2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国艺术研究院考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号64

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国艺术研究院考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

TheInternet,E-commerceandglobalizationaremakinganeweconomicerapossible.Inthefuture,capitalistmarketswilllargelybereplacedbyanewkindofeconomicsystembasedonnetworkedrelationships,contractualarrangementsandaccessrights.

Hasthequalityofourlivesatwork,athomeandinourcommunitiesincreasedindirectproportiontoallthenewInternetandbusiness-to-businessInternetservicesbeingintroducedintoourlives?IhaveaskedthisquestionofhundredsofCEOSandcorporateexecutivesinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.Surprisingly,virtuallyeveryonehassaid,“No,quitecontrary.”Theverypeopleresponsibleforusheringinwhatsomehavecalleda“technologicalrenaissance”saytheyareworkinglongerhours,feelmorestressed,aremoreimpatient,andareevenlesscivilintheirdealingswithcolleaguesandfriends—nottomentionstrangers.Andwhat'smorerevealing,theyplacemuchoftheblameontheverysametechnologiestheyaresoaggressivelychampioning.

Thetechnoguruspromisedusthataccesswouldmakelifemoreconvenientandgiveusmoretime.Instead,theverytechnologicalwondersthatweresupposedtoliberateushavebeguntoenslaveusinawebofconnectionsfromwhichthereseemstobenoeasyescape.

Ifanearliergenerationwaspreoccupiedwiththequesttoencloseavastgeographicfrontier,generation,itseems,ismorecaughtupinthecolonizationoftime.Everysparemomentofourtimeisbeingfilledwithsomeformofcommercialconnection,makingtimeitselfthemostscarceofallresources.Oure-mail,voicemailandcellphones,our24-hourInteractnewsandentertainmentallseizeforourattention.

Andwhilewehavecreatedeverykindoflabor-andtime-savingdevicetoserviceourneeds,wearebeginningtofeellikewehavelesstimeavailabletousthananyotherhumansinhistory.Thatisbecausethegreatproliferationoflabor-and-time-savingservicesonlyincreasesthediversity,paceandflowofcommodifiedactivityaroundus.Forexample,e-mailisagreatconvenience.However,wenowfindourselvesspendingmuchofourdayfranticallyrespondingtoeachother’selectronicmessages.Thecellphoneisagreattime-saver.Exceptnowwearealwayspotentiallyinreachofsomeoneelsewhowantsourattention.

Socialconservativestalkaboutthedeclineincivilityandblameitonthelossofamoralcompassandreligiousvalues.Hasanyonebotheredtoaskwhetherthehyperspeedcultureismakingallofuslesspatientandlesswillingtolistenanddefer,considerandreflect?

Maybeweneedtoaskwhatkindsofconnectionsreallycountandwhattypesofaccessreallymatterinthee-economyera.Ifthisnewtechnologyrevolutionisonlyabouthyperefficiency,thenwerisklosingsomethingevenpreciousthantime—oursenseofwhatitmeanstobeacaringhumanbeing.

1.Accordingtothepassage,corporateexecutivesthinkthat（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

3.Wgeneration?

4.Inthesixthparagraph,theauthorimpliedthat（）.

5.Anappropriatetitleforthepassagemightbe（）.

问题1选项

A.technologyrenaissanceshouldbepushedforward.

B.technologyhasaprofoundimpactontheirlives.

C.technologyactuallyresultsinadeclineintheirlifequality.

D.technologyshouldbeaggressivelychampioned.

问题2选项

A.Technologywassupposedtofreepeople.

B.Tgenerationbecameslavesoftechnology.

C.Newtechnologiesoccupymuchofourtime.

D.Itisdifficulttoavoidtheinfluenceoftechnologywonders.

问题3选项

A.Technologicalwonders.

B.Accesstoinformation.

C.Time.

D.Timesavingdevices.

问题4选项

A.socialconservativesblamedthelossofmoralityontechnology.

B.generationwaslesscivilthantheearliergenerations.

C.thehyperspeedcultureledtothedeclineincivility.

D.technologymightmakepeoplelessimpatient.

问题5选项

A.TheNewInternetLife.

B.TheDrawbacksoftooMuchAccess.

C.TheFailureofTechnologicalRenaissance.

D.TheDecliningQualityofLife.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Hasthequalityofourlivesatwork,athomeandinourcommunitiesincreasedindirectproportiontoallthenewInternetandbusiness-to-businessInternetservicesbeingintroducedintoourlives?...“No,quitecontrary.”（我们在工作、家庭和社区的生活质量是否与我们生活中引入的所有新互联网和企业对企业的互联网服务成正比？……“不，完全相反。”）可知C选项“技术实际上导致了他们生活质量的下降”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Instead,theverytechnologicalwondersthatweresupposedtoliberateushavebeguntoenslaveusinawebofconnectionsfromwhichthereseemstobenoeasyescape.（相反，本应解放我们的科技奇迹，却开始把我们束缚在一个似乎无法轻易摆脱的联系网中）但并不是说网络一代变成了技术的奴隶，因此选B。

3.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的Everysparemomentofourtimeisbeingfilledwithsomeformofcommercialconnection,makingtimeitselfthemostscarceofallresources.（我们的每一个空闲时间都充满了某种形式的商业联系，使时间本身成为所有资源中最稀缺的）可知选C。

4.推理判断题。文章第六段中的Hasanyonebotheredtoaskwhetherthehyperspeedcultureismakingallofuslesspatientandlesswillingtolistenanddefer,considerandreflect?（有没有人问过，高速发展的文化是否让我们所有人都变得不那么有耐心，不太愿意倾听、推迟、考虑和反思？）可知D选项“科技可能会使人失去耐心”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了科技给人们生活带来的负面影响，因此B选项“使用过多的缺点”符合题意。

2.单选题

Thechildren'smercurialnatureswereinsharpcontrasttotheeven-tempereddispositionsoftheirparents.

问题1选项

A.artless

B.volatile

C.blithe

D.graceful

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：孩子们反复无常的性格和他们父母平和的性格形成了鲜明的对比。A选项artless“天真的，朴实的”；B选项volatile“不稳定的，反复无常的”；C选项blithe“愉快的”；D选项graceful“优雅的，优美的”。根据句意可知，mercurial应该是和even-tempered意思相反，mercurial意为“活泼善变的”，选项B与之意思相近，代入符合语境。

3.单选题

FamedsingerStevieWondercan’tseehisfansdancingathisconcerts.Hecan’tseethehandsofhisaudienceastheyapplaudwildlyattheendofhissuperstition.

Blindfrombirth,Wonderhaswaitedhiswholelifeforachancetosee.Recently,WondervisitedMarkHumayan,avisionspecialist.HethoughtthatanewdevicecurrentlybeingstudiedbyHumayanmightofferhimthatchance.

Thedevice,aretinalprosthesis,isatinycomputerchipimplantedinsideapatient’seye.Thechipsendsimagestothebrainandallowssomesightlesspeopletoseeshapesandcolors.Wonderhopedtheretinalprosthesismightworkforhim.“I’vealwayssaidthatifeverthere’spossibilityofmyseeing,”saidWonder,“thenIwouldtakethechallenge.”

UnfortunatelyforWonder,thatchallengewillhavetowait.Humayanexplainedthatthedeviceisn’treadyforpeoplewhohavebeenblindsincebirth.Theirbrainsmaynotbeabletohandlesignalsfromaretinalprosthesisbecausetheirbrainshaveneverhandledsignalsfromahealthyeye.

Theretinalprosthesisandotherdevices,however,showgreatpromiseinhelpingmanyothersightlesspeoplewhooncehadvisionseeagain.Perhapsonedaysoon,someformerlysightlesspeoplemaybeinWonder’saudiencelookingup—andseeinghim—fortheveryfirsttime.

Wonder’swillingnesstotakepartinretinalprosthesisstudiesandtheresultsofthosestudiesaregivingnewhopetopeoplewhothoughttheywouldbeblindfortherestoftheirlives.MorethanonemillionpeopleintheUnitedStatesareconsideredlegallyblind,meaningthattheireyesightisseverelyimpaired.Anotheronemillionaretotallyblind.

Twotypesofspecializedcellsintheretina—rodsandcones—arecriticalforpropervision.Lightenterstheeyeandfallsontherodsandconesintheretina.Thosecellsconvertthelighttoelectricalsignalswhichtravelthroughtheopticnervetothebrain.Thebraininterpretsthosesignalsasvisualimages.Rodsdetectlightatlowlevelsofillumination.Forinstance,rodsallowyoutoseefaintshadowsindimmoonlight.Cones,ontheotherhand,aremostsensitivetocolor.Somediseasescandamagecellsintheretina.Forinstance,maculardegenerationcausesblindnessandothervisionproblemsin700,000peopleintheUnitedStateseachyear.Theconditioniscausedbyalackofadequatebloodsupplytothecentralpartoftheretina.Withoutblood,therods,cones,andothercellsintheretinadie.

Devicessuchastheretinalprostheseswon’tpreventorcureoureyediseases,buttheymayhelppatientswhohaveeyedisordersregainsomeoftheirvision.Differentformsofretinalprosthesesarecurrentlybeingdeveloped.Ononetype,atinycomputerchipisembeddedintheeye.Thechiphasagridofabout2,500light-sensingelementscalledpixels.

Lightenteringtheeyestrikesthepixels,whichconvertthelightintoelectricalsignals.Thepixelsthensendtheelectricalsignalstonervecellsbehindtheretina.Thosecellssendsignalsviatheopticnervetothebrainforinterpretation.

Manypeoplewhohavehadaretinalprosthesisimplantedsaytheycanseeshapes,colors,andmovementsthattheycouldn’tseebefore.“Itwasgreat,”saidHaroldChurchey,whoreceivedhisretinalprosthesis15yearsafterhebecametotallyblind.“Toseelightaftersolong—itwasjustwonderful.Itwasjustlikeswitchingalighton.”

1.WhydidSteveWondervisitMarkHumayan?

2.WhomisMark'sretinalprosthesisreadyfor?

3.Fordetectingcolors,wedepend,inthefirstplace,on（）

4.Whydoesmaculardegenerationcauseblindnessandothervisionproblems?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthefunctionofretinalprosthesisistrueaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.HethoughtMark'sdevicemightrecoverhiseyesight.

B.HethoughtMarkmightneedhishelpindevelopingthedevice.

C.HethoughtMarkmightwanttolistentohisSuperstition.

D.HethoughtMarkmightimplantachipintohisrighteye.

问题2选项

A.Forthosewhohavebeenblindfrombirth.

B.Forthosewhostillhavefaintvision.

C.Fortheblindwhooncehadeyesight.

D.Forthosewhostillhaveonehealthyeye.

问题3选项

A.interpretationbythebrain.

B.conesoftheretina.

C.rodsoftheretina.

D.opticnerve.

问题4选项

A.Maculardegenerationcausesimproperinterpretationbythebrain.

B.Maculardegenerationmakestheretinalesssensitivetothelight.

C.Maculardegenerationchangesthefunctionsofrodsandcones.

D.Maculardegenerationcausesinadequatesupplyofbloodintheretina.

问题5选项

A.Itcanpreventsomeeyedisorders.

B.Itcancuresomeeyedisorders.

C.Itcanhelprecovereyesighttosomedegree.

D.Itcanrepairthedamagedcones.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据原文第二段的内容“Wonder自打出生眼睛就看不见，他一生都在等待一个机会。最近，Wonder拜访了视力专家MarkHumayan。他认为目前Humayan正在研究的一种新装置可能会给他提供这个机会。”由此可知，SteveWonder拜访MarkHumayan的原因是他认为MarkHumayan的设备可能会恢复他的视力，选项A正确。

2.判断推理题。根据第五段的第一句“Theretinalprosthesisandotherdevices,however,showgreatpromiseinhelpingmanyothersightlesspeoplewhooncehadvisionseeagain.然而，视网膜假体和其他装置在帮助许多曾经有过视力的盲人重见光明方面展现出了巨大的希望。”由此可推断，Mark的视网膜假体装置是为那些曾经有过良好视力的人准备的，所以选项C符合原文。

3.判断推理题。根据原文第七段的内容可知，视网膜中有两种特殊的细胞对正常的视力至关重要——杆状细胞和视锥细胞。第七段还提及“Cones,ontheotherhand,aremostsensitivetocolor.另一方面，视锥细胞对颜色最敏感。”由此可知，选项B正确。

4.细节事实题。根据关键词“maculardegeneration”定位到第七段后半部分的内容“Forinstance,maculardegenerationcausesblindnessandothervisionproblemsin700,000peopleintheUnitedStateseachyear.Theconditioniscausedbyalackofadequatebloodsupplytothecentralpartoftheretina.Withoutblood,therods,cones,andothercellsintheretinadie.例如，黄斑变性导致美国每年有70万人失明和其他视力问题。这种情况是由于缺乏足够的血液供应到视网膜的中央部分。没有血液，视网膜中的杆状细胞、视锥细胞和其他细胞就会死亡。”由此可知，选项D符合原文。

5.细节事实题。根据第八段的首句“Devicessuchastheretinalprostheseswon’tpreventorcureoureyediseases,buttheymayhelppatientswhohaveeyedisordersregainsomeoftheirvision.像视网膜假体这样的设备不能预防或治愈我们的眼病，但它们可以帮助有视力障碍的患者重获一些视力。”由此可知，视网膜假体能在一定程度上帮助恢复视力，所以选项C符合原文。

4.单选题

Ingeneral,theamountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifthofthetotal（）forlivingexpenses.

问题1选项

A.acceptable

B.applicable

C.advisable

D.available

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项acceptable“可接受的”；B选项applicable“可适用的，合适的”；C选项advisable“明智的”；D选项available“可获得的”。句意：一般来说，学生可用于住房的钱应该占全部生活费的五分之一。availablefor意为“可用于……的”，所以选项D正确。

5.翻译题

StandingintherightspotinthisgiganticcityandhillsdrapedwithapartmentcomplexescanremindyouofHongKong,thedensityofhabitationwillrecallTokyoandtheriver-spanningbrawn,repletewithanimmensenewstructureovertheYangtzethatechoestheBrooklynBridge,mightrecallNewYork.

Everywhereonelookshere,therearenewexpressways,newbridgesandtoweringnewhousingcomplexesrising,somanyinfactthatitistheoccasionalglimpseofsomethingold,ratherthanthesightofanythingnew,thattakesone’sbreathaway.

Chinahasbuiltmegacitiesbefore,ofcourse.Thecountry’sricheastaboundswiththem,strungalongthecoastfromTianjininthenorthtoShenzheninthefarsouthlikesomanypearls.ButtheswiftriseofChongqingrepresentsanewdeparture:amajorpushbyBeijingtospreadthefruitsofChina’seconomicboomtothecountry’svastinterior,hometothreeChineseinfour.

Oneafteranother,thebigcitiesoftheinteriorhaveeagerlyenteredtheracetourbanize,withmanyopenlybrandishingtheobjectiveofbecominga“worldcity”withinafewyears.Butwhetherjudgedbyitssize,itsambitionorthescaleoftransformation,Chongqing,withits12millionpeople,remainsinaclassbyitself.

【答案】置身于这座巨大的城市，站在密密麻麻满是公寓楼的山坡上可能会使你想到香港；这里密集的人口会让你想到东京；而那横跨长江两岸、仿效布鲁克林大桥豁然耸立的庞大新建筑物，或许会让你想到纽约。

放眼望去，到处都可以看到新建的高速公路，新架的桥梁和新盖的高耸入云的住宅楼。事实上，这类新建筑实在是太多了，令人目不暇接，以至于让人感到惊讶不已的往往不是什么新的高楼大厦，而是偶然瞥见一座旧建筑。

当然，在此之前中国已经有了一些超大城市，尤其在富裕的东部地区为数不少。这些城市从华北的天津到最南端的深圳，像一串珍珠镶嵌在中国沿海各地。但是重庆的迅速崛起却象征着一种新的开端：这表明北京正在大力推动中国经济繁荣的成果，将其延伸到幅员辽阔的内陆地区，那里是全国四分之三人口的家园。

中国内地的城市一个接一个竞相城镇化，其中很多城市公开炫耀它们的目标，声称要在几年内建成“世界大都市”。但无论从城市大小、追求目标还是改革规模来衡量，拥有1200万人口的重庆仍是独一无二的。

6.单选题

Overthepastdecade,manycompanieshadperfectedtheartofcreatingautomaticbehaviors—habits—amongconsumers.Thesehabitshavehelpedcompaniesearnbillionsofdollarswhencustomerseatsnacks,applylotionsandwipecountersalmostwithoutthinking,ofteninresponsetoacarefullydesignedsetofdailycues.

“Therearefundamentalpublichealthproblems,likehandwashingwithsoap,thatremainkillersonlybecausewecan’tfigureouthowtochangepeople’shabits,”saidDr.Curtis,thedirectoroftheHygieneCenterattheLondonSchoolofHygiene&TropicalMedicine.“Wewantedtolearnfromprivateindustryhowtocreatenewbehaviorsthathappenautomatically.”

ThecompaniesthatDr.Curtisturnedto—Procter&Gamble,Colgate-PalmoliveandUnilever—hadinvestedhundredsofmillionsofdollarsfindingthesubtlecuesinconsumers’livesthatcorporationscouldusedtointroducenewroutines.

Ifyoulookhardenough,you’llfindthatmanyoftheproductsweuseeveryday—chewinggums,skinmoisturizers,disinfectingwipes,airfresheners,waterpurifiers,healthsnacks,antiperspirants,colognes,teethwhiteners,fabricsofteners,vitamins—areresultsofmanufacturedhabits.Acenturyago,fewpeopleregularlybrushedtheirteethmultipletimesaday.Today,becauseofcannyadvertisingandpublichealthcampaigns,manyAmericanshabituallygivetheirpearlywhitesacavity-preventingscrubtwiceaday,oftenwithColgate,Crestoroneoftheotherbrandsadvertisingthatnomorningiscompletewithoutaminty-freshmouth.

Afewdecadesago,manypeopledidn’tdrinkwateroutsideofameal.Thenbeveragecompaniesstartedbottlingtheproductionoffar-offsprings,andnowofficeworkersunthinkinglysipbottledwateralldaylong.Chewinggum,onceboughtprimarilybyadolescentboys,isnowfeaturedincommercialsasabreathfreshenerandteethcleanserforuseafterameal.Skinmoisturizers—whichareeffectiveevenifappliedathighnoon—areadvertisedaspartofmorningbeautyrituals,slippedinbetweenhairbrushingandputtingonmakeup.

“Ourproductssucceedwhentheybecomepartofdailyorweeklypatterns,”saidCarolBerning,aconsumerpsychologistwhorecentlyretiredfromProcter&Gamble,thecompanythatsold$76billionofTide,Crestandotherproductslastyear.“Creatingpositivehabitsisahugepartofimprovingourconsumers’lives,andit’sessentialtomakingnewproductscommerciallyviable.”

Throughexperimentsandobservation,socialscientistslikeDr.Berninghavelearnedthatthereispowerintyingcertainbehaviorstohabitualcuesthroughrelentlessadvertising.Asthisnewscienceofhabithasemerged,controversieshaveeruptedwhenthetacticshavebeenusedtosellquestionablebeautycreamsorunhealthyfoods.ButforactivistslikeDr.Curtis,thisemergingresearchoffersatypeofsalvation.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,consumers’goodhabitsinthepastweredevelopedby（）.

2.Judgingfromthecontext,theword“killers”(Line1,Para.2)mostprobablyrefersto（）.

3.Judgingfromthecontext,ColgateandCrestaremostprobably（）.

4.Bottledwater,chewinggum,andskinmoisturizersareusedinparagraph5asexamplestoindicate（）.

5.Whichofthefollowinggroupshasunfavorableopiniononadvertising?

问题1选项

A.theeffortsofmanycompanies

B.themselvesautomatically

C.perfectartofcreatingautomaticbehaviors

D.acarefullydesignedsetofdailycues

问题2选项

A.fundamentalpublichealthproblems

B.thingswhichareextremelydifficulttodealwith

C.peoplewhodeliberatelytakeother’slife

D.newbehaviorsthathappenautomatically

问题3选项

A.famousAmericancompanies

B.dailyconsumerproducts

C.tooth-pastebrands

D.pearlywhitejewelry

问题4选项

A.theimportanceofgoodhabits

B.somedailynecessitiesforthecommonpeople

C.someproductsthathavesuccessfullychangedpeople’shabits

D.partofdailyorweeklypatternsofpeople’slife

问题5选项

A.Consumerpsychologists

B.Socialscientists

C.Companypresidents

D.ActivistslikeDr.Curtis

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段首句“Overthepastdecade,manycompanieshadperfectedtheartofcreatingautomaticbehaviors—habits—amongconsumers.在过去的十年中，许多公司已经完善了在消费者群体中形成自发性的行为或者说是习惯的艺术。”由此可知，过去消费者的许多习惯实际上是很多公司努力培养的结果，选项A符合原文。

2.词义推断题。根据第二段首句“Therearefundamentalpublichealthproblems,likehandwashingwithsoap,thatremainkillers.还有一些基本的公共卫生问题，比如用肥皂洗手，仍然是杀手。”由此可知，“killer”指的就是“fundamentalpublichealthproblems”，所以选项A正确。

3.判断推理题。根据第四段的最后一句“Today,becauseofcannyadvertisingandpublichealthcampaigns,manyAmericanshabituallygivetheirpearlywhitesacavity-preventingscrubtwiceaday,oftenwithColgate,Crestoroneoftheotherbrandsadvertisingthatnomorningiscompletewithoutaminty-freshmouth.如今，由于精明的广告宣传和公共健康宣传活动，许多美国人习惯给他们珍珠般洁白的牙齿一天两次的防蛀牙刷洗，常用的是高露洁、佳洁士或其他品牌中的某一个，这些产品经常宣传说，没有薄荷清新的口腔，早晨是不完整的。”由此可推测出，Colgate和Crest是牙膏品牌，所以选项C正确。

4.判断推理题。原文第六段的首句提及“当我们的产品成为日常或每周模式的一部分时，我们的产品就成功了”，也就是说，这些产品之所以成功，是因为它们改变了人们的生活习惯，而这些产品就是上文所提及的瓶装水，口香糖和润肤霜。所以选项C正确。

5.判断推理题。根据原文最后一段的内容可知“通过实验和观察，像伯宁博士这样的社会科学家们已经认识到，通过无休止的广告，将某些行为与习惯暗示联系起来是有用的。随着这种新的习惯科学出现，当这种策略被用于销售有问题的美容霜或不健康食品时，争议就爆发了。”由此可知，社会科学家们可能会对广告有不好的看法，所以选项B正确。

7.单选题

Thepovertylineistheminimumincomethatpeopleneedforanacceptablestandardofliving.Peoplewithincomesbelowthepovertylineareconsideredpoor.Economistsstudythecausesofpovertyinordertofindsolutionstotheproblem.

Asthegeneralstandardoflivinginthecountryrises,thepovertylinedoes,too.Therefore,evenwithtoday'srelativelyhighstandardofliving,about10percentofthepeopleintheUnitedStatesarebelowthepovertyline.However,ifthesepeoplehadstablejobs,theycouldhaveanacceptablestandardofliving.Economistssuggestseveralreasonswhypoorpeopledonothavejobs.

Foronething,morethanhalfofthepoorpeopleintheUnitedStatesarenotqualifiedtowork.Over40percentofthepoorpeoplearechildren.Bylaw,childrenlessthan16yearsoldcannotworkinmanyindustries.Alargenumberofpoorpeopleareold.Manycompaniesdonothirepeopleover65yearsold,thenormalretirementage.

Somepooradultsdonotlookforjobsforavarietyofpersonalreasons:theyaresick,theydonothaveanymotivation,theyhavefamilyproblems,ortheydonotbelievethattheycanfindajob.

Otherpoorpeoplelookforajobbutcannotfindone.Manypooradultsneverwenttohighschool.Therefore,whentheylookforjobs,theyhavefewskillsthattheycanoffer.

Atthepresenttime,thegovernmentthinksitcanreducepovertyinthecountryinthefollowingways.

First,ifthenationaleconomygrows,businessesandindustrieshiremoreworkers.Someofthepoorwhoarequalifiedtolookforjobsmayfindemployment.Thentheywillnolongerbebelowthepovertyline.

Second,ifsocietyinvestsinthepoor,thepoorwillbecomemoreproductive.Ifthegovernmentspendsmoneyonsocialprograms,education,andtrainingforpoorpeople,thepoorwillhavetheskillstooffer.Thenitismorelikelythattheycanfindjobs.

Finally,ifthegovernmentdistributessociety’sincomedifferently,itraisessomepoorpeopleabovethepovertyline.Thegovernmentcollectstaxesfromthenon-poorandgivesmoneytothepoor.Thesepaymentstothepoorarecalledwelfare.In1975over18millionpeopleintheUnitedStatesreceivedwelfare.

Someeconomistsarelookingforbettersolutionstothepovertyproblem.However,atthepresenttime,manypeopledependonwelfareforaminimallyacceptablestandardofliving.

1.Theauthor'smainpurposetowritethisarticleis（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

3.Morethan40percentofthepoorpeoplearechildren.Thisismainlybecause（）.

4.MostoftheAmericanpoorpeoplearenotqualifiedforemploymentbecause（）.

5.Wemayconcludedfromthepassagethat（）.

问题1选项

A.todefine(下定义)whatthepovertylineis

B.toexplainwhysomepeoplelivethepovertyline

C.tofindsolutionstotheproblemofpoverty

D.toshowsympathyforthosepoorpeople

问题2选项

A.TenpercentoftheAmericansliveapoorlife.

B.Poorpeoplearethosewholivebelowthepovertyline.

C.Thepovertylinerisesasthegeneralstandardoflivingrises.

D.Thepovertylinetendstobeatthesamelevel.

问题3选项

A.theydonothaveenoughmotivation

B.theyaresoyoungthattheydon’thavetherighttowork

C.theyfailtogetenougheducation

D.theyareverypoorinhealth

问题4选项

A.theydonothaveanymotivationtowork

B.theyarenotveryself-confident

C.theyaretooyoungortoooldtowork

D.theyhavephysicalandfamilyproblems

问题5选项

A.bettersolutionstothepovertyproblemarenotyetfound

B.welfarewillenablethemtoberich

C.poorpeoplearesuretogooutofthepovertylineiftheyhavechancestodobusiness

D.employmentisthebestsolutiontothepovertyproblem

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.作者意图题。原文首段最后一句和尾段的首句均有提及“经济学家们正在寻找更好的解决贫困问题的办法”，由此可知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是为了寻找解决贫困问题的方法。选项C符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据第二段的一、二句“Asthegeneralstandardoflivinginthecountryrises,thepovertylinedoes,too.Therefore,evenwithtoday'srelativelyhighstandardofliving,about10percentofthepeopleintheUnitedStatesarebelowthepovertyline.随着这个国家的总体生活水平提高，贫困线也在提高。因此，即使在今天生活水平相对较高的情况下，仍有大约10%的美国人生活在贫困线以下。”可知，选项A和选项C符合原文；再根据第一段的第二句“Peoplewithincomesbelowthepovertylineareconsideredpoor.收入低于贫困线的人被认为是穷人。”可知，选项B符合原文；只有选项D在文中没有信息提及。

3.细节事实题。原文第三段的前半部分提及“一方面，美国一半以上的穷人没有资格工作。40%以上的穷人是儿童。根据法律规定，不满16岁的儿童在许多行业都不能工作。”由此可知，最主要的原因是这些儿童太小，没有工作的权利，选项B符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据第三段的内容可知，美国大部分的穷人都没有工作，是因为这些人不是老人就是小孩，没有工作的能力，所以选项C符合题意。

5.判断推理题。根据原文最后一段的内容“Someeconomistsarelookingforbettersolutionstothepovertyproblem.However,atthepresenttime,manypeopledependonwelfareforaminimallyacceptablestandardofliving.一些经济学家正在寻找更好的解决贫困问题的办法。然而，目前许多人依靠福利来维持最低限度的可接受的生活水平。”由此可知，贫困问题并没有找到更好的解决办法，所以选项A正确。

8.单选题

Itisanastonishingfactthattherearelawsofnature,rulesthatsummarizeconveniently—（1）qualitativelybutquantitatively—howtheworldworks.Wemight（2）auniverseinwhichtherearenosuchlaws,inwhichthe1080elementaryparticlesthat（3）auniverselikeourownbehavewithutteranduncompromisingabandon.Tounderstandsuchauniversewewouldneedabrain（4）asmassiveastheuniverse.Itseems（5）thatsuchauniversecouldhavelifeandintelligence,becausebeingandbrains（6）somedegreeofinternalstabilityandorder.But（7）inamuchmorerandomuniversethereweresuchbeingswithanintelligencemuch（8）thanourown,therecouldnotbemuchknowledge,passionorjoy.

（9）forus,weliveinauniversethathasatleastimportantpartsthatareknowable.Ourcommon-senseexperienceandourevolutionaryhistoryhave（10）ustounderstandsomethingoftheworkadayworld.Whenwegointootherrealms,however,commonsenseandordinaryintuition（11）highlyunreliableguides.Itisstunningthataswegoclosetothespeedoflightourmass（12）indefinitely,weshrinktowardzerothickness（13）thedirectionofmotion,andtimeforuscomesasneartostoppingaswewouldlike.Manypeoplethinkthatthisissilly,andeveryweek（14）Igetaletterfromsomeonewhocomplainstomeaboutit.ButitisvirtuallycertainconsequencenotjustofexperimentbutalsoofAlbertEinstein’s（15）analysisofspaceandtimecalledtheSpecialTheoryofRelativity.Itdoesnotmatterthattheseeffectsseemunreasonabletous.Wearenot（16）thehabitoftravelingclosetothespeedoflight.Thetestimonyofourcommonsenseissuspectathighvelocities.

Theideathattheworldplacesrestrictionson（17）humansmightdoisfrustrating.Whyshouldn'twebeabletohaveintermediaterotationalpositions?Whycan’twe（18）fasterthanthespeedoflight?But（19）wecantell,thisisthewaytheuniverseisconstructed.Suchprohibitionsnotonly（20）ustowardalittlehumility;theyalsomaketheworldmoreknowable.

问题1选项

A.just

B.very

C.justnot

D.notjust

问题2选项

A.see

B.find

C.imagine

D.believe

问题3选项

A.makefor

B.makeof

C.makeup

D.makefrom

问题4选项

A.atleast

B.atmost

C.atlast

D.atthecost

问题5选项

A.likely

B.unlikely

C.really

D.virtually

问题6选项

A.want

B.demand

C.require

D.acquire

问题7选项

A.unless

B.until

C.if

D.evenif

问题8选项

A.more

B.larger

C.bigger

D.greater

问题9选项

A.Fortunately

B.Unfortunately

C.Happily

D.Unhappily

问题10选项

A.provided

B.prepared

C.armed

D.equipped

问题11选项

A.turnto

B.turnon

C.turnouttobe

D.turnawayfrom

问题12选项

A.decreases

B.increases

C.reduces

D.advances

问题13选项

A.in

B.at

C.with

D.from

问题14选项

A.ortwo

B.andtwo

C.eventwo

D.oftwo

问题15选项

A.clever

B.wise

C.brilliant

D.intelligent

问题16选项

A.of

B.in

C.with

D.at

问题17选项

A.that

B.which

C.matter

D.what

问题18选项

A.go

B.walk

C.travel

D.run

问题19选项

A.whether

B.unless

C.sofar

D.sofaras

问题20选项

A.press

B.have

C.make

D.entail

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

第6题:C

第7题:D

第8题:D

第9题: