2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号55

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Thecoast（）slowlyasourshipsailedouttosea.

问题1选项

A.receded

B.conceded

C.proceeded

D.exceeded

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项recede“后退；减弱”；B选项concede“承认；退让；给予”；C选项proceed“开始；继续进行；发生；行进”；D选项exceed“超过；胜过”。句意：这个海岸随着我们的船驶向大海而慢慢地后退。结合此处语义，A选项正确。

2.单选题

Theyarewritingtothemanagerwith（）therepairsrecentlycarriedoutattheaboveaddress.

问题1选项

A.theexceptionof

B.aviewto

C.thepurposeof

D.referenceto

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。withreferenceto“关于；根据”。句意：鉴于最近在以上地址所进行的修理工作，他们正在给经理写信。结合句意，故D选项正确。

3.单选题

Themost（）technologicalsuccessinthetwentiethcenturyisprobablythecomputerrevolution.

问题1选项

A.solemn

B.prominent

C.prosperous

D.prevalent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项solemn“严肃的；隆重的，郑重的”；B选项prominent“突出的，显著的；杰出的”；C选项prosperous“繁荣的；兴旺的”；D选项prevalent“流行的；普遍的”。句意：20世纪最显著的技术成功或许是计算机革命。结合句意，选B。

4.单选题

Thecostsassociatedwithnaturaldisastersareincreasingrapidly.Asaresult,officialsingovernmentandindustryhavefocusedmoreattentionondisastersandtheireffects.TheWhiteHouseOfficeofScienceandTechnologyPolicyhasestimatedthatdisasterscostthecountryabout$1billionperweek.HurricaneAndrew,theMidwestfloodof1993,andtheHanshinearthquakehaveshownthatindividualdisasterscancosttensifnothundredsofbillionsofdollars.Thisincreasingcosthasresultedingreaterfundingfromgovernmentandindustryforthedevelopmentoftechnologiesrelatedtodisasterprediction,andhasledtomoreresearchintotheeffectiveuseofpredictiveinformation.

Theinsuranceindustryhaslongbeenawareofthedangersofnaturaldisasters;the1906earthquakeinSanFrancisco,California,bankruptedscoresofinsurancecompanies.Buttheindustryhasfocusedparticularattentionondisasterpredictioninrecentyears,asspiralingcostsrevealedthatmanycompanieshadunderestimatedtheirfinancialexposure.Forinstance,priortoHurricaneAndrewin1992,manyinsuranceexpertsthoughtthattheworsthurricanepossiblewoulddonomorethan$8billionindamagestotheindustry.ThedamagescausedbyHurricaneAndrew,estimatedatabout$17billion,shatteredthesebeliefs.Today,estimatesofworst-casedisasterscenariosapproach$100billion.

Theinsuranceindustryhasthereforeincreaseditssupportforresearchintodisasterprediction.OnesucheffortinvolvesanumberofcompaniesthathavejoinedtogethertosupporttheBermuda-basedRiskPredictionInitiative,whichfundsdisasterresearch.Theexpectationisthattheresultinginformationwillplacetheindustryonamoresolidfoundationtomakedecisionsabouttheriskoffuturedisasters.Theindustryhasalsolobbiedforthegovernmenttobearsomeofthefinancialburdenofdisasterinsurance.Suchaprogramalreadyexistsforfloodinsurance,setupinthelate1960sbythefederalgovernmenttoinsureflood-proneareas.Thesetypesofprograms,effectivelyimplemented,couldbeincreasinglynecessaryinthefuturetomakeinsuranceavailableinareaspronetodisasters.

Becausethestakesaresohigh,thescienceofdisasterpredictionhasabrightfuture.Thevariousprojectsandprogramsillustratethatdisasterpredictionisatopicofconcerntoscientistsandpolicymakersalike.Hurricanes,tornadoes,floods,earthquakes,tsunamis,andvolcanoesallshowthattheeffectiveuseofdisasterpredictionsnotonlyrequiresadvancedtechnologybutalsorequiresthatsocietyconsidertheentireprocessofprediction—forecasts,communication,anduseofinformation.Becausetheycannotpredictthefuturewithcertainty,andbecausemuchremainstobelearned,scientistswarnthatsocietymustunderstandthelimitsofscientificpredictionsandbepreparedtoemployalternatives.Wiselyused,however,disasterpredictionhasthepotentialtoreducesociety’svulnerabilitytonaturaldisasters.

1.Theresultoftheincreasingcostsinnaturaldisastersis（）.

2.ThedifferencebetweentheactuallosscausedbyHurricaneAndrewandthelossestimatedbyinsurancecompaniesbeforethehurricaneis（）.

3.Thepurposeofinsurancecompaniestosupportdisasterpredictionresearchisthat（）.

4.Theword“tsunamis”(Line3,Para.4)mostlikelyrefersto（）?

5.Thekeyfactortoreducesociety’svulnerabilitytonaturaldisastersis（）.

问题1选项

A.greatlosssufferedbycommercialcompanies

B.government’sincreasedattentionondisaster

C.individual’sawarenesstonaturaldisasters

D.morefundstosupportthepredictionresearch

问题2选项

A.1billiondollars

B.8billiondollars

C.9billiondollars

D.17billiondollars

问题3选项

A.companieswanttomakemoneyfromtheinsuredplaces

B.companiesmaythushaveabetterideaofthefuturerisks

C.companiescangetmoresympathiesfromthegovernment

D.companiesintendtomakeuseofpeople’strustintheindustry

问题4选项

A.violentstormwithwhirlingwindsinthefunnel-shapedcloud

B.aseriesofhugeanddestructivewaves,usuallycausedbylargeearthquakesbeneaththeocean

C.mountainfromwhichlava,cinders,steam,gasesescapethroughopeningsintheearth’scrust

D.stormwithaviolentwind,esp.acycloneintheWestAtlantic

问题5选项

A.insurancecompaniesshouldbewiseenoughintheirestimatesoflosses

B.thegovernmentshouldbearsomeofthefinancialrisksofdisasterinsurance

C.thegeneralpublicshouldbemadefullyawareofthepossibledamages

D.technologyshouldbeimprovedandthreephasesofpredictionbeconsidered

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干关键词theincreasingcost可以定位到原文首段“Thisincreasingcosthasresultedingreaterfundingfromgovernmentandindustryforthedevelopmentoftechnologiesrelatedtodisasterprediction,andhasledtomoreresearchintotheeffectiveuseofpredictiveinformation.”，中文翻译为：这种不断增加的损失已让政府和企业为开发与灾难预测相关的技术提供了更多的资金，且已带来对预测信息有效利用的更多研究。因此D选项“更多资金去支持预测研究”符合题意。

2.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Forinstance,priortoHurricaneAndrewin1992,manyinsuranceexpertsthoughtthattheworsthurricanepossiblewoulddonomorethan$8billionindamagestotheindustry.ThedamagescausedbyHurricaneAndrew,estimatedatabout$17billion,shatteredthesebeliefs.”，中文翻译为：例如，在1992年安德鲁飓风发生前，很多保险公司专家认为工业可能的最严重损失将至多80亿美元。而安德鲁飓风所造成的被估计大约为170亿美元的损失却打破了这些看法。可推断出C项“90亿美元”正确。

3.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文章第三段“Theexpectationisthattheresultinginformationwillplacetheindustryonamoresolidfoundationtomakedecisionsabouttheriskoffuturedisasters.”，中文翻译为：这种期望是，产生的消息将让该行业（即保险业）有更可靠的基础去决策未来灾害的风险。可知答案为B项“公司可能因此对未来风险有更好的了解”。

4.【试题解析】词汇题。根据题干关键词tsunamis可以定位到文章第四段第三句话“Hurricanes,tornadoes,floods,earthquakes,tsunamis,andvolcanoesallshowthat…”，中文翻译为：飓风、龙卷风、洪水、地震、海啸和火山都表明了……可以判断出该单词为“海啸”，因此B项“一系列巨大且破坏性的波浪，通常是海底大地震导致的”正确。

5.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可定位到原文第四段第三句话“Hurricanes,tornadoes,floods,earthquakes,tsunamis,andvolcanoesallshowthattheeffectiveuseofdisasterpredictionsnotonlyrequiresadvancedtechnologybutalsorequiresthatsocietyconsidertheentireprocessofprediction―forecasts,communication,anduseofinformation.”，中文翻译为：飓风、龙卷风、洪水、地震、海啸和火山都表明，有效利用灾害预测不仅需要先进的技术，而且需要社会考虑预测的整个过程——预测、通信和信息的使用。可知答案为D“应该改进技术，考虑预测的三个阶段”。

5.单选题

ThereismuchIenjoyaboutthechangingseasons,butmyfavoritetimeisthe（）fromfalltowinter.

问题1选项

A.transmission

B.transformation

C.transition

D.transfer

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项transmission“传动装置；传送；播送”；B选项transformation“转化；转换；改革；变形”；C选项transition“过渡；转变”；D选项transfer“转让；转移；传递；过户”。句意：虽然我对于变化的季节有很多喜欢的地方，但是我最喜欢的时间是从秋天到冬天的过渡。由句意可知C选项正确。

6.单选题

Peoplearelivinglongerthanever,butforsomereason,womenarelivinglongerthanmen.AbabyboybornintheUnitedStatesin2003canexpectstolivetobeabout73,ababygirl,about79.Thisisindeedawidegap,andnoonereallyknowswhyitexists.Thegreaterlongevity（长寿）ofwomen,however,hasbeenknownforcenturies.Itwas,forexample,describedintheseventeenthcentury.However,thedifferencewassmallerthan—thegapisgrowing.

Anumberofreasonshavebeenproposedtoaccountsforthedifferences.Thegapisgreatestinindustrializedsocieties,soithasbeensuggestedthatwomenarelesssusceptibletoworkstrainsthatmayraisetheriskofheartdiseaseandalcoholism.Sociologistsalsotellusthatwomenareencouragedtobelessadventurousthanmen（andthismaybewhytheyaremorecarefuldrivers,involvedinfeweraccidents）.

Evensmokinghasbeenimplicatedintheagediscrepancy.Itwasoncesuggestedthatworkingwomenaremorelikelytosmokeandasmorewomenenteredtheworkforce,theagegapwouldbegintoclose,becausesmokingisrelatedtoearlierdeaths.Now,however,weseemorewomensmokingandtheystilltendtolivelongeralthoughtheirlungcancerrateisclimbingsharply.

Onepuzzlingaspectoftheproblemisthatwomendonotappeartobeashealthyasmen.Thatis,theyreportfarmoreillnesses.Butwhenamanreportsanillness,itismorelikelytobeserious.

Someresearchershavesuggestedthatmenmaydieearlybecausetheirhealthismorestronglyrelatedtotheiremotions.Forexample,mentendtodiesoonerafterlosingaspousethanwomendo.Menevenseemtobemoreweakenedbylossofajob.（Bothofthesearelinkedwithamarkeddecreaseintheeffectivenessoftheimmunesystem.）Amongmen,deathfollowsretirementwithanalarmingpromptness.

Perhapswearesearchingfortheanswerstooclosetothesurfaceoftheproblem.Perhapstheanswersliedeeperinourbiologicalheritage.Afterall,thephenomenonisnotisolatedtohumans.Femaleshavetheedgeamongvirtuallyallmammalian（哺乳动物的）species,inthattheygenerallylivelonger.Furthermore,inmanyofthesespeciesthedifferencesbeginatthemomentofconception;therearemoremalemiscarriages（流产）.Inhuman,afterbirth,morebabyboysthanbabygirlsdie.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

2.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

3.AsissuggestedinParagraph2,thetwofactorsrelevanttowomen’slongerlifespanare（）.

4.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.Whichofthefollowingphenomenamakesresearcherspuzzled?

6.Theword“edge”inParagraph6means“（）”.

7.AccordingtoParagraph6,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

8.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Womendidnotlivelongerthanmenuntil17thcentury.

B.Thelongevitygapbetweenwomenandmenhasbeengrowingsince17thcentury.

C.AbabyboybornintheUnitedStatesin2003canlivetobeabout73.

D.Allwomenlivelongerthanmen.

问题2选项

A.Men’slifespanremainsalmostunchanged.

B.Researchershavefoundthecauseoftheagegap.

C.Themoreadvancedasociety,thegreatertheagegap.

D.Theagegapwasnoticedonlyrecently.

问题3选项

A.diseasesandroadaccidents

B.industrializationandworkstrains

C.theirimmunitytoheartdiseaseandrefusalofalcohol

D.theirenduranceofworkstrainsandreluctanceforadventure

问题4选项

A.Thegreatnumberofmalesmokerscontributestotheagegap.

B.Thegrowingnumberofsmokingwomenwillnarrowtheagegap.

C.Femaleworkersaremorelikelytosmokethanmaleworkers.

D.Smokingdoesnotseemtoaffectwomen’slongevity.

问题5选项

A.Men’shealthismorecloselyrelatedtotheiremotions.

B.Thoughmoreliabletoillnesses,womenstilllivelonger.

C.Menshowworsesymptomsthanwomenwhentheyfallill.

D.Quiteanumberofmendiesoonaftertheirretirement.

问题6选项

A.margin

B.side

C.advantage

D.quality

问题7选项

A.Onlyforhumanbeings,femaleslivelongerthanmales.

B.Womenlivelongerthanmenbecauseofgenes.

C.Femalesaredifferentfrommalessincethebeginningoflife.

D.BothBandC

问题8选项

A.Thegreaterlongevityofwomenremainsamystery.

B.Thatwomenarehealthierthanmenwellexplainstheirlongevity.

C.Peoplearelivinglongerasaresultofindustrialization.

D.Womenarelessemotionallyaffectedbydifficultiesinlife.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:B

第6题:C

第7题:C

第8题:A

【解析】1.【试题解析】判断推理题。A：直到17世纪，女性才比男性长寿。B：女性和男性的寿命差距自17世纪以来一直在扩大。由“Itwas,forexample,describedintheseventeenthcentury.However,thedifferencewassmallerthen—thegapisgrowing.（例如，这在17世纪就有描述。然而，当时的差异比现在小，现在的差距在增长）”可知A项以及B项错误。C：一个2003年出生在美国的男婴能够活到73岁。由“AbabyboybornintheUnitedStatesin2003canexpectstolivetobeabout73（一个于2003年出生在美国的男婴预期能够活到73岁）”可知C项正确。D：所有女性都比男性活得长。此项并未被提及。因此本题选C。

2.【试题解析】判断推理题。文章第一段讲女性更长寿，男女寿命存在差异，而且差距正在增加。第二段讲了一些造成差距大的可能因素。A：男性的寿命几乎保持不变。此项并未被前两段提及。B：研究者已经找到年龄差距的原因。此项不符合前两段所述，前两段只是提出了可能因素。C：社会越先进，寿命差距越大。此项可由前两段推断而出。D：寿命差距只是在最近才被注意。此项错误。因为第一段指出：Itwas,forexample,describedintheseventeenthcentury.（17世纪就有所描述了）。因此C项正确。

3.【试题解析】细节事实题。第二段中提到的影响男女寿命差异的两个因素是：女性工作压力比男性小，也没有男性那么爱冒险。因此，D项“她们承受的工作压力和不愿意冒险”正确。

4.【试题解析】判断推理题。第三段指出：Itwasoncesuggestedthatworkingwomenaremorelikelytosmokeandasmorewomenenteredtheworkforce,theagegapwouldbegintoclose,becausesmokingisrelatedtoearlierdeaths.Now,however,weseemorewomensmokingandtheystilltendtolivelongeralthoughtheirlungcancerrateisclimbingsharply.（曾经有人指出，职业女性吸烟的可能性更大，随着越来越多的妇女进入职场，年龄差距将开始缩小，因为吸烟与较早死亡有关。然而现在，我们看到越来越多的女性吸烟，她们的寿命也越来越长，尽管她们的肺癌发病率在急剧攀升）。由此推测，D项“吸烟似乎不会影响妇女的寿命”正确。

5.【试题解析】细节事实题。第四段指出：Onepuzzlingaspectoftheproblemisthatwomendonotappeartobeashealthyasmen.Thatis,theyreportfarmoreillnesses.Butwhenamanreportsanillness,itismorelikelytobeserious.（男女寿命差这个问题令人费解的一点是：女性似乎并没有男性健康。也就是，她们更容易得病。但是当一位男士生病了，往往更严重）。因此让研究人员费解的一点是B项“尽管女性更容易得病，但她们仍然活得更长”。

6.【试题解析】词义题。“edge”所在句为：Femaleshavetheedgeamongvirtuallyallmammalian（哺乳动物的）species,inthattheygenerallylivelonger.（几乎所有雌性的哺乳动物都拥有这个……，因为她们普遍活得更长）。由此推测，“edge”表示“优势”的意思。

7.【试题解析】判断推理题。A：只有人类的女性比男性命长。由“Afterall，thephenomenonisnotisolatedtohumans.Femaleshavetheedgeamongvirtuallyallmammalian（哺乳动物的）species,inthattheygenerallylivelonger.（毕竟，这种现象并不是人类所独有的。几乎所有雌性哺乳动物都拥有这个优势，因为她们普遍活得更久）”可知A项错误。B：女性比男性活得久，是由于基因方面的原因。由“Perhapswearesearchingfortheanswerstooclosetothesurfaceoftheproblem.Perhapstheanswersliedeeperinourbiologicalheritage.（也许我们正在寻找的答案只是问题的表面。也许答案在于更深层次生物遗传的原因）”可知B项错误。C：从生命一开始，男性和女性就存在差别。由“Inhuman,afterbirth,morebabyboysthanbabygirlsdie.（就人类而言，出生后死亡的男婴比女婴多）”可知C项正确。

8.【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章提出：人们的寿命普遍比以前长；但女性比男性活得久一些。并且分析了造成这种差异的可能因素。最后指出，也许男女寿命差异可能在于更深层次的生物遗传原因。因此A项“女性更长寿仍然是个迷”比较符合文章主旨大意。

7.单选题

Davidtendstofeeluselessandunwantedinasocietythatgivessomuch（）tothosewhoareaggressiveandcompetewell.

问题1选项

A.regime

B.prestige

C.superiority

D.legislature

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项regime“政权；政体；社会制度；管理体制”；B选项prestige“威望；声望；声誉”；C选项superiority“优越；优势”；D选项legislature“立法机关；立法机构”。句意：在一个给予那些有进取心且相当有竞争力的人很多声誉的社会里，大卫倾向于认为自己无用且不被该社会所需要。根据句意可知B选项正确。

8.单选题

Hisnewlypublishedbookadvancedthe（）thatwhalesareasintelligentashumans.

问题1选项

A.ruling

B.proposal

C.hypothesis

D.protocol

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项ruling“统治，支配；裁定”；B选项proposal“提议，建议；求婚”；C选项hypothesis“假设”；D选项protocol“协议；草案；礼仪”。句意：他最新出版的书提出鲸鱼如同人类一样聪明的假设。结合句意，C选项正确。

9.单选题

Atransformationisoccurringthatshouldgreatly（1）livingstandardsinthedevelopingworld.Placesthat（2）recentlyweredeafanddumbarerapidlyacquiringup-to-datetelecommunicationsthatwillletthem（3）bothinternalandforeigninvestment.Itmaytakeadecadeformanydevelopingcountriestoimprovetransportation,powersupplies,andother（4）.Yetasingle（5）fiberwitha（6）oflessthanhalfa/an（7）cancarrymoreinformationthanalargecablemadeofcopperwires.Manydevelopingcountriesareplanningtoinvestvastsumofmoney（8）theirtelecommunicationsnetworkstoallowthemtocompete,（9）thetransferofinformation,withdevelopedcountries.Howfastthesenationsshouldpushaheadisamatterofdebate.

Chinaismakingoneoftheboldestleaps（10）carefullyweighingcostsandchoosing（11）technologies.Overthenextdecade,itplanstopoursome$100billionintotelecommunicationsequipment.（12）China’sbackwardnessisanadvantage,becausetheexpansionoccurs（13）newtechnologiesarebecomingcheaperthancopperwiresystems.Bytheendof1995,eachofChina’s（14）capitalsexceptforTibetwillhavedigital（15）andotherlatestwirelesstransmissionsystem.Thismeansthatmajorcitiesaregettingthebasic（16）tobecomemajorpartsoftheinformationsuperhighway,allowingpeopleto（17）ontothemostadvancedservicesavailable.

Telecommunicationsisalsoakey（18）Shanghai’sambitionofbecomingatopfinancialcenter.Toofferpeakperformanceinprovidingtheelectronicdataandpaperlesstrading,Shanghaiplanstobeaselectronicallyadvanced（19）theCityofNewYork.

Someexpertsfear（20）thatsomedevelopingcountriesaretryingtodo（21）toosoon.Vietnam,（22）particular,（23）beingextremelyunderdevelopedandlackingenoughtelephonesofanytype,isdeterminedtocontributemoremoneytothemostexpensive,newesttechnologiestokeep（24）withanyoneinAsia.

Thailandisalsoturningtowireless,asawaytoallowThaistomakebetteruseofallthetimetheyspend（25）intraffic.Mobilephoneshavebecomethe（26）amongbusinesspeople,whocanremainincontactdespitethetrafficjams.

Forcountriesthathavelaggedbehindforsolong,thetemptationtomoveaheadinonejumpishardto（27）.And（28）themistakesthey’llmake,they’llpersist—（29）onedaytheycancruisealongsideAmericansandWesternEuropeans（30）theinformationsuperhighway.

问题1选项

A.boast

B.bloom

C.boom

D.boost

问题2选项

A.until

B.are

C.for

D.by

问题3选项

A.decrease

B.inform

C.promote

D.promulgate

问题4选项

A.means

B.utensils

C.utilities

D.structures

问题5选项

A.optical

B.slender

C.synthetic

D.moral

问题6选项

A.length

B.diameter

C.weight

D.volume

问题7选项

A.millimeter

B.centimeter

C.yard

D.inch

问题8选项

A.for

B.in

C.on

D.at

问题9选项

A.with

B.for

C.inrespectof

D.regardof

问题10选项

A.forward

B.by

C.ahead

D.for

问题11选项

A.for

B.at

C.by

D.between

问题12选项

A.Inaway

B.Inmemory

C.Inprospect

D.Meantime

问题13选项

A.since

B.like

C.justlike

D.justas

问题14选项

A.remote

B.renowned

C.provincial

D.affluent

问题15选项

A.transfer

B.switches

C.high-capacity

D.license

问题16选项

A.aspect

B.perspective

C.phase

D.infrastructure

问题17选项

A.access

B.log

C.grasp

D.take

问题18选项

A.with

B.to

C.point

D.question

问题19选项

A.more

B.than

C.like

D.as

问题20选项

A.however

B.instead

C.consequently

D.therefore

问题21选项

A.muchmore

B.toomany

C.toomuch

D.much

问题22选项

A.in

B.on

C.for

D.with

问题23选项

A.since

B.therefore

C.while

D.however

问题24选项

A.pace

B.step

C.rate

D.gait

问题25选项

A.fixed

B.stuck

C.retained

D.bound

问题26选项

A.model

B.passion

C.wrath

D.rage

问题27选项

A.resist

B.stop

C.recover

D.catch

问题28选项

A.nowthat

B.inspite

C.despiteof

D.despite

问题29选项

A.when

B.while

C.sothat

D.bythen

问题30选项

A.on

B.with

C.for

D.by

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

第6题:B

第7题:A

第8题:B

第9题:C

第10题:B

第11题:D

第12题:A

第13题:D

第14题:C

第15题:B

第16题:D

第17题:B

第18题:B

第19题:D

第20题:A

第21题:C

第22题:A

第23题:C

第24题:A

第25题:B

第26题:D

第27题:A

第28题:D

第29题:C

第30题:A

【解析】1.【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项boast“自吹自擂说；以有……而自豪”；B选项bloom“使开花；使茂盛”；C选项boom“使兴旺；发出隆隆声”；D选项boost“促进；增加；提高”。选项后“livingstandards”中文翻译为：生活水平。故D项最符合。

2.【试题解析】考查固定搭配。由untilrecently“直到最近”可知A选项正确。

3.【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项decrease“减少，减小”；B选项inform“通知；告诉”；C选项promote“促进；提升；推销”；D选项promulgate“公布；传播；发表”。联系上文“acquiringup-to-datetelecommunications”中文翻译为：获取最新的通讯，可知C选项正确。

4.【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项means“手段；方法”；B选项utensils“餐具；炊具”；C选项utilities“公用设施”；D选项structures“结构；［建］构筑物”。根据语境和句意，以及上文transportation，powersupplies，译为“交通、电力供应”可知C选项正确。

5.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。结合后文fiber，中文大意为：纤维，因此判断选A，与后文构成opticalfiber“光纤”。

6.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。A选项length“长度”；B选项diameter“直径”；C选项weight“重量”；D选项volume“体积”。联系上文“opticalfiber”意为：光纤，可知表示的为光纤的直径，B选项正确。

7.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。A选项millimeter“毫米”；B选项centimeter“厘米”；C选项yard“码；院子”；D选项inch“英寸”。由前文“光纤的直径”，可知A最合适。

8.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。结合下文telecommunicationsnetworks“通讯网络”可知选B。

9.【试题解析】考查固定搭配。inrespectof“在……方面”，可知C选项正确。

10.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。A选项forward“向前地”；B选项by“通过”；C选项ahead“向前地；领先地”；D选项for“为了；因为”。结合下文carefullyweighingcosts“仔细地权衡成本”可知该空格处应表示通过。因此可知B选项正确。

11.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。结合上下文“choosing选择”与“technologies技术”。判断出正确答案为D“在……之间”。

12.【试题解析】考查固定搭配。inaway“在某种程度上”，故答案为A。

13.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。A选项since“自……以来；自……”；B选项like“像；如同”；C选项justlike“就像，正如”；D选项justas“正当……时”。结合上文theexpansionoccurs“这个扩张发生”，故选D。

14.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。A选项remote“遥远的；偏僻的；疏远的”；B选项renowned“著名的；有声望的”；C选项provincial“省的”；D选项affluent“富裕的；丰富的；流畅的”。根据下文“capitals”中文翻译为：省会，以及“exceptforTibet”中文翻译为：除了西藏以外。可知此处对应C项“省的”。

15.【试题解析】考查固定搭配。digitalswitch“数字交换机”，结合上下文判断应选B。

16.【试题解析】考查词义。A选项aspect“方面；方向”；B选项perspective“观点；远景；透视图”；C选项phase“时期”；D选项infrastructure“基础设施；公共建设”。结合下文becomemajorpartsoftheinformationsuperhighway“变成信息高速公路的主要部分”，可知最佳答案为D。

17.【试题解析】考查固定搭配。logon“登录”。答案为B。

18.【试题解析】考查固定搭配。bekeyto“是……的关键”。答案为B。

19.【试题解析】考查固定搭配。as…as…“同……一样；像……一样”，答案为D。

20.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。A选项however“然而”；B选项instead“代替；反而；相反”；C选项consequently“因此；结果；所以”；D选项therefore“因此；所以”。结合上文Someexpertsfear“一些专家担心”可以判断出最符合的答案是选项A，表示转折关系。

21.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。A选项muchmore“更加；多得多”；B选项toomany“太多（修饰可数名词的复数形式）”；C选项toomuch“太多（修饰不可数名词）”；D选项much“许多，大量”。联系下文toosoon“太快”可知正确选项为C。

22.【试题解析】考查固定搭配。inparticular“尤其，特别”。可知A选项为最佳答案。

23.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。A选项since“自……以来；自……以后”；B选项therefore“因此；所以”；C选项while“虽然”；D选项however“然而；可是”。结合此处后文“beingextremelyunderdevelopedandlackingenoughtelephonesofanytype”，中文翻译为：极其不发达且缺少充足的任何种类的电话。可知最佳答案为C。

24.【试题解析】考查固定搭配。keeppacewith“保持；同步”，故答案选A。

25.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。A选项fix“使固定；修理”；B选项stick“阻止”；C选项retain“保持”；D选项bind“绑；约束；装订；包扎”。结合上下文可知答案为B。

26.【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项model“模型；模范；样式”；B选项passion“激情；热情”；C选项wrath“愤怒；激怒”；D选项rage“狂怒；风行一时的事物”。由上下文Mobilephones“移动电话”与businesspeople“商人”可知此处答案为D。

27.【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项resist“抵抗；忍耐，忍住”；B选项stop“停止；堵塞”；C选项recover“恢复；弥补；重新获得”；D选项catch“赶上；抓住；感染；了解”。结合上文“thetemptation”中文翻译为：诱惑，可知A为最佳答案。

28.【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项nowthat“既然”；B选项inspite“一般与of来构成inspiteof尽管”；C选项despiteof“不管；不顾；尽管（其后一般跟短语，而不跟完整的句子）”；D选项despite“尽管，不管（其后跟完整的句子）”。联系下文“themistakesthey’llmake”中文翻译为：他们将会犯的错误，可知此处是个完整的句子，故选D。

29.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。A选项when“当……时”；B选项while“虽然；然而；当……的时候”；C选项sothat“以便”；D选项bythen“到那时”。联系下文“onedaytheycancruisealongsideAmericansandWesternEuropeans”中文翻译为：将来有一天，他们能与美国人和西欧人一起漫游，判断出C为最佳答案。

30.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。根据下文“theinformationsuperhighway”中文翻译为：信息高速公路，可知答案为A。

10.单选题

Whenthedoctordoesageneralexperimentaboutthehumanmind,heselectspeople（）andasksthemalotofquestions.

问题1选项

A.atrandom

B.atlength

C.inessence

D.inbulk

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项atrandom“胡乱地；随便地；随意地”；B选项atlength“最后，终于；详细地”；C选项inessence“本质上；其实；大体上”；D选项inbulk“散装；大量”。句意：当医生对人类的大脑做一个综合性实验时，他随意挑选人且问他们很多问题。结合句意，A选项正确。

11.单选题

Bothchildrenseemtobedoingeverythingtheycouldto（）me,whenIwasalreadyinabadmoodbeforegettinghome.

问题1选项

A.agitate

B.aggravate

C.aggregate

D.alleviate

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项agitate“摇动；骚动；使激动”；B选项aggravate“加重；使恶化；激怒”；C选项aggregate“集合；聚集；合计”；D选项alleviate“减轻，缓解”。句意：当我在回家之前就已经心情不好的时候，两个孩子似乎在尽他们所能来缓解我的情绪。根据句意可知D选项正确。

12.单选题

Recentlyanumberofcaseshavebeenreportedofyoungchildren（）aviolentactpreviouslyseenontelevision.

问题1选项

A.modifying

B.duplicating

C.accelerating

D.stimulating

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项modify“修改，修饰；更改”；B选项duplicate“复制；模仿”；C选项accelerate“加速；促进；增加”；D选项stimulate“刺激；鼓舞，激励”。句意：最近，许多有关少年儿童模仿先前在电视上所看到的暴力行为的案件被报道。根据句意，判断出B选项正确。

13.单选题

Thescientistsbecameveryexcitedastheyfelttheywereonthe（）ofadiscovery.

问题1选项

A.crest

B.borderline

C.brink

D.bluff

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。onthebrinkof“在……的边缘”，句意：当感觉自己处于一个发现的边缘时，科学家们变得非常兴奋。故C选项正确。

14.单选题

Inthecollege-admissionswars,weparentsarethetruefighters.We’repushingourkidstogetgoodgrades,takeSATpreparatorycoursesandbuildresumessotheycangetintothecollegeofourfirstchoice.I’vetwicebeentothewars,andasIsurveythebattlefield,somethingdifferentishappening.Weseeourkids’collegebackgroundasaprizedemonstratinghowwellwe’veraisedthem.Butwecan’tacknowledgethatourobsessionismoreaboutusthanthem.Sowe’vecontrivedvariousjustificationsthatturnouttobehalf-truths,prejudicesormyths.Itactuallydoesn’tmattermuchwhetherAaronandNicolegotoStanford.

Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon’tbeenoughprizestogoaround.Fearfulparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolsthanever.Underlyingthehysteriaisthebeliefthatscarceelitedegreesmustbehighlyvaluable.Theirgraduatesmustenjoymoresuccessbecausetheygetabettereducatinganddevelopbettercontacts.Allthatisplausible—andmostlywrong.Wehaven’tfoundanyconvincingevidencethatselectivityorprestigematters.Selectiveschoolsdon’tsystematicallyemploybetterinstructionalapproachesthanless-selectiveschools.Ontwomeasures—professors’feedbackandthenumberofessayexams―selectiveschoolsdoslightlyworse.

Bysomestudies,selectiveschoolsdoenhancetheirgraduates’lifetimeearnings.Thegainisreckonedat2-4%forevery100-pointincreaseinaschool’saverageSATscores.Buteventhisadvantageisprobablyastatisticalfluke.Awell-knownstudyexaminedstudentswhogotintohighlyselectiveschoolsandthenwentelsewhere.Theyearnedjustasmuchasgraduatesfromhigher-statusschools.Kidscountmorethantheircolleges.GettingintoYalemaysignifyintelligence,talentandambition.Butit’snottheonlyindicatorand,paradoxically,itssignificanceisdeclining.Thereason:somanysimilarpeoplegoelsewhere.Gettingintocollegeisn’tlife’sonlycompetition.Inthenextcompetition—thejobmarketandgraduateschool―theresultsmaychange.Old-boynetworksarebreakingdown.PrincetoneconomistAlanKruegerstudiedadmissionstoonetopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGREhelpedexplainwhogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn’t.

So,parents,lightenup.Thestakeshavebeenvastlyexaggerated.Uptoapoint,wecanrationalizeourpushiness.Americaisacompetitivesociety;ourkidsneedtoadjusttothat.Buttoomuchpushinesscanbedestructive.TheveryambitionweimposeonourchildrenmaygetsomeintoHarvardbutmayalsosetthemupfordisappointment.Onestudyfoundthat,otherthingsbeingequal,graduatesofhighlyselectiveschoolsexperiencedmorejobdissatisfaction.Theymayhavebeensoconditionedtobeingontopthatanythinglessdisappoints.

1.Whydoestheauthorsaythatparentsarethetruefightersinthecollege-admissionswars?

2.Whydoparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolthanever?

3.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Kidscountmorethantheircolleges”(Line5，Para.3)?

4.Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?

5.Onepossible