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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国矿业大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Hebasedhisconclusiononwhathe(

)fromtheevidence,notonwhatheactuallyobserved.

问题1选项

A.intuited

B.imagined

C.inferred

D.implied

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析题。intuit“由直觉知道”;imagine“设想,猜想”;infer“推断,猜想”;imply“暗指,暗含”;根据句意‘他的结论是基于自己对证据(

)结果,而不是基于自己实际观察到的。’确定C选项正确。

2.单选题

Isthatlovelygirloverthere(

)SusanBlakewhousedtobesofat?

问题1选项

A.an

B.a

C.the

D.one

【答案】C

【解析】语法---冠词和代词的使用。句意:在那边的那位可爱的女孩是过去一直如此胖的苏珊•布莱克?由句中“whousedtobesofat过去一直如此胖”可知SusanBlake为特定的某人,所以用表示特指的定冠词the,C选项正确。不定冠词a与an及代词one—般用来表示非特别指代的一个。

3.单选题

Theawfultruthabouttoxicwastedumpingintheirneighborhood(

)manycommunitymembers.

问题1选项

A.informed

B.appeased

C.provoked

D.deceived

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析题。inform“通知,告诉”;appease“安抚,缓和,对...让步”;provoke“激怒,使恼怒,煽动”;deceive“欺骗”;根据句意‘有关倾倒在小区的有毒废物的骇人真相(

)了很多社区成员。’确定C选项正确。

4.单选题

Althoughwetriedtoconcentrateonthelecture,wewere(

)bythenoisefromthenextroom.

问题1选项

A.distracted

B.displaced

C.dispersed

D.discarded

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项distract“转移;分心”;B选项displace“取代;置换;转移”;C选项disperse“分散;传播”;D选项discard“抛弃;丢弃”。句意:尽管我们努力集中精力听演讲,但还是被隔壁房间的噪音……了。句中存在转折关系词,表明前后方向改变,前半句说“集中精力”,后半句则是噪音让我们“无法集中精力”。综合分析选项可知A选项正确。

5.单选题

EnvironmenthastakenratherabackseatpoliticallysincetheEarthsummitinRiodeJaneironearlyfiveyearsago.

(1)theproblemsthatmeeting

(2)hadnotgoneaway.Oneenvironment(3)tank—theInternationalFoodPolicyResearchInstitute---hasbeenlookingatthefutureofwaterand(4)reportreflectsgrowingconcernatthehugeleapinusageoverthepastfewyears,Insomepatoftheworld,waterconsumptionhas

(5)

fivefold.Andtheinstitute,knownbyits(6)IFPKE,saysshortagescouldsoonbecomethe

(7)forconflictandamajorbarrierto(8)theworld’sgrowingpopulation.Here’sRichardBlackofourScienceUnit.

“It’softenbeensaidthatwater

(9)oilwillbethecauseofwarfareinthenextcentury.AccordingtotheIFPREreport,thetime

(10)thathappensmightnotbefaraway.Thenumberofpeople

(11)bywatershortageswillincreaseten

(12)overthenext30years,itsays,

(13)couldwellleadtolargescaleconflicts.

Themainreasonwhywaterisbecominga

(14)resourceisagriculture,whichnow

(15)

70%ofwaterconsumptionworldwide,90%insome

(16)countries.Countlessfannershaveswitchedfromgrowingindigenouscropsforthe

(17)markettohighyieldexportvarieties,which

(18)

needfarmorewater.ButtheIFPRIreportsaysthatinsomeregionswatershortageisnowthesinglebiggestimpedimenttofeedingthepopulation.Waterscarcity

(19)

leadstowaterpollution.IntheIndianStateofWestBengal,forexample,overextractionofwaterfromboreholeshasledtoarsenicpoisoningwhichis(20)tohaveaffectedtwomillionpeoplesofar.ButtheIFPRIreportcallsforbetterwatermanagementworldwideincludingfinancialincentivestoencourageconservation.”

问题1选项

A.But

B.So

C.And

D.For

问题2选项

A.overcome

B.highlighted

C.motivated

D.confronted

问题3选项

A.thoughtful

B.thought

C.thinking

D.think

问题4选项

A.those

B.whose

C.its

D.their

问题5选项

A.decreased

B.increased

C.expanded

D.dwindled

问题6选项

A.initials

B.capitals

C.beginnings

D.letters

问题7选项

A.trigger

B.effect

C.initiation

D.consequence

问题8选项

A.feed

B.raise

C.feeding

D.raising

问题9选项

A.insteadof

B.inresponseto

C.inplaceof

D.ratherthan

问题10选项

A.which

B.how

C.why

D.when

问题11选项

A.affecting

B.affected

C.isaffected

D.isaffecting

问题12选项

A.double

B.multiple

C.fold

D.time

问题13选项

A.what

B.how

C.which

D.that

问题14选项

A.natural

B.scarce

C.plentiful

D.dormant

问题15选项

A.accountsfor

B.runsfor

C.speaksfor

D.countsfor

问题16选项

A.developed

B.developing

C.advanced

D.industrialized

问题17选项

A.home

B.export

C.exchange

D.foreign

问题18选项

A.remarkably

B.formidably

C.inevitably

D.consumedly

问题19选项

A.though

B.so

C.however

D.also

问题20选项

A.assessed

B.appraised

C.rated

D.estimated

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

第6题:A

第7题:A

第8题:B

第9题:A

第10题:D

第11题:B

第12题:C

第13题:A

第14题:B

第15题:B

第16题:B

第17题:A

第18题:D

第19题:D

第20题:D

【解析】(1)根据选项确定考察连词,句意:自从五年前在巴西里约热内卢举行的地球峰会以来,环境问题在政治上一直处于次要地位,而且遇到的问题并没有克服。表示句意顺承用and。

(2)A选项意思是‘克服,解决’,B选项意思是‘是突出,显著’,C选项意思是‘激发……的积极性’,D选项意思是‘面对,面临’。句意:而且遇到的问题并没有克服。A选项符合题意。

(3)根据空格后的名词tank确定这里需要填写一个形容词,只有A选项是形容词,所以A正确。

(4)根据空格后的动词reflects用的是三单形式,确定主语是单数,选项C符合题意。

(5)句意:在世界上的一些地方,用水量已经增长了五倍。A选项意思是‘减少’,B选项意思是‘增加’,C选项意思是‘扩大’,D选项意思是‘缩减’。B选项正确。

(6)A选项意思是‘英文缩写’,B选项意思是‘大写字母’,C选项意思是‘开始’,D选项意思是‘字母’。句意:这个因为它的缩写IFPKE而闻名的机构。A选项正确。

(7)A选项意思是‘触发器’,B选项意思是‘影响’,C选项意思是‘启蒙’,D选项意思是‘结果’。句意:短缺可能很快会触发冲突,A选项正确。

(8)feed意思是‘喂养’,raise意思是‘提高’,to表目的,后面接动词原形,排除CD选项。句意:也是阻碍世界人口增长的主要障碍,B选项正确。

(9)A选项意思是‘代替,而不是’,B选项意思是‘响应’,C选项意思是‘代替’,通常与be动词搭配使用,D选项意思是‘而不是’,通常不做主语。句意:人们常说水将代替石油将成为下个世纪战争的原因。A选项正确。

(10)定语从句,不缺成分,表示时间用when。

(11)空格后面有动词willincrease,所以空格里的词不能充当谓语,根据句意‘被水资源短缺影响的人’,表示被动,用过去分词,B选项符合题意。

(12)十倍,tentimes/fold/multiple,C选项正确。

(13)非限制性定语从句。用which引导。A选项正确

(14)A选项意思是‘自然的’,B选项意思是‘稀有的,缺乏的’,C选项意思是‘丰富的’,D选项意思是‘休眠的,静止的’。句意:水成为一种稀缺的资源的主要原因是农业。B选项正确。

(15)A选项意思是‘占……比例’,B选项意思是‘运行’,C选项意思是‘说明’,D选项意思是‘计数’。句意:农业用水占比全世界70%的水。B选项正确。

(16)A选项意思是‘先进的,发达的’,B选项意思是‘发展中的’,C选项意思是‘先进的,发达的’,D选项意思是‘工业化的’。句意:尤其是发展中国家。B选项正确。

(17)A选项意思是‘家,本地的’,B选项意思是‘出口’,C选项意思是‘交换,交易所’,D选项意思是‘外国的’。句意:无数的农民已经从种植本地农作物转向了高产的出口品种,A选项正确。

(18)A选项意思是‘显著地,非常地’,B选项意思是‘可怕地,强大地’,C选项意思是‘不可避免地,必然地’,D选项意思是‘格外地,大大地’。句意:无数的农民已经从种植本地农作物转向了高产的出口品种,这需要格外多的水。D选项正确。

(19)根据选项确定考察连词,句意:在一些地区,水资源短缺现在是养活人口的最大障碍。缺水还会导致水污染。Also表示‘也,还’,符合题意。

(20)A,B,C选项都表示‘评估’的意思,只有D选项是‘预估’的意思,所以D选项正确。

6.单选题

HostilitytoGypsieshasexistedalmostfromthetimetheyfirstappearedinEuropeinthe14lhcentury.TheoriginsoftheGypsies,withlittlewrittenhistory,wereshroudedinmystery.Whatisknownnowfromcluesinthevariousdialectsoftheirlanguage,Romany,isthattheycamefromnorthernIndiatotheMiddleEastathousandyearsago,workingasminstrelsandmercenaries,metal-smithsandservants.EuropeansmisnamedthemEgyptians,soonshortenedtoGypsies.Aclansystem,basedmostlyontheirtraditionalcraftsandgeography,hasmadethemadeeplyfragmentedandfractiouspeople,onlyreallyunifyinginthefaceofenmityfromnon-Gypsies,whomtheycallgadje.TodaymanyGypsyactivistsprefertobecalledRoma,whichcomesfromtheRomanywordfor“man”.ButonmytravelsamongthemmoststillreferredtothemselvesasGypsies.

InEuropetheirpersecutionbythegadjebeganquickly,withthechurchseeingheresyintheirfortune-tellingandthestateseeinganti-socialbehaviorintheirnomadism.Atvarioustimestheyhavebeenforbiddentoweartheirdistinctivebrightclothes,tospeaktheirownlanguage,totravel,tomarryoneanother,ortoplytheirtraditionalcrafts.Insomecountriestheywerereducedtoslavery,itwasn’tuntilthemid-1800sthatGypsyslaveswerefreedinRomania.InmorerecenttimestheGypsieswerecaughtupinNaziethnichysteria,andperhapshalfamillionperishedintheHolocaust.Theirhorseshavebeenshotandthewheelsremovedfromtheirwagons,theirnameshavebeenchanged,theirwomenhavebeensterilized,andtheirchildrenhavebeenforciblygivenforadoptiontonon-Gypsyfamilies.

ButtheGypsieshaveconfoundedpredictionsoftheirdisappearanceasadistinctethnicgroupandtheirnumbershaveburgeoned.Todaythereareanestimated8to12millionGypsiesscatteredacrossEurope,makingthemthecontinent’slargestminority.Theexactnumberishardtopindown.Gypsieshaveregularlybeenundercounted,bothbyregimesanxioustodownplaytheirprofileandbyGypsiesthemselves,seekingtoavoidbureaucracies.Attemptingtoremedypastinequities,activistgroupsmayovercount.HundredsofthousandsmorehaveemigratedtotheAmericasandelsewhere.WithveryfewexceptionsGypsieshaveexpressednogreatdesireforacountrytocalltheirown-unliketheJews,towhomtheGypsyexperienceisoftencompared.“Romanestan”saidRonaldLee,theCanadianGypsywriter,“iswheremytwofeetstand.”

1.Gypsiesareunitedonlywhenthey(

).

2.InhistoryhostilitytoGypsiesinEuroperesultedintheirpersecutionbyallthefollowingEXCEPT

).

3.Accordingtothepassage,themaindifferencebetweentheGypsiesandtheJewsliesintheirconceptsof(

).

问题1选项

A.areengagedintraditionalcrafts

B.callthemselvesRoma

C.liveunderaclansystem

D.faceexternalthreats

问题2选项

A.theEgyptians

B.thestate

C.thechurch

D.theNazis

问题3选项

A.language

B.culture

C.identity

D.custom

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

【解析】1.事实细节题。题干“Gypsiesareunitedonlywhen”提供了重要信息,表明吉普赛人平时是并不会联合在一起,是个分散的民族。第一段倒数第三句中说到“onlyreallyunifyinginthefaceofenmityfromnon-Gypsies只有在面对来自非吉普赛人的敌意时才真正团结起来”,由此可知使吉普赛人团结起来的是外人的敌意。因此D选项“面对外部威胁”符合题意。

2.判断推理题。本题需要从欧洲对吉普赛人的种种迫害行为中作排除法。第二段提到“withthechurchseeingheresyintheirfortune-tellingandthestateseeinganti-socialbehaviorintheirnomadism教会在他们的算命中看到异端邪说,国家在他们的游牧中看到反社会行为”以及“InmorerecenttimestheGypsieswerecaughtupinNaziethnichysteria在更近的时期,吉普赛人陷入了纳粹种族狂热中”。因此教会、国家和纳粹都对吉普赛人进行了迫害,A选项“埃及人”符合题意。

3.判断推理题。本题需要找出吉普赛人与犹太人的区别。最后一段最后两居中说到了两个种族的比较“WithveryfewexceptionsGypsieshaveexpressednogreatdesireforacountrytocalltheirown-unliketheJews,towhomtheGypsyexperienceisoftencompared.除了极少数的例外,吉普赛人并没有表现出想要一个国家成为自己国家的强烈愿望——不像犹太人,吉普赛人的经历经常被拿来与犹太人作比较。”可知吉普赛人与犹太人的最大区别在于建立国家的愿望是否强烈,吉普赛人对自己身份的认同性不如犹太人高。C选项正确。

7.单选题

Asthemanagerwasawayonabusinesstrip,Iwasaskedto(

)theweeklystaffmeeting.

问题1选项

A.preside

B.introduce

C.chair

D.dominate

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项preside“管理;主持(常与over搭配)”;B选项introduce“介绍;引进;提出”;C选项chair“担任主席;主持;使……入座”;D选项dominate“控制;支配;占优势”。句意:由于经理出差去了,我被邀请……每周员工会议。此处应表示“主持会议”,A选项preside应与over搭配才表示“主持”,只有C选项符合题意。

8.单选题

The(

)ofelectroniccomputershasopenedupnewwaysofdataanalysisforthescientist.

问题1选项

A.advent

B.adverse

C.advert

D.advise

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近词辨析。句意:电子计算机的出现为科学家的数据分析开辟了新的道路。advent“来临”,名词;adverse“不利的;相反的”,形容词;advert“引起注意”,动词;advise“建议”,动词。根据题意,选项A符合题意。

9.单选题

Withintenyearstheyhavetamedthe(

)hillintogreenwoods.

问题1选项

A.vacant

B.barren

C.weird

D.wasteful

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项vacant“空虚的;空的;空闲的”;B选项barren“贫瘠的,荒芜的;不生育的;无益的”;C选项weird“怪异的;超自然的”;D选项wasteful“浪费的;不经济的;奢侈的”。句意:十年之内,他们将那座……山开垦成了绿林。由句意可知此处表示“荒山”,能表示此义的只有B选项barrenhill“荒山”。

10.单选题

Itisdifficulttodistinguishbetweenthethingsthatcharismaticfiguresdo(

)andthosethatarecarefullycontrivedforeffect.

问题1选项

A.formally

B.publicly

C.spontaneously

D.willfully

【答案】C

【解析】副词辨析题。formally“正式地,形式上”;publicly“公然地,以公众名义”;spontaneously“自发地,不由自主地”;willfully“故意地,任性固执地”。根句意‘我们很难区分有颂袖气质是人(

)做出的事情还是那些为了做样子而故意策划出事情。’可知空格处所填词要跟“carefullycontrivedforeffect为了做样子而故意策划”对应,所以C选项“自发地”正确。

11.单选题

Thesolutionworksonlyforcoupleswhoareself-employed,don'thavesmallchildrenandgetalong(

)tospendmostoftheirtimetogether.

问题1选项

A.toowell

B.sowell

C.wellas

D.wellenough

【答案】D

【解析】词组辨析题。toowell“太多;太好”,其在这里与空格后的to构成toowelltodosth.“太好而不能做某事的搭配,这与句意不符;sowell“这么好;如此……以至”,需要后接to引导的不定式时,—般用sowellastodosth.“好的如此以至去做某事”;没有wellas的短语,一般有aswellas“也;和…….一样”的词组;wellenough“很好,很健康,还可以,好到”,其在这里与空格后的to构成wellenoughtodosth.“足够去做某事”的短语。根据“tospendmostoftheirtimetogether度过他们的大部分时间”以及词组确定句意是‘这种解决方案只适用于个体经营、没有小孩且能和睦相处地一起度过他们的大部分时间的夫妻。’所以D选项正确。

12.单选题

Wedon't(

)anydifficultiesincompletingtheprojectsolongaswekeepwithinourbudget.

问题1选项

A.foresee

B.fabricate

C.infer

D.inhibit

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项foresee“预见;预知”;B选项fabricate“制造;伪造;装配”;C选项infer“推断;推论”;D选项inhibit“抑制;禁止”。句意:只要我们不超出预算,我们就无法……完成这个项目就没有什么困难。完成项目的困难在于预算不够,不超预算则不应有困难,也就是现在“看不到有什么困难”,因此A选项正确。

13.单选题

Kneadthedoughuntilitissmoothand(

).

问题1选项

A.flexible

B.loose

C.elastic

D.resourceful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项flexible“灵活的;柔韧的;易弯曲的”;B选项loose“宽松的;散漫的;不牢固的”;C选项elastic“(物理上的)有弹性的;灵活的;易伸缩的”;D选项resourceful“资源丰富的;足智多谋的;机智的”。句意:把面团揉得光滑又……。面要筋道就得有弹性,因此C选项正确。

14.单选题

YoucannotimaginehowIfeel(

)withmydutiessometimes.

问题1选项

A.overflowed

B.overthrown

C.overwhelmed

D.overturned

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项overflow“溢出;挤满”;B选项overthrow“推翻;瓦解;背弃”;C选项overwhelm“淹没;压倒;受打击”;D选项overturn“推翻;倾覆”。句意:你无法想象有时我被工作……的感受。此处必然是强调工作内容过多的感受,overwhelm可表示“被工作淹没”,但一般与by搭配,可排除。只剩下A选项overflowwithduties,表示“满载重负”。

15.单选题

Giventhelackoffitbetweengiftedstudentsandtheirschools,itisnotsurprisingthatsuchstudentsoftenhavelittlegoodtosayabouttheirschoolexperience.Inonestudyof400adultswhohadachieveddistinctioninallareasoflife,researchersfoundthatthree-fifthsoftheseindividualseitherdidbadlyinschoolorwereunhappyinschool.FewMacArthurPrizefellows,winnersoftheMacArthurAwardforcreativeaccomplishment,hadgoodthingstosayabouttheirpre-collegiateschoolingiftheyhadnotbeenplacedinadvancedprograms.Anecdotal(名人轶事)reportssupportthis.PabloPicasso,CharlesDarwin,MarkTwain,OliverGoldsmith,andWilliamButlerYeatsalldislikedschool.SodidWinstonChurchill,whoalmostfailedoutofHarrow,aneliteBritishschool.AboutOliverGoldsmith,oneofhisteachersremarked,“Neverwassodullaboy.”Oftenthesechildrenrealizethattheyknowmorethantheirteachers,andtheirteachersoftenfeelthatthesechildrenarearrogant,inattentive,orunmotivated.

Someofthesegiftedpeoplemayhavedonepoorlyinschoolbecausetheirgiftswerenotscholastic.MaybewecanaccountforPicassointhisway.Butmostfaredpoorlyinschoolnotbecausetheylackedabilitybutbecausetheyfoundschoolunchallengingandconsequentlylostinterest.Yeatsdescribedthelackoffitbetweenhismindandschool:“BecauseIhadfounditdifficulttoattendtoanythinglessinterestingthanmyownthoughts,Iwasdifficulttoteach.”Asnotedearlier,giftedchildrenofallkindstendtobestrong-willednonconformists.Nonconformityandstubbornness(andYeats’slevelofarroganceandself-absorption)arelikelytoleadtoConflictswithteachers.

Whenhighlygiftedstudentsinanydomaintalkaboutwhatwasimportanttothedevelopmentoftheirabilities,theyarefarmorelikelytomentiontheirfamiliesthantheirschoolsorteachers.Awritingprodigy(神童)studiedbyDavidFeldmanandLynnGoldsmithwastaughtfarmoreaboutwritingbyhisjournalistfatherthanhisEnglishteacher.High-IQchildren,inAustraliastudiedbyMiracaGrosshadmuchmorepositivefeelingsabouttheirfamiliesthantheirschools.AbouthalfofthemathematiciansstudiedbyBenjaminBloomhadlittlegoodtosayaboutschool.Theyalldidwellinschoolandtookhonorsclasseswhenavailable,andsomeskippedgrades.

1.Themainpointtheauthorismakingaboutschoolsisthat(

).

2.TheauthorquotestheremarksofoneofOliverGoldsmith'steachers

).

3.PabloPicassoislistedamongthemanygiftedchildrenwho

).

4.Manygiftedpeopleattributedtheirsuccess

).

5.Therootcauseofmanygiftedstudentshavingbadmemoriesoftheirschoolyearsisthat(

).

问题1选项

A.theyshouldsatisfytheneedsofstudentsfromdifferentfamilybackgrounds

B.theyareoftenincapableofcateringtotheneedsoftalentedstudents

C.theyshouldorganizetheirclassesaccordingtothestudents’ability

D.theyshouldenrollasmanygiftedstudentsaspossible

问题2选项

A.toprovidesupportforhisargument

B.toillustratethestrongwillofsomegiftedchildren

C.toexplainhowdullstudentscanalsobesuccessful

D.toshowhowpoorOliver'sperformancewasatschool

问题3选项

A.paidnoattentiontotheirteachersinclass

B.contradictedtheirteachersmuchtoooften

C.couldnotcopewiththeirstudiesatschoolsuccessfully

D.behavedarrogantlyandstubbornlyinthepresenceoftheirteachers

问题4选项

A.mainlytoparentalhelpandtheireducationathome

B.bothtoschoolinstructionandtotheirparents’coaching

C.moretotheirparents’encouragementthantoschooltraining

D.lesstotheirsystematiceducationthantotheirtalent

问题5选项

A.theirnonconformitybroughtthemalotoftrouble

B.theywereseldompraisedbytheirteachers

C.schoolcoursesfailedtoinspireormotivatethem

D.teacherswereusuallyfarstricterthantheirparents

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.观点态度题。本题其实也属于主旨类题,解决方式也是找主旨。文章多出出现了“giftedstudents天赋学生”,第一句说到“Giventhelackoffitbetweengiftedstudentsandtheirschools,itisnotsurprisingthatsuchstudentsoftenhavelittlegoodtosayabouttheirschoolexperience.考虑到天才学生和他们的学校之间的不和谐,这些学生经常对他们的学校生活没什么好的评价也就不足为奇了。”能提取出来的信息就是“天赋学生”对“学校”不满,原因是“不和谐”。学校无法满足他们的兴趣和要求,因此有天赋的学生并不喜欢学校。因此B选项“他们往往不能满足有才能学生的需要”正确。

2.作者意图题。在第一段最后部分说到“AboutOliverGoldsmith,oneofhisteachersremarked,“Neverwassodullaboy.”Oftenthesechildrenrealizethattheyknowmorethantheirteachers,andtheirteachersoftenfeelthatthesechildrenarearrogant,inattentive,orunmotivated.关于奥利弗•戈德史密斯,他的一位老师说:‘从来没有像他这样迟钝的孩子。’这些孩子常常意识到他们知道的比老师多,他们的老师常常觉得这些孩子傲慢、注意力不集中或缺乏动力。”因此作者在这引用也是为了论证上文中提到的观点:许多有天赋的学生在学校表现很差或很不高兴。A选项“支持他的论点”正确。

3.事实细节题。第二段第一、二句说到“Someofthesegiftedpeoplemayhavedonepoorlyinschoolbecausetheirgiftswerenotscholastic.MaybewecanaccountforPicassointhisway.有些有天赋的人可能在学校表现很差,因为他们的天赋不是学术的。也许我们可以这样解释毕加索。”说明毕加索的天赋并非学术性,因此在学校表现并不佳。C选项“不能成功地应付他们在学校的学习”符合文意。

4.事实细节题。本题是在找有天赋的学生自认为的成功原因,第三段第一句说到“Whenhighlygiftedstudentsinanydomaintalkaboutwhatwasimportanttothedevelopmentoftheirabilities,theyarefarmorelikelytomentiontheirfamiliesthantheirschoolsorteachers.在任何领域,当极具天赋的学生谈论什么对他们能力的发展重要时,他们更可能提到他们的家庭,而不是学校或老师。”因此在他们看来,成功的重要因素是“家庭”。A选项“主要是父母的帮助和他们在家里的教育”符合题意。

5.判断推理题。本题关键在于“rootcause根本原因”。A选项“他们的不一致给他们带来了很多麻烦”,文章并未重点讲述“麻烦”造成他们不喜欢学校生活;B选项“他们很少受到老师的表扬”和D选项“老师通常比他们的父母严厉得多”未提及,因此排除。C选项“学校的课程没能激励他们”,也就是没有引起他们的兴趣,第一段和第二段多处提到,这些学生常觉得自己比老师知道得多,因此学校的课程并没有什么挑战性。所以C选项正确。

16.单选题

Low-levelslash-and-burnfarmingdoesn'tharmrain-forest.Onthecontrary,ithelpsfarmersandimprovesforestsoils.ThisistheunorthodoxviewofaGermansoilscientistwhohasshownthatburntclearingsintheAmazon,datingbackmorethan1,000years,helpedcreatepatchesofrich,fertilesoilthatfarmersstillbenefitfromtoday.

Mostrain-forestsoilsarethinandpoorbecausetheylackmineralsandbecausetheheatandheavyrainfalldestroymostorganicmatterinthesoilswithinfouryearsofitreachingtheforestfloor.Thismeanstopsoilcontainsfewoftheingredientsneededforlong-termsuccessfulfanning.

ButBrunoGlaser,asoilscientistoftheUniversityofBayreuth,hasstudiedunexpectedpatchesoffertilesoilsinthecentralAmazon.Thesesoilscontainlotsoforganicmatter.Glaserhasshownthatmostofthisfertileorganicmattercomesfrom"blackcarbon"——theorganicparticlesfromcampfiresandcharred(烧成炭的)woodleftoverfromthousandsofyearsofslash-and-burnfanning.“Thesoils,knownasTerraPreta,containedupto70timesmoreblackcarbonthanthesurroundingsoil,”saysGlaser.Unbumtvegetationrotsquickly,butblackcarbonpersistsinthesoilformanycenturies.RadiocarbondatingshowsthatthecharredwoodinTerraPretasoilsistypicallymorethan1,000yearsold.

“Slash-and-burnfarmingcanbegoodforsoilsprovideditdoesn’tcompletelyburnallthevegetation,andleavesbehindcharredwood,”saysGlaser.“Itcanbebetterthanmanure(粪肥)Burningtheforestjustoncecanleavebehindenoughblackcarbontokeepthesoilfertileforthousandsofyears.Andrain-forestseasilyregrowaftersmall-scaleclearing.Contrarytotheconventionalviewthathumanactivitiesdamagetheenvironment,Glasersays:“BlackcarboncombinedwithhumanwastesisresponsiblefortherichnessofTerraPretasoils.”

TerraPretasoilsturnupinlargepatchesallovertheAmazon,wheretheyarehighlyprizedbyfanners.Allthepatchesfallwithin500squarekilometersinthecentralAmazon.Glasersaysthewidespreadpresenceofpotteryconfirmsthesoil’shumanorigins.ThefindingsaddweighttothetheorythatlargeareasoftheAmazonhaverecoveredsowellfrompastperiodsofagriculturalusethattheregrowthhasbeenmistakenbygenerationsofbiologistsfor“virgin”forest.Duringthepastdecade,researchershavediscoveredhundredsoflargeearthworksdeepinthejungle.Theyareupto20metershighandcoveruptoasquarekilometer.Glaserclaimsthattheseearthworks,builtbetweenAD400and1400,wereattheheartofurbancivilizations.NowitseemstherichnessoftheTerraPretasoilsmayexplainhowsuchcivilizationsmanagedtofeedthemselves.

1.Welearnfromthepassagethatthetraditionalviewofslash-and-burnfarmingisthat(

).

2.Mostrain-forestsoilsarethinandpoorbecause

).

3.Glasermadehisdiscoveryby

).

4.WhatdoesGlasersayabouttheregrowthofrain-forests?

5.Fromthepassageitcanbeinferredthat(

).

问题1选项

A.itdoesnoharmtothetopsoiloftherain-forest

B.itdestroysrainforestsoils

C.ithelpsimproverain-forestsoils

D.itdiminishestheorganicmatterinrain-forestsoils

问题2选项

A.thecompositionofthetopsoilisratherunstable

B.blackcarboniswashedawaybyheavyrains

C.organicmatterisquicklylostduetoheatandrain

D.long-termfarminghasexhaustedtheingredientsessentialtoplantgrowth

问题3选项

A.studyingpatchesoffertilesoilsinthecentralAmazon

B.examiningpotteryleftoverbyancientcivilizations

C.test-burningpatchesoftreesinthecentralAmazon

D.radiocarbon-datingingredientscontainedinforestsoils

问题4选项

A.Theytakecenturiestoregrowafterbeingburnt.

B.Theycannotrecoverunlessthevegetationisburntcompletely.

C.Theirregrowthwillbehamperedbyhumanhabitation.

D.Theycanrecovereasilyafterslash-and-burnfarming.

问题5选项

A.humanactivitieswilldogravedamagetorain-forests

B.Amazonrain-forestsoilsusedtobetherichestintheworld

C.farmingisresponsibleforthedestructionoftheAmazonrain-forests

D.thereonceexistedanurbancivilizationintheAmazonrain-forests

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。由题干可知,我们需要找的是“thetraditionalviewofslash-and-burnfarming对于刀耕火种的传统观点”,这一信息出现在文章第一段“Low-levelslash-and-burnfarmingdoesn'tharmrain-forest.Onthecontrary,ithelpsfarmersandimprovesforestsoils.低水平的刀耕火种并不会损害雨林。相反,它有助于农民和改善森林土壤。”文中出现了onthecontrary就说明出现了观点对比,且后面补充说到“Thisistheunorthodoxview这是一种非正统的观点”因此本句就是与传统观点相悖的地方。由此推出传统观点“刀耕火种会损害雨林”。B选项“它破坏雨林土壤”符合题意。

2.事实细节题。由题干关键信息“thinandpoor薄且贫瘠”定位到文章第二段第一句“Mostrain-forestsoilsarethinandpoorbecausetheylackmineralsandbecausetheheatandheavyrainfalldestroymostorganicmatterinthesoilswithinfouryearsofitreachingtheforestfloor.大多数雨林土壤都很贫瘠,因为它们缺乏矿物质,而且高温和强降雨会在土壤中的大部分有机物到达森林地面后的四年内将其破坏。”因此原因在于高温和强降雨会使土壤中有机物质迅速流失,这一点与C选项同义。

3.事实细节题。Glaser的研究结论由何而来,由题干定位到第三段第一句“ButBrunoGlaser,asoilscientistoftheUniversityofBayreuth,hasstudiedunexpectedpatchesoffertilesoilsinthecentralAmazon.但是,拜罗伊特大学的土壤科学家布鲁诺•格拉泽(BrunoGlaser)研究了亚马逊中部出人意料的肥沃土壤。”说明Glaser是研究了亚马逊中部意外发现的肥沃土壤才有了上述结论,因此A选项“研究亚马逊中部的肥沃土壤”正确。

4.观点态度题。题干关键信息“theregrowthofrain-forests雨林的再生”出现在文章第四段倒数第二句“Andrain-forestseasilyregrowaftersmall-scaleclearing.雨林在小规模的清理后很容易再生。”对比四个选项发现D选项“在刀耕火种后,他们很容易恢复。”符合文意。

5.判断推理题。A选项“人类活动将对热带雨林造成严重破坏”不符合文意,本文只是论述“刀耕火种创造的肥沃土壤使亚马逊中的文明得以存在”这一观点;B选项“亚马逊雨林的土壤曾经是世界上最肥沃的”文中并未提及;C选项“农业对亚马逊雨林的破坏负有责任”不属于文章论述的主要观点;D选项“在亚马逊雨林中曾经存在着一种城市文明”出现在文章最后一段,研究者发现亚马逊雨林中存在陶器及上百座大土方,推知古代在这里存在过人类文明。因此D选项正确。

17.单选题

Sincethetownspeopleweresodissatisfied,variousmethodsto(

)thesituationweredebated.

问题1选项

A.alleviate

B.tolerate

C.clarify

D.intensify

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析题。alleviate“减轻,缓和”;tolerate“忍受,容忍”;clarify“使(头脑、神智等)清醒,澄清”;intensify“增强,増加”;根据句意‘因为小镇居民极其不满,所以讨论了各种(

)形势的方案。’确定A选项“减轻,缓和”符合题意。

18.单选题

Excellentfilmsarethosewhich(

)nationalandculturalbarriers.

问题1选项

A.transcend

B.traverse

C.abolish

D.suppress

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项transcend“胜过,超越”;B选项traverse“穿过”;C选项abolish“废除;取消”;D选项suppress“抑制;镇压;废止”。句意:优秀的电影是那些能……国家和文化的障碍的电影。四个选项中能与“障碍”搭配的是A选项“transcend超越”。

19.单选题

TheAleuts,residingonseveralislandsoftheAleutianChain,thePribilofIslands,andtheAlaskanPeninsula,havepossessedawrittenlanguagesince1825,whentheRussianmissionaryIvanVeniaminovselectedappropriateoftheCyrillicalphabettorepresentAleutspeechsounds,recordedthemainbodyofAleutvocabulary,andformulatedgrammaticalrules.TheCzaristRussianconquestoftheproud,independentseahunterswassodevastatinglythoroughthattribaltraditions,eventribalmemories,werealmostdestroyed.Thebrutalkillingofthemajorityofanadultgenerationwassufficienttodestroythecontinuityoftribalknowledge,whichwasdependentuponoraltransmission.Asaconsequence,theAleutsdevelopedapassionatedevotiontotheirlanguageastheironlyculturalheritage.

TheRussianoccupationplacedaheavylinguisticburdenontheAleuts.NotonlyweretheycompelledtolearnRussiantoconversewiththeiroverseersandgovernors,buttheyhadtolearnOldSlavonictotakeanactivepartinchurchservicesaswellastomastertheskillofreadingandwritingtheirowntongue.In1867,whentheUnitedStatespurchasedAlaska,theAleutswereunabletobreaksharplywiththeirimmediatepastandsubstituteEnglishforanyoneoftheirthreelanguages.

TocommunicantsoftheRussianOrthodoxChurchknowledgeofSlavonicremainedvital,asdidRussian,thelanguageinwhichoneconversedwiththeclergy.TheAleutscametoregardEnglisheducationasadevicetowithdrawthemfromtheirreligiousfaith.TheintroductionofcompulsoryEnglishschoolingcausedaminorrebirthofRussiancultureastheAleutparentssoughttocounteracttheinfluenceoftheschoolroom.TheharshlifeoftheRussiancolonialrulebegantoappearmorehappyandbeautifulinretrospect.

RegulationsforbiddinginstructioninanylanguageotherthanEnglishincreaseditsunpopularity.ThesuperficialalphabeticalresemblanceofRussianandAleutlinkedthetwotonguessocloselythateveryrestrictionagainstteachingRussianwasinterpretedasanattempttoeradicatetheAleuttongue.Fromthewordingofmanyregulations,itappearsthatAmericanadministratorsoftenhadnottheslightestideathattheAleutsweresecretlyreadingandwritingtheirowntongueorevenhadwrittenlanguageoftheirown.Totoomanyofficials,anythinginCyrillicletterswasRussianandsomethingtobestampedout.BitternessbredbyabusesandtheexploitationstheAleutssufferedfrompredatoryAmericantradersandadventurerskeptalivetheAleutresentmentagainstthelanguagespokenbyAmericans.

1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwithdescribing(

).

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwasthemostimportantrea

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