2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号49

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Thenewspaper（）thedetailsoftheaccidentinashorttime.

问题1选项

A.disclosed

B.exhibited

C.exposed

D.discovered

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项disclose“公开；披露”；B选项exhibit“展览；显示；提出（证据等）”；C选项expose“揭露（多指揭露丑闻，坏人坏事或各种阴谋）；使曝光；显示”；D选项discover“发现；发觉”。句意：这份报纸不久就披露了这起事故的细节。结合此处语境，A选项正确。

2.单选题

Allthedecoration（）fromthebeautyofthebuilding’sshape.

问题1选项

A.damages

B.deteriorates

C.devalues

D.detracts

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项damage“毁坏”；B选项deteriorate“恶化”；C选项devalue“贬值”；D选项detractfrom“诋毁，贬低（某人的声誉、影响等）；减损（机器效能等）”。句意：所有的装饰有损于这栋建筑外形的美观。结合此处语境，D选项正确。

3.翻译题

Ourcountryassumesapracticalandactivepostureinthepursuitofworldpeace.TheUnitedNationshashadnomoreconsistentsupporterthanthiscountryforitscharterandtheworkofitsspecializedagencies.WetakepartinmanyUNactivitiesandhaveservedonmanyofitsbodies,includingtheSecurityCouncil.(1)Amongthespecializedagenciesandsubsidiarybodieswhatwesupportarethoseassistingindevelopment,foodsecurity,children,drugcontrolandhumanrights.Wehaveprovidedfinancialsupport,personnelandequipmentforalmostallmajorUNpeacekeepingactivities,contributedourassessedshareofthecostsofallUNoperationsandmadeadditionalcontributions.OurcountryisfullyinvolvedinUNdisarmament,armscontrolandouterspacework.WeacceptthejurisdictionoftheInternationalCourtofJusticeandareactiveindevelopmentoftheinternationallaw.

OureconomicandpoliticalfutureislinkedcloselywiththoseofitsAsianandotherPacificneighbors.Ourtrade,investmentandtechnologytransfer,intheformofjointventureswithsuchcountries,continuetogrow.(2)Throughregular,reciprocal,high-levelexchangesofvisitsourclosecontactwiththeirgovernmentscontinues,particularlywiththegovernmentofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.WetaketheviewthatpeaceandprosperityintheAsia-Pacificregiondependsontheabilityoftheregion’scountriestocooperateandmaintaineconomicgrowthandpoliticalstability.Wearekeentoensurethestabilityandsecurityofthisregionandtodevelopmutuallyprofitabletrade,investment,technologicalexchangesandcooperation.

PassageTwo

(1)Ourillusionsofsafetyandinvulnerabilityweregone,ourdisengagementfromworldaffairsexposedandtallied.Inonesense,wecannotbefaultedforseeinginthecollapseoftheTwinTowers,orinthedemiseofEnron,orinthebloodyconflictsthathavenoendinsight,signsthatthingsarefallingapartallovertheworld.Wecannotdenyallthatiswrongwiththeworld.Buteithercanweconcludethatalliswrongwiththeworld.(2)Everydayweseerolemodelsofexcellence,goodnessandcouragewhobringjoy,beauty,justice,andcomforttotheirfellowhumanbeings.Andiftheworldismovinginthewrongdirection,thenyouhavetheobligationtohelpturnthingsaround.WeadmittedyoutoUniversityPennsylvaniabecausewebelieveeachofyouhasthepotentialtohelphumanitybackoncourse.Yes,welooktoyoutoaddtothebodyofknowledgeinyourfieldsofstudyduringyourtimeoncampus;yes,weexpectyoutoacquiretheskills,knowledge,andtheprowesstoexcelandmakeimportantcontributionsinyourcareersandprofessions;andyes,Ihavenodoubtthateachofyouwillgofaronwhateverprofessionaltrackyouchoosetofollow.(3)Butwedidn’tbringyoutoUniversityPennsylvaniaonlytobecomeaccomplishedartists,brilliantwriters,preeminentscholars,savvypoliticiansorexpertengineers,webroughtyouherebecausewearecountingonyoutopursueBenjaminFranklin’sfoundingmandatetofocusontheoryandpractice,togainknowledgeforitsownsake,andtouseyourknowledgetothriveprofessionallywhileservinghumanity.

Directions:Eachofthefollowingtwopassageshassomeunderlinedparts.TranslatetheunderlinedpartsintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.

【答案】PassageOne

1.【参考译文】在各专门机构和附属机构中，我们支持的是那些协助发展、粮食安全、儿童、药物管制和人权的机构。我们为几乎所有主要的联合国维和行动提供了财政支持、人员和设备，缴纳了联合国所有行动的分摊费用，并提供了额外捐款。我国全面参与联合国裁军、军控和外层空间的工作。我们接受国际法院的管辖权，并积极参与国际法的发展。

3.【参考译文】通过定期的高层互访，我们继续与这些国家的政府，特别是与中华人民共和国的政府保持密切联系。我们认为，亚太地区的和平与繁荣取决于地区国家是否有能力开展合作，保持经济增长和政治稳定。我们渴望确保本地区的稳定与安全，发展互利的贸易、投资、技术交流与合作。

PassageTwo

1.【参考译文】我们对安全和坚不可摧的幻想消失了，我们与世界事务的脱离暴露了出来，并得到了证实。从某种意义上说，我们不能因为看到了世贸双塔的倒塌，安然公司的倒闭，或者看不到尽头的血腥冲突，就认为世界各地都在分崩离析。我们不能否认世界上所有的错误。但我们也不可以得出“这个世界的一切都是错的”这样的结论。

2.【参考译文】每一天，我们都能看到优秀、善良和勇敢的榜样，他们为人类同胞带来欢乐、美丽、正义和安慰。如果世界正朝着错误的方向发展，那么你有义务帮助扭转局面。我们录取你们进入宾夕法尼亚大学是因为我们相信你们每个人都有潜力帮助人类回到正轨。

3.【参考译文】但是，我们把你们带到宾夕法尼亚大学，并不是为了让你们成为有成就的艺术家、才华横溢的作家、卓越的学者、精明的政治家或专业的工程师。我们把你们带到这里，是因为我们指望你们履行本杰明·富兰克林的校训：专注于理论和实践，为了知识本身而获取知识，并利用你们的知识在专业上成功的同时也为人类服务。

4.单选题

Onceyougettoknowyourmistakes,youshould（）themassoonaspossible.

问题1选项

A.rectify

B.reclaim

C.refrain

D.reckon

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项rectify“纠正”；B选项reclaim“开拓；回收再利用；改造某人”；C选项refrain“节制，克制；避免；制止”；D选项reckon“测算，估计；认为”。句意：一旦你认识到自己的错误，那么你应该尽可能快地纠正它们。结合句意，A选项正确。

5.单选题

Afteranumberofdisagreementswiththecommittee,thehelplesschairman（）.

问题1选项

A.retired

B.dismissed

C.deserted

D.resigned

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项retire“退休；离开；收回”；B选项dismiss“解散；解雇；不予理会”；C选项desert“遗弃；放弃；逃跑”；D选项resign“辞去职务；放弃；委托；使听从”。句意：在与委员会产生很多分歧后，这位无助的主席辞去了自己的职务。结合此处语义，D选项正确。

6.单选题

Hisexpenditureonholidaysandluxuriesisratherhighin（）tohisincome.

问题1选项

A.proportion

B.proposition

C.proposal

D.proponent

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。inproportionto“与……比较起来”。句意：同他的收入相比较，他在度假和奢侈品上的花费太高了。结合此处语义，A选项正确。

7.单选题

Bulliedbytwoclassmates,theboybegantocryandtearslowly（）downhisface.

问题1选项

A.oozed

B.trickled

C.dribbled

D.leaked

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项ooze“渗出；泄漏”；B选项trickle“使……滴；一滴滴地流”；C选项dribble“连击；使滴下；运球”；D选项leak“使渗漏，泄露”。句意：受到两位同班同学的欺负后，这位男孩开始哭，然后眼泪顺着他的脸颊一滴滴地流下。结合此处句意眼泪应该是顺着他的脸颊一滴滴地流，判断出B选项正确。

8.单选题

Whenbreadpricesrose,Vladkhleb,abakery,askedthekraiandcityforhelpinholdingdownprices.Hereisaletteritwrote,publishedintheVladivostokTimesSept.9,2007

DearResidentsofVladivostok:

ThestaffandBoardofDirectorsofVladkhlebcan’tkeepsilentinthecurrentwildsituationwhenpricesforallexistingproductsareskyrocketingunbelievably.Andwhilewesomewhatindifferentlywatchenormousfiguresonpricetagsfordelicacyproducts,everykopeckofextrachargeforthestaplescausesarealpanic.Weperfectlyrealizethat,andthat’swhywehavekeptbreadpricesaffordableforallthistime.Evenaftertheriseofpriceswehavetriedtokeepthepastpricesforaslongaspossible.

Atthemomentallourreservesareexhausted.Stocksofbread-bakingingredientssuchasflour,sugar,butterandthelikearerunningout.Tobuywhatweneedatreasonablepricesisvirtuallyimpossibletoday.

However,wecannottemporize.Weallneedbreadeveryday,whichmeanswewillbeforcedtobuyeverythingweneedatmuchhigherprices.Whatthismeansperhapsdoesn’tneedtobeexplained.

Thecostofbreadcloselydependsoningredients.Anotherfinancialcrisishasledtoa50%－300%increaseofpricesforbutler,vegetableoil,alltypesofmargarine,yeastandotherasofSeptember1.Allthesepricescontinuetogroweveryhour.

Becauseofthis,Vladkhlebcametothecriticalpointwhereitisnecessarytoraisepricesofitsproducts.Otherwise,wewilljustdestroyamostpowerfulbreadenterprise.ShouldVladkhlebshutdown,thebreadpricewillgetoutofhand.

Oureconomistsprojectedthesituationforthenearfutureconsideringthegrowingflourcost.Withthecostofflourat2.18rublesperkilogramatthestartofSeptember,theretailbreadpricewastobe4.36rubles.Withanincreaseofflourcostto4rublesperkilogram,breadpricewillgrowto6.17rubles.Furthergrowthwillbepossible.

Soitturnsoutthatbreadmayrankwithdelicacyproducts.Isthereanotherwayout?Yes.Itisalreadyputintopracticebyleadersofothercitiesandregions.Forexample,MoscowMayorYuryLuzhkovusedthepressintheveryfirstdaysofthecrisistotelltheresidentsthathehaddecidedtosubsidizethebreadindustrysothatnottoallowpricesforthistypeoffoodtorise.Therewerenoobjections.SodidKhabarovsk―theretheypaysubsidiesforbreadbakingingredients.

Incidentally,thecityandkraiadministrationsalreadyhavetheexperienceofsupportingourplants.Ratherthanartificiallyholdingbackprices,theyemployedloansandwaiversandthelike.Atthispointallthecityandkraiofficesofauthorityaswellasdeputiesatalllevelscouldconsiderourpropositionssuchas:

Grantingwaiversontaxestokraiandcitybudgets;

Establishinglowerpricesforelectricandthermalenergyforaprogramofbreadproduction;

Facilitatinginreceptionofcustomsdutyandtaxwaiversfromthefederalgovernmentforimportedgrain;

RecoveryofPacificFleet’sdebtsintheamountof6millionrubles(calculatedasofAugust2007)forsuppliedproducts;

Loweringrentforpremisesandplots.

AnyofthesepossiblemeasureswillhelpVladkhlebcontainthegrowthofpricesforitsproducts.DespiteofourSOSsignal,nomeasureshavebeentakenasyet.Wehavefoundourselvesinthesamesituationasanyofyou.Weseethesituationchangingsteadilyfortheworse.Wewillnotcopewiththatalone.

Weseeonerecourse:Raisethebreadpriceminimallyandcancelourfreeplasticbagservice.Butwhatisnext?Thisistheconcernofallthe700employeesandtheboardofVladkhleb.

Everyextrakopeckinthecostofbreadupsetsyouandusverymuch.Makingoursincereapologiesforaforcedincreaseofthebreadprice,wehopeforyourunderstandingandsupport.Todayandtomorrowwearewithyou,asusual.

TheStaffandBoardofVladkhleb

1.InthisopenletterVladkhlebexplainstothepeopleofVladivostokthat（）.

2.Apossiblesolutiontothecrisis,Vladkhlebsuggestsis（）.

3.“Soitturnsoutthatbreadmayrankwithdelicacyproducts,”means（）.

4.Vladkhlebhasdecidednottoshutdownbecause,theysay,（）.

5.OneofVladkhlebpropositionstothelocalauthorities“RecoveryofPacificFleet’sdebtsintheamountof6millionrubles(calculatedasofAugust2007)forsuppliedproducts.”Means（）.

问题1选项

A.theycannolongersupplybread

B.thepriceofbreadwilltreble

C.allreservesofbread-makingingredientshavebeendepleted

D.itwillhavetoclosedown

问题2选项

A.touseingredientsofalowerquality

B.tocuttheworkers’wages

C.tourgepeopletoeatlessbread

D.tohavethebreadpricesubsidizedbytheauthorities

问题3选项

A.thatbreadhasbecomemuchtastierinrecentmonths

B.thatbreadhasbecomeasexpensiveascaviar

C.thatbreadhasbecomeanarticlemanypeoplecannolongerafford

D.thatbreadhasbecomemorecrispyinrecentmonths

问题4选项

A.theorganizationstillhasalotofoutstandingdebts

B.otherwisethepriceofbreadmaygetoutofhand

C.otherwisethedistributionofbreadmayendupinthehandsofthemafia

D.theiremployeesareloyalandhard-working

问题5选项

A.thatthearmystillowesthebakeryalotofmoneyforbreaddeliveredinthepast

B.thatVladkhlebstillowesalotofmoneytothearmyforingredientsthatitsuppliedinthepast

C.thatthelocalauthoritiesshouldaskformorefundsfromMoscowwhichwouldotherwiseendupwiththePacificFleet

D.thatthelocalauthoritiesshouldpaybackthedebtimmediately

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文第四段“Atthemomentallourreservesareexhausted.Stocksofbread-bakingingredientssuchasflour,sugar,butterandthelikearerunningout.”中文翻译为：此刻，我们所有的储备已用完。诸如面粉、糖、黄油和类似的面包烘焙原料正在耗尽。因此C选项“所有面包制作的原料已经被耗尽”符合题意。

2.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第九段“Forexample,MoscowMayorYuryLuzhkovusedthepressintheveryfirstdaysofthecrisistotelltheresidentsthathehaddecidedtosubsidizethebreadindustrysothatnottoallowpricesforthistypeoffoodtorise.”中文翻译为：例如，莫斯科市长YuryLuzhkov在危机出现的头几天里通过新闻界告诉居民，他已决定补助面包行业，以便不让这类食品的价格上涨。对应D选项“让面包价格受到政府补助”。因此D项符合题意。

3.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到文章第八段“Withanincreaseofflourcostto4rublesperkilogram,breadpricewillgrowto6.17rubles.Furthergrowthwillbepossible.”中文翻译为：随着面粉价格上涨至每公斤4卢布，面包的价格将上涨至6.17卢布。进一步的价格上涨将是可能的。可知答案为C项“面包已变成一种很多人不再能负担得起的商品”。

4.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到原文第七段“ShouldVladkhlebshutdown,thebreadpricewillgetoutofhand.”中文翻译为：如果Vladkhleb面包店停业，那么面包价格将失去控制。因此B项“否则，面包价格可能失去控制”正确。

5.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到原文倒数第五段“RecoveryofPacificFleet’sdebtsintheamountof6millionrubles(calculatedasofAugust2007)forsuppliedproducts.”中文翻译为：收回太平洋舰队因产品供应欠的六百万卢布债务（计算截止时间为2007年8月）。因此可知答案为C“当地政府应该向莫斯科要求更多资金，否则，最终要求莫斯科支付太平洋舰队所欠当地政府的债务”。

9.单选题

One’sattitudetowardsjobhuntingwouldbe（）tohisprospects.

问题1选项

A.critical

B.critic

C.crucial

D.criticized

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项critical“批评的，爱挑剔的；危险的；决定性的”；B选项critic“批评家，评论家；爱挑剔的人”；C选项crucial“重要的；决定性的；定局的；决断的”；D选项criticize“批评；评论；非难”。句意：一个人对找工作的态度对他的发展前景是重要的。故C正确。

10.单选题

Inanunfinishedbuthighlysuggestiveseriesofessays,thelateSarahEisensteinhasfocusedattentionontheevolutionofworkingwomen’svaluesfromtheturnofthecenturytotheFirstWorldWar.Eisensteinarguesthatturn-of-the-centurywomenneitherwhollyacceptednorrejectedwhatshecallsthedominant“ideologyofdomesticity,”butrathertookthisandotheravailableideologies—feminism,socialism,tradeunionism—andmodifiedoradaptedtheminlightoftheirownexperiencesandneeds.Inthusmaintainingthatwage-workhelpedtoproduceanew“consciousness”amongwomen,Eisensteintosomeextentchallengestherecent,controversialproposalbyLeslieTenderthatforwomentheworkexperienceonlyservedtoreinforcetheattractivenessofthedominantideology.AccordingtoTender,thedegradingconditionsunderwhichmanyfemalewageearnersworkedmadethemviewthefamilyasasourceofpowerandesteemavailablenowhereelseintheirsocialworld.Incontrast,Eisenstein’sstudyinsiststhatwage-workhadotherimplicationsforwomen’sidentitiesandconsciousness.Mostimportantly,herworkaimstodemonstratethatwage-workenabledwomentobecomeawareofthemselvesasadistinctsocialgroupcapableofdefiningtheircollectivecircumstance.Eisensteininsiststhatasagroupworking-classwomenwerenotabletocometocollectiveconsciousnessoftheirsituationuntiltheybeganenteringthelaborforce,becausedomesticworktendedtoisolatethemfromoneanother.

Unfortunately,Eisenstein’sunfinishedstudydoesnotdeveloptheseideasinsufficientdepthordetail,offeringtantalizinghintsratherthananexhaustiveanalysis.WhateverEisenstein’soverallplanmayhavebeen,initscurrentformherstudysuffersfromthelimitednatureofthesourcesshedependedon.Sheusesthespeechesandwritingsofreformersandlabororganizers,whosheacknowledgeswerefarfromrepresentative,asthevoiceofthetypicalwomanworker.Andthereislessthanadequateattentiongiventothedifferingvaluesofimmigrantgroupsthatmadeupasignificantproportionofthepopulationunderinvestigation.Whileraisingimportantquestions,Eisenstein’sessaysdonotprovidedefinitiveanswers,anditremainsforotherstotakeupthechallengestheyoffer.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,inEisenstein’sview,workingwomenattheturnofthecenturyhad

3.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraphofthepassage?

4.Whatdoestheword“tantalizing”(Line2,Para.2)probablymean?

5.WhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthorofthepassagebemostlikelytoapproveasacontinuationofEisenstein’sstudy?

问题1选项

A.criticizeascholar’sassumptionsandmethodology

B.evaluateanapproachtowomen’sstudy

C.comparetwosociologicaltheories

D.correctamisconceptionaboutfeministtheory

问题2选项

A.Theyresentedthedominantideologyasdegrading.

B.Theypreferredthedominantideologytootheravailableideologies.

C.Theybelievedthatthedominantideologyisolatedthemfromoneanother.

D.Theyacceptedsomebutnotallaspectsofthedominantideology.

问题3选项

A.Achronologicalaccountofahistoricaldevelopmentispresented,andthenfuturedevelopmentsarepredicted.

B.Atermisdefinedaccordingtoseveraldifferentschoolsofthought,andthenanewdefinitionisformulated.

C.Atheoryispresented,analternativeviewpointisintroduced,andthenthereasoningbehindtheinitialtheoryissummarized.

D.Atentativeproposalismade,reasonsforandagainstitareweighed,andthenamodifiedversionoftheproposalisoffered.

问题4选项

A.tempting

B.annoying

C.dubious

D.formal

问题5选项

A.Atheoreticalstudyofhowsocialismandfeminisminfluencedoneanotherattheturnofthecentury.

B.Ananalysisoflettersanddiarieswrittenbytypicalfemalewageearnersattheturnofthecentury.

C.Anassessmentofwhatdifferentsocialandpoliticalgroupsdefinedasthedominantideologyintheearlytwentiethcentury.

D.Adocumentaryaccountoflabor’sroleintheintroductionofwomenintothelaborforce.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据题干可以定位到文章主旨句，在最后一段“Whileraisingimportantquestions,Eisenstein’sessaysdonotprovidedefinitiveanswers,anditremainsforotherstotakeupthechallengestheyoffer.”，中文翻译为：尽管提出了重要的问题，但是Eisenstein的文章没有提供确切的答案，它仍需要其他人去接受这些问题提供的挑战。可以判断只有B项“评估了研究女人的一种方法”正确。

2.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文第一段“Eisensteinarguesthatturn-of-the-centurywomenneitherwhollyacceptednorrejectedwhatshecallsthedominant“ideologyofdomesticity,”butrathertookthisandotheravailableideologies―feminism,socialism,tradeunionism―andmodifiedoradaptedtheminlightoftheirownexperiencesandneeds.”中文大意为：Eisenstein认为世纪之交的女性既不完全接受也不完全拒绝她所谓的占主导地位的“家庭生活意识形态”，相反，她们接受这种意识形态和其他可用的意识形态，如女权主义、社会主义和工会主义，并且根据她们自己的经历和需要来修改或改编这些意识形态。D选项“她们接受了一些，而不是占主导地位的意识形态的所有方面”正确，符合题意。

3.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干关键词可定位到原文首段“Eisensteinarguesthatturn-of-the-centurywomenneitherwhollyacceptednorrejectedwhatshecallsthedominant‘ideologyofdomesticity,’butrathertookthisandotheravailableideologies―feminism,socialism,tradeunionism―andmodifiedoradaptedtheminlightoftheirownexperiencesandneeds.”中文翻译为：Eisenstein认为世纪之交的女性既不完全接受也不完全拒绝她所谓的占主导地位的“家庭生活意识形态”，相反，她们接受这种意识形态和其他可用的意识形态，如女权主义、社会主义和工会主义，并且根据她们自己的经历和需要来修改或改编这些意识形态，以及“...Eisensteintosomeextentchallengestherecent,controversialproposalbyLeslieTender…”中文翻译为：在一定程度上，Eisenstein质疑LeslieTender……最近提出的有争议的提议，判断C选项“提出一种理论，引出一种互斥的观点，然后总结第一个理论背后的推理”，正确。

4.【试题解析】词汇题。A:tempting“吸引人的”；B:annoying“讨厌的；恼人的”；C:dubious“可疑的；暧昧的；无把握的；半信半疑的”；D:formal“正式的；拘谨的；有条理的”。题干关键词“tantalizing”意为：诱人的。故选A。

5.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文最后一段“Sheusesthespeechesandwritingsofreformersandlabororganizers,whosheacknowledgeswerefarfromrepresentative,asthevoiceofthetypicalwomanworker.”中文翻译为：她（即Eisenstein）使用自己承认远非代表人物的改革者和劳工组织的发言和作品来充当典型的女性工作者的声音。因此B选项“分析世纪之交的典型女性工薪阶层所写的信和日记”符合题意。

11.单选题

Apopularwayofkeepingfitistogo（）,whichisakindofslow-tomedium-pacedrunning.

问题1选项

A.trotting

B.sauntering

C.strolling

D.jogging

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项trot“小跑”；B选项saunter“漫步；闲逛”；C选项stroll“漫步；闲逛；巡回演出”；D选项jog“慢跑；轻推，轻撞”。句意：保持健康的流行方式是去慢跑，其是一种缓慢到中等步伐的跑步。结合此处语境，D选项正确。

12.单选题

Thejudgeruledthattheevidencewasinadmissibleonthegroundsthatitwas（）totheissueathand.

问题1选项

A.irrational

B.unreasonable

C.irrelevant

D.invalid

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项irrational“不合理的”；B选项unreasonable“不合理的；非理智的”；C选项irrelevant“不相干的；不切题的”；D选项invalid“无效的；有病的；残废的”。句意：这位法官判定这一证据是不予采纳的，理由是它与手头的案件是不相干的。C选项正确。

13.单选题

Theyarewritingtothemanagerwith（）therepairsrecentlycarriedoutattheaboveaddress.

问题1选项

A.theexceptionof

B.aviewto

C.thepurposeof

D.referenceto

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。withreferenceto“关于；根据”。句意：鉴于最近在以上地址所进行的修理工作，他们正在给经理写信。结合句意，故D选项正确。

14.单选题

Shethoughtitcoulddonoharmto（）herescortabit,atleastonhistasteinwines.

问题1选项

A.complement

B.flatter

C.flatten

D.decorate

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项complement“补足；补充”；B选项flatter“奉承；谄媚；使高兴”；C选项flatten“击败；摧毁；使平坦”；D选项decorate“装饰；布置”。句意：她认为，稍微奉承下她的陪同不可能带来害处，至少在奉承其对葡萄酒的品味上不可能带来害处。结合此处语境，B选项正确。

15.单选题

UKandChinahassomethingsimilarintheircompulsoryeducationsystem.Firstly,bothinUKandChina,“mostchildrenreceivefreeeducationalfinancefrompublicfunds,butsmallportionsattendschoolswhollyindependentofpublicfinancialsupport.’’Secondly,bothofthetwocountrieshavelawstoensurecompulsoryeducation.Thirdly,thetwocountrieshavethesamecurriculums.Forexample,accordingtoZhuYongtaoandWangLili,foreignlanguagesaretaughtasanintegralpartofthecurriculum,reflectingtheimportanceofBritish’srelationshipwithEuropeandChina’srelationshipwithEnglishspeakingcountries.Fourthly,studentsinChinaandUKbothspend6yearsfinishingprimaryeducation.Fifthly,therearesomeimportantexamsforstudentsincompulsoryeducationsystemsinChinaandUK.InUK,therearetwomainexaminations.TheGeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation(GCSE)isusuallytakenby16-year-oldchildren.TheGeneralCertificateofEducationatAdvancedLevel(GCEAlevel),isnormallytakenattheendofthesecondyearby19-year-oldstudents.InChina,exceptforanexamforthesixthgradegraduatesinprimaryschool,thereisahighschoolentranceexaminationforJunior3students.

TherearelotsofdifferencesbetweenChinaandUKincompulsoryeducation.Itcanbedividedintofiveparts.

Firstly,theaimofeducationintheUKandChinaisnotquitesimilarwitheachother.AccordingtoSuiMingcai,Britisheducationaimsto“developindividualabilitiestothefullandtoshapethoseabilitiesforthebenefitofsocietyasawhole”.AndinChina,“it’stoleteveryoneaccepteducation,haveknowledgeandskillstomakelife.”

Secondly,theyearofcompulsoryeducationisdifferentbetweenthetwocountries.InUK,theagetobeginschoolis5(4inNorthernIreland),andthecompulsoryeducationendsat16,whereasinChinathecompulsoryeducationstartsfrom6andendsat14,whichisanine-yearcompulsoryeducation.

Thirdly,thescheduleofcompulsoryeducationinthetwocountriesisdifferent.AccordingtoWikipediaandSuiMingcai,Britishcompulsoryeducationcanbedividedintotwostages:primaryschoolsandsecondaryschools.Thestateschoolingwasfreeandcompulsoryuptothelegalschool-leavingage.WhileinChina,compulsoryeducationconsistsofprimaryschoolsandmiddleschools.

TheschoolyearinUKisdividedintothreeterms(autumn,springandsummer),whiletwoparts(spring,autumn)inChina.Britishschooldayinmoststatesandindependentschools(exceptforinfantandjuniorschool)usuallystartsat8:45a.m.andendsat3:30p.m.InChina,everyschooldayismadeupoftwoperiodswhichare7:30a.m.to12:00a.m.,2:30p.m.to5:30p.m.Studentscangohomeforlunch.ItshowsthatChinesestudentsusuallyspendmoretimeatschool.

Inaddition,inBritain,aschool-agechildcanreceivecompulsoryeducationathomeoratatutor’splaceorsomeotherforms,whileinChina,compulsoryeducationmeansschooleducation.

1.Thispassageismainlyconcernedwith（）.

2.InwhatwaydoesUKeducateitspeople?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.acomparisonstudyonfreeeducationsystembetweenChinaandUK

B.acomparisonstudyoncompulsoryeducationsystembetweenChinaandUK

C.acomparisonstudyonfinancialsystembetweenChinaandUK

D.acomparisonstudyonculturebetweenChinaandUK

问题2选项

A.UKintendstoeducateitspeopletheabilitiestoservethecountrywholly.

B.UKintendstoeducateitspeopletheindividualabilitiesfully.

C.UKintendstoeducateitspeopletheabilitiesonlyforthebenefitofthesociety.

D.UKintendstoeducateitspeopletheindividualabilitiesaswellastheabilitiesforthebenefitofthesociety.

问题3选项

A.ChildreninNorthernIrelandstartthecompulsoryeducationatanearlierage.

B.StudentsinUKspend16yearsforthecompulsoryeducation.

C.ThelengthoftheyearsforthecompulsoryeducationinChinais14years.

D.ThelengthoftheyearsforthecompulsoryeducationbothinUKandChinaisthesame.

问题4选项

A.TermsoftheschoolyearinUKdonotincludewinter.

B.StudentsinChinaandUKbothspend6yearsfinishingprimaryeducation.

C.StudentsinUKtaketwomainexaminationsnormallywhentheyare15and19yearsoldinthecompulsoryeducation.

D.StudentsinChinaspendmoretimeinschoolscomparedwithstudentsinUK.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】1.【试题解析】主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了中国和英国教育的异同之处。因此B选项“关于中国和英国的义务教育体系的对比研究”符合题意。

2.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段中“AccordingtoSuiMingcai,Britisheducationaimsto‘developindividualabilitiestothefullandtoshapethoseabilitiesforthebenefitofsocietyasawhole’”，中文翻译为：按照SuiMingcai的说法，整体来看，英国教育的目标是充分发展个人能力和塑造这些能力以造福社会。可以得知D选项“英国旨在培养人民的个人能力以及造福社会的能力”符合题意。

3.【试题解析】推理判断题。由选项中关键词定位到文章“InUK,theagetobeginschoolis5(4inNorthernIreland),andthecompulsoryeducationendsat16,whereasinChinathecompulsoryeducationstartsfrom6andendsat14,whichisanine-yearcompulsoryeducation.”，中文翻译为：在英国，5岁开始上学（在北爱尔兰是4岁），16岁义务教育结束；而在中国义务教育开始于6结束于14岁，实行的是九年制义务教育。可以得知A选项“北爱尔兰的孩子在更早的年龄开始义务教育”符合题意。

4.【试题解析】推理判断题。由A选项可以定位到文章中“TheschoolyearinUKisdividedintothreeterms(autumn,springandsummer),whiletwoparts(spring,autumn)inChina.”，中文翻译为：英国的学年分为三期（秋、春、夏）；而中国是两个学期（春和秋），可知A选项“英国的学年不包括冬天”正确；由B选项可以定位到文章中“Fourthly,studentsinChinaandUKbothspend6yearsfinishingprimaryeducation.”，中文翻译为：第四，中国和英国的学生都要6年完成初等教育。可知B选项“中国和英国的学生都花6年时间完成基础教育”正确；由C选项可以定位到文章中“InUK,therearetwomainexaminations.TheGeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation(GCSE)isusuallytakenby16-year-oldchildren.TheGeneralCertificateofEducationatAdvancedLevel(GCEAlevel),isnormallytakenattheendofthesecondyearby19-year-oldstudents.”，中文翻译为：英国有两次重要的考试。普通中等教育证（GCSE）考试通常是16岁的孩子参加。普通高级教育证书（GCEA）考试通常是在第二年年底由19岁的学生参加。可知C选项“英国的学生在义务教育阶段，一般是在15岁和19岁的时候参加两次主要的考试”错误；根据原文“Inaddition,inBritain,aschool-agechildcanreceivecompulsoryeducationathomeoratatutor’splaceorsomeotherforms,whileinChina,compulsoryeducationmeansschooleducation.”，中文翻译为：此外，在英国，学龄儿童可以在家里或导师那里或以其他形式接受义务教育，而在中国，义务教育意味着学校教育。可以得知D选项“与英国学生相比，中国学生在学校的时间更长”是正确的。故C选项符合题意。

16.单选题

The（）airthatlingersaroundthesewerpipesisenoughtomakeanyonegag.

问题1选项

A.raillery

B.noisome

C.supine

D.liturgy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词、名词词义辨析。A选项raille