditioner(空调)ataplacewherethe___oftengoesover38℃!Itwastoohottomove．A.weatherB.skyC.sunD.temperature（）4.(2020南京)Mariaisalwaysfullof___becauseshetakesexerciseeveryday．A.energyB.talentC.humourD.wealth（）5.(2020河北)Inarestaurant,peopleusuallychoosefoodanddrinkfromthe___．A.bookB.menuC.newspaperD.magazineDAB二、完成句子(来源于短文填空)1.(2020湖北咸宁)Thatevening,mymomplacedaplateofeggs,sausagesandburned(烤焦的)______infrontofmydad.Iwaswaitingtoseeifanyonewouldsayanything.Yetmydadjustreachedforhiscookies,smiledatmymomandaskedmehowmydaywasatschool．2.(2020重庆)Slowdownandletyourmindfocus(专注)onyourbreathing.Bycontrollingyourbreathing,youbringyour______toworktogetherwithyourbody．cookiesmind3.(2020湖南岳阳)First,theywenttothefarmnearthecitytobuydifferent______ofvegetables.4.(2020浙江湖州)Peoplesometimesmake______,buttheimportantthingisthattheyownupto(承认)whatthey'vedone.5.(2020湖北孝感)Asaseniorhighschoolstudent,heisgoingtoreadasmanyas_______possibletoopenhismind.kindsmistakesbooks实战训练完形填空(2020江苏南京中考真题改编)Accordingtoseveralrecentsurveys,somepeoplefearpublicspeakingmorethananythingelse.Luckily,thisfearcanbeovercome(克服)withtwosimple1:practiceandusingpositive(正面的)energyfromtheaudience.Practicingforaspeechisessential.Afterthetaskofwritingthespeechiscomplete,2mustpractice,practice,practice.Themoretimestheypracticethespeech,themorecomfortabletheyarediscussingthe3.完形填空(2020江苏南京中考真题改编)Using4suchasmirrorsorvideorecordingsastheypracticecanshowspeakerswhattheylookandsoundliketothe