2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号35

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Themayorisawomanwithgreat（）andthereforedeservesourpoliticalandfinancialassistance.

问题1选项

A.integrity

B.instinct

C.intensity

D.insanity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项integrity“完整；正直；诚实；廉正”；B选项instinct“本能；直觉；天性”；C选项intensity“强度；强烈”；D选项insanity“疯狂；精神错乱；愚顽”。句意：这位市长是一位非常正直的女性，因此值得我们的政治和财政援助。根据句意，A选项正确。

2.单选题

Inanunfinishedbuthighlysuggestiveseriesofessays,thelateSarahEisensteinhasfocusedattentionontheevolutionofworkingwomen’svaluesfromtheturnofthecenturytotheFirstWorldWar.Eisensteinarguesthatturn-of-the-centurywomenneitherwhollyacceptednorrejectedwhatshecallsthedominant“ideologyofdomesticity,”butrathertookthisandotheravailableideologies—feminism,socialism,tradeunionism—andmodifiedoradaptedtheminlightoftheirownexperiencesandneeds.Inthusmaintainingthatwage-workhelpedtoproduceanew“consciousness”amongwomen,Eisensteintosomeextentchallengestherecent,controversialproposalbyLeslieTenderthatforwomentheworkexperienceonlyservedtoreinforcetheattractivenessofthedominantideology.AccordingtoTender,thedegradingconditionsunderwhichmanyfemalewageearnersworkedmadethemviewthefamilyasasourceofpowerandesteemavailablenowhereelseintheirsocialworld.Incontrast,Eisenstein’sstudyinsiststhatwage-workhadotherimplicationsforwomen’sidentitiesandconsciousness.Mostimportantly,herworkaimstodemonstratethatwage-workenabledwomentobecomeawareofthemselvesasadistinctsocialgroupcapableofdefiningtheircollectivecircumstance.Eisensteininsiststhatasagroupworking-classwomenwerenotabletocometocollectiveconsciousnessoftheirsituationuntiltheybeganenteringthelaborforce,becausedomesticworktendedtoisolatethemfromoneanother.

Unfortunately,Eisenstein’sunfinishedstudydoesnotdeveloptheseideasinsufficientdepthordetail,offeringtantalizinghintsratherthananexhaustiveanalysis.WhateverEisenstein’soverallplanmayhavebeen,initscurrentformherstudysuffersfromthelimitednatureofthesourcesshedependedon.Sheusesthespeechesandwritingsofreformersandlabororganizers,whosheacknowledgeswerefarfromrepresentative,asthevoiceofthetypicalwomanworker.Andthereislessthanadequateattentiongiventothedifferingvaluesofimmigrantgroupsthatmadeupasignificantproportionofthepopulationunderinvestigation.Whileraisingimportantquestions,Eisenstein’sessaysdonotprovidedefinitiveanswers,anditremainsforotherstotakeupthechallengestheyoffer.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,inEisenstein’sview,workingwomenattheturnofthecenturyhad

3.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraphofthepassage?

4.Whatdoestheword“tantalizing”(Line2,Para.2)probablymean?

5.WhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthorofthepassagebemostlikelytoapproveasacontinuationofEisenstein’sstudy?

问题1选项

A.criticizeascholar’sassumptionsandmethodology

B.evaluateanapproachtowomen’sstudy

C.comparetwosociologicaltheories

D.correctamisconceptionaboutfeministtheory

问题2选项

A.Theyresentedthedominantideologyasdegrading.

B.Theypreferredthedominantideologytootheravailableideologies.

C.Theybelievedthatthedominantideologyisolatedthemfromoneanother.

D.Theyacceptedsomebutnotallaspectsofthedominantideology.

问题3选项

A.Achronologicalaccountofahistoricaldevelopmentispresented,andthenfuturedevelopmentsarepredicted.

B.Atermisdefinedaccordingtoseveraldifferentschoolsofthought,andthenanewdefinitionisformulated.

C.Atheoryispresented,analternativeviewpointisintroduced,andthenthereasoningbehindtheinitialtheoryissummarized.

D.Atentativeproposalismade,reasonsforandagainstitareweighed,andthenamodifiedversionoftheproposalisoffered.

问题4选项

A.tempting

B.annoying

C.dubious

D.formal

问题5选项

A.Atheoreticalstudyofhowsocialismandfeminisminfluencedoneanotherattheturnofthecentury.

B.Ananalysisoflettersanddiarieswrittenbytypicalfemalewageearnersattheturnofthecentury.

C.Anassessmentofwhatdifferentsocialandpoliticalgroupsdefinedasthedominantideologyintheearlytwentiethcentury.

D.Adocumentaryaccountoflabor’sroleintheintroductionofwomenintothelaborforce.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据题干可以定位到文章主旨句，在最后一段“Whileraisingimportantquestions,Eisenstein’sessaysdonotprovidedefinitiveanswers,anditremainsforotherstotakeupthechallengestheyoffer.”，中文翻译为：尽管提出了重要的问题，但是Eisenstein的文章没有提供确切的答案，它仍需要其他人去接受这些问题提供的挑战。可以判断只有B项“评估了研究女人的一种方法”正确。

2.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文第一段“Eisensteinarguesthatturn-of-the-centurywomenneitherwhollyacceptednorrejectedwhatshecallsthedominant“ideologyofdomesticity,”butrathertookthisandotheravailableideologies―feminism,socialism,tradeunionism―andmodifiedoradaptedtheminlightoftheirownexperiencesandneeds.”中文大意为：Eisenstein认为世纪之交的女性既不完全接受也不完全拒绝她所谓的占主导地位的“家庭生活意识形态”，相反，她们接受这种意识形态和其他可用的意识形态，如女权主义、社会主义和工会主义，并且根据她们自己的经历和需要来修改或改编这些意识形态。D选项“她们接受了一些，而不是占主导地位的意识形态的所有方面”正确，符合题意。

3.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干关键词可定位到原文首段“Eisensteinarguesthatturn-of-the-centurywomenneitherwhollyacceptednorrejectedwhatshecallsthedominant‘ideologyofdomesticity,’butrathertookthisandotheravailableideologies―feminism,socialism,tradeunionism―andmodifiedoradaptedtheminlightoftheirownexperiencesandneeds.”中文翻译为：Eisenstein认为世纪之交的女性既不完全接受也不完全拒绝她所谓的占主导地位的“家庭生活意识形态”，相反，她们接受这种意识形态和其他可用的意识形态，如女权主义、社会主义和工会主义，并且根据她们自己的经历和需要来修改或改编这些意识形态，以及“...Eisensteintosomeextentchallengestherecent,controversialproposalbyLeslieTender…”中文翻译为：在一定程度上，Eisenstein质疑LeslieTender……最近提出的有争议的提议，判断C选项“提出一种理论，引出一种互斥的观点，然后总结第一个理论背后的推理”，正确。

4.【试题解析】词汇题。A:tempting“吸引人的”；B:annoying“讨厌的；恼人的”；C:dubious“可疑的；暧昧的；无把握的；半信半疑的”；D:formal“正式的；拘谨的；有条理的”。题干关键词“tantalizing”意为：诱人的。故选A。

5.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文最后一段“Sheusesthespeechesandwritingsofreformersandlabororganizers,whosheacknowledgeswerefarfromrepresentative,asthevoiceofthetypicalwomanworker.”中文翻译为：她（即Eisenstein）使用自己承认远非代表人物的改革者和劳工组织的发言和作品来充当典型的女性工作者的声音。因此B选项“分析世纪之交的典型女性工薪阶层所写的信和日记”符合题意。

3.单选题

Well,nogainwithoutpain,theysay.Butwhataboutpainwithoutgain?EverywhereyougoinAmerica,youheartalesofcorporaterevival.Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheypresidingoverisforreal.

Theofficialstatisticsaremildlydiscouraging.Theyshowthat,ifyoulumpmanufacturingandservicestogether,productivityhasgrownonaverageby1.2%since1997.Thatissomewhatfasterthantheaverageduringthepreviousdecade.Andsince2001,productivityhasincreasedby2%ayear,whichismorethantwicethe1988-1997average.Thetroubleisthatpartoftherecentaccelerationisduetotheusualreboundthatoccursatthispointinabusinesscycle,andsoisnotconclusiveevidenceofarevivalintheunderlyingtrend.Thereis,asthetreasurysecretarysays,a“disjunction”betweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproductivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics.

Someofthiscanbeeasilyexplained.Newwaysoforganizingtheworkplace—allthatre-engineeringanddownsizing—areonlyonecontributiontotheoverallproductivityofaneconomy,whichisdrivenbymanyotherfactorssuchasjointinvestmentinequipmentandmachinery,newtechnology,andinvestmentineducationandtraining.Moreover,mostofthechangesthatcompaniesmakeareintendedtokeepthemprofitable,andthisneednotalwaysmeanincreasingproductivity:switchingtonewmarketsorimprovingqualitycanmatterjustasmuch.

Twootherexplanationsaremorespeculative.First,someofthebusinessrestructuringofrecentyearsmayhavebeenineptlydone.Second,evenifitwaswelldone,itmayhavespreadmuchlesswidelythanpeoplesuppose.

LeonardSchlesinger,aHarvardacademicandformerchiefexecutiveofAuBonPain,arapidlygrowingchainofbakerycafes,saysthatmuch“re-engineering”hasbeencrude.Inmanycases,liebelieves,thelossofrevenuehasbeengreaterthanthereductionsincost.Hiscolleague,MichaelBeer,saysthatfartoomanycompanieshaveappliedre-engineeringinamechanisticfashion,choppingoutcostswithoutgivingsufficientthoughttolong-termprofitability.BBDO’sAllenRosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish—“theworstsortofambulance-chasing.”

81.Accordingtotheauthor,theAmericaneconomicsituationis（）.

82.Theofficialstatisticsonproductivitygrowth（）.

83.Theauthorraisesthequestion“Whataboutpainwithoutgain?”because（）.

84.Whatdoestheword“blunter”(para.5,line6)mean?

85.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

问题1选项

A.notasgoodasitseems

B.atitsturningpoint

C.muchbetterthanitseems

D.neartocompleterecovery

问题2选项

A.excludetheusualreboundinabusinesscycle

B.fallshortofbusinessmen’santicipation

C.meettheexpectationofbusinesspeople

D.failtoreflectthetruestateofeconomy

问题3选项

A.hequestionsthetruthof“nogainwithoutpain”

B.hedoesnotthinktheproductivityrevolutionworks

C.hewondersiftheofficialstatisticsaremisleading

D.liehasconclusiveevidencefortherevivalofbusinesses

问题4选项

A.reasonable

B.disturbed

C.moreinsensible

D.franker

问题5选项

A.Radicalreformsareessentialfortheincreaseofproductivity.

B.Newwaysoforganizingworkplacesmayhelpincreaseproductivity.

C.Thereductionofcostsisnotasurewaytogainlong-termprofitability.

D.Openingupnewmarketsmayincreasethecompanies’profitability.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第二段“Theofficialstatisticsaremildlydiscouraging.”中文翻译为：官方的统计数字有点令人气馁。故选A“没有看上去那么好”。

2.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第二段“Thereis,asthetreasurysecretarysays,a‘disjunction’betweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproductivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics.”中文翻译：正如财政部长说的，生产力发生飞跃的商业传奇与统计数字所反映的情况之间存在着一种“脱节”。可知最佳答案为B选项“低于商人的预期”。

3.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第一段“Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheypresidingoverisforreal.”中文翻译：商人们认为自己主持着生产力革命，但是要确定是否确有其事却更加困难，以及尾段“BBDO’sAllenRosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish.”中文翻译为：BBDO公司的艾伦•罗森希纳更加直率。他把许多重组咨询专家所做的工作视为垃圾。可以推断出答案选择B“他认为生产力革命并未奏效”。

4.【试题解析】词汇题。A:reasonable“合理的，公道的”；B:disturbed“打扰的：心烦意乱的”；C:moreinsensible“更无动于衷的”；D:franker“更直率的”。根据题干定位到原文第五段“BBDO’sAllenRosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish.”中文翻译为：BBDO公司的艾伦•罗森希纳更加直率。他把许多重组咨询专家所做的工作视为垃圾，推测出blunter有“更直率的”含义，故选D。

5.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据B选项“组织工作场所的新方法可以帮助提高生产力”可以定位到原文第三段“Newwaysoforganizingtheworkplace—allthatre-engineeringanddownsizing—areonlyonecontributiontotheoverallproductivityofaneconomy.”中文翻译为：组织工作场所的新方法——所有那些重新设计和缩小规模的做法——只是对一个经济的整体生产力做出了一个方面的贡献……，根据C选项“降低成本并不能保证带来长期利润”可以定位到原文尾段“Hiscolleague,MichaelBeer,saysthatfartoomanycompanieshaveappliedre-engineeringinamechanisticfashion,choppingoutcostswithoutgivingsufficientthoughttolong-termprofitability.”中文翻译为：他的同事，迈克•比尔说，太多的公司已用机械的方式进行重组，在没有充分考虑到长期赢利能力的情况下降低了成本。根据D选项“打通新市场可能增加公司的利润率”可以定位到原文第三段“Moreover,mostofthechangesthatcompaniesmakeareintendedtokeepthemprofitable,andthisneednotalwaysmeanincreasingproductivity:switchingtonewmarketsorimprovingqualitycanmatterjustasmuch.”中文翻译为：另外，公司的大部分改革都是为了赢利，而这种需求并不总是意味着提高生产力：转向新的市场或改善产品质量也会有同样的功效。只有A选项未在文中提及，符合题意。

4.单选题

Absorbedinherwork,shewastotally（）hersurroundings.

问题1选项

A.liablefor

B.obliviousof

C.competitivewith

D.ingeniousat

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组词义辨析。A选项liablefor“对……有责任”；B选项obliviousof“未觉察”；C选项competitivewith“可与……竞争”；D选项ingeniousat“善于”。句意：她沉迷于自己的工作中，完全没有觉察到周围的事物。结合句意，B选项正确。

5.单选题

Thoughseriouslydamagedbyafire,theancientmansionwaseventually（）toitsoriginalsplendor.

问题1选项

A.repaired

B.renewed

C.restored

D.renovated

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项repair“修理；补救，纠正”；B选项renew“使更新；续借；续费”；C选项restore“恢复；修复；归还”；D选项renovate“更新；革新；刷新”。句意：尽管被一场火灾严重损坏，但这个古老的宅第最后被恢复到了它原来的壮丽。结合此处语境，C选项正确。

6.单选题

Manynewspaperscommentedonthegovernment’s（）measurestobringdownthepriceofwheat,rice,sugar,andotheressentialcommodities.

问题1选项

A.feeble

B.limp

C.fragile

D.disabled

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项feeble“无效的；微弱的；虚弱的”；B选项limp“（性格）软弱的；柔软的，无生气的”；C选项fragile“脆的；易碎的”；D选项disabled“残废的，有缺陷的”。句意：对于政府压低小麦、大米、糖和其他必需品价格的无效措施，很多报纸进行了评论。结合此处语境，可知A选项正确。

7.单选题

Aswithanysubject,peoplelearnfasterwhenconcentrationishighandwe’reactivelyinterestedinlearning.Beinginterestedandrelaxedhelpstoo.Inintenselyverbalcoursestheteachersaremosteffectivewhentheyactasafacilitator.Theirprimetaskistograbattention,helpmakesurethattheactivitiesareinterestingandprovidebackgroundinformation,whichhelpsstudentstoactivelyparticipateinthelessonandplanandimplementeffective,complementaryhomestudyprograms.Thestudentisresponsibleforkeepinghimselforherself“UnderPressure”inthewaysmentionedabove.Ofcoursethisrequiresthatstudentsunderstandthetypesofpressuretheyshouldtakeuponthemselvesandwhentobackoff.Imposedpressureisdifferentinqualitytoself-imposedpressure,anditisthelatterwhichisappropriateforadultlearners,andchildrentoo,Isuspect.

Inthetypicalactivelyverballanguageclass,understandingoftheprocessesneededforeffectivelanguageacquisitionisnecessarilyinferredbythestudents.Communicatingclearlywitheveryoneintheclassisdifficultenough,sotalkingaboutwhyanactivityisusefulisquitelikelytoconfuseandbemuseratherthanenlightenstudentsinalanguagecourse.Forthisreasontransparent,open-endedactivitieswithcleartaskgoalsformthefoundationofanyintenselyverbalcourse.Inotherwords,shortdemonstrationsarefollowedbypairandgroupworkdoingthedemonstratedactivityanditisuptothestudentstomakesuretheyinvolvethemselveswhiletheteacheristryingtotargettheactivitiessotheyareappropriate,allowingthestudentstodiscoverforthemselveswaysinwhichtheactivityhelpsachievetheirlanguagetarget.Makingactivitiesappropriateisthekey,meaningthatstudentsshouldbeabletoquicklyrealizethattheycanvaryandextendwhattheyaredoing—thattheexampleisastartingpoint,notaprescriptivepatternbutaworkingstartpointwhichpointstheminadirectionofexploration.

1.Whatdoyouthinktheauthorhasmostprobablytalkedaboutpreviously,accordingtothepassage?

2.Whenteachersarementionedtoactasafacilitator,theyshouldbeacting（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoyouthinkthatthewriterwillagreeto?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothewriterofthispassage?

5.Whatdoestheword“transparent”(Para.2,line4)mean?

问题1选项

A.Howtolearnfasterthanothers.

B.Howtodealwithpressure.

C.Whattodowithinterestingsubject.

D.Howtorelaxoneselfwhilestudying.

问题2选项

A.easily

B.familiarly

C.fast

D.helpfully

问题3选项

A.Weshouldnotexertpressureuponourselves,ifpossible.

B.Imposedpressureandself-imposedpressureareappropriate.

C.Imposedpressuremaynotbehelpfulinlearningthings.

D.Adultsaswellaschildrenneedcertainpressurefromoutside.

问题4选项

A.Studentsshouldlearnverballybythemselvesinclass.

B.Studentsshouldbeencouragedtofollowexamples.

C.Studentsshouldunderstandallthedemonstrations.

D.Studentsshouldtargettheiractivitiesandachievethem.

问题5选项

A.opaque

B.unmistakable

C.vague

D.questionable

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章首段中“Thestudentisresponsibleforkeepinghimselforherself‘UnderPressure’inthewaysmentionedabove.”，中文翻译为：学生负责通过上面提及的方式来让自己处在压力下。可知B选项“如何应对压力”正确。

2.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文第一段“Theirprimetaskistograbattention,helpmakesurethattheactivitiesareinterestingandprovidebackgroundinformation”，中文翻译为：老师的主要任务是抓住学生的注意力，帮助确保学习活动是有趣的和提供背景信息。可知，D项“有用地”正确。

3.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文第一段中“Imposedpressureisdifferentinqualitytoself-imposedpressure,anditisthelatterwhichisappropriateforadultlearners,andchildrentoo,Isuspect.”中文翻译为：我猜想，被强加的压力在质量上与自我施加的压力不同，且对成年和儿童学习者都合适的是后者。因此C选项“被强加的压力在学习东西上可能是没有帮助的”正确。

4.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文倒数第一段中“…thattheexampleisastartingpoint,notaprescriptivepatternbutaworkingstartpointwhichpointstheminadirectionofexploration.”中文翻译为：这个例子是一个起点，不是一个指定的模式，而是一个可行的起点，它向他们（即学生）指明了探索的方向。可以得知B选项“学生应该被鼓励去跟随例子”正确。

5.【试题解析】词汇题。A:opaque“不透明的”；B:unmistakable“透明的；显然的；坦率的；易懂的”；C:vague“模糊的；不明确的；暧昧的”；D:questionable“可疑的；有问题的”。对应原文倒数第一段中“open-endedactivitieswithcleartaskgoals”，中文翻译为：有着清楚的任务目标的开放式活动。因此可以推测出B选项正确。

8.单选题

Mostactsof（）involvethinningouttheanimalpopulationincertainareasofthecountry.

问题1选项

A.malcontent

B.pander

C.peccadillo

D.depredation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项malcontent“不满现状的人；反抗者”；B选项pander“怂恿者；拉皮条者”；C选项peccadillo“轻罪；小过失；小瑕疵”；D选项depredation“掠夺；破坏，破坏痕迹”。句意：大多数掠夺行为使这个国家某些地区的动物数量变少。根据句意可知D选项正确。

9.单选题

Itishardtopredictthecompany’sfutureatthis（）.

问题1选项

A.juncture

B.junction

C.jungle

D.junk

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。atthisjuncture“在此时；值此之际”。句意：在此时难以预测这家公司的未来。A选项正确。

10.填空题

1.Darwinstatedthatindividuals[A]withcharacteristicsbestadaptedto[B]existingconditionsurviveandmakeupanincreasing[C]largerproportionoftheirspecies[D].

2.Thecoming[A]ofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemale-dominatedjobmarkethavelimited[B],theopportunitiesofteenagerswhoarealreadyquestioning[C]theheavypersonalsacrificesinvolvingin[D]climbingJapan’srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.

3.Thepaidmanagers[A]actingforthecompanywereinmoredirectrelationwiththeworkmenandtheirdemands,butevenso[B],he[C]seldomhadthatfamiliarpersonalknowledgeoftheworkmenwhich[D]theemployershadoftenhadunderthesystemoftheoldfamilybusiness.

4.It’snotobvioushow[A]thecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureout[B]numericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathas[C]attractedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers[D].

5.IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwith[A]leadership—thatis,itpredictedtheopposite.AnyonewhohastoiledthroughSATwilltestilythattest-takingskillalsomatters[B]whetherit’sknowing[C]whentoguessand[D]whatquestionstoskip.

6.Asdietandhealthimproved[A]childrenandadolescentshave,onaverage,increasedinheightto[B]aboutaninchandahalfevery20years,apatternknownas[C]theobvioustrendinheight[D].

7.AndersEricsson,58-year-oldpsychologyprofessor[A]atUniversityofFlorida,sayshebelievesstronglyin“allofpsychology.”Ericssongrewup[B]inSweden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntil[C]herealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedto[D]psychology.

8.Ifyouexamine[A]thebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin2010’sWorldCuptournament,youwouldmostlikely[B]findanoteworthyfact:famoussoccerplayersaremorelikelytohavebeenborn[C]intheearliermonths[D]oftheyearthaninthelatermonths.

9.Americanpeoplenolonger[A]expectpublicfigures,whether[B]inspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.So[C]dotheyaspiretocommandthemselves[D].

10.Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsportshavebeenchanged[A]dramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformsto[B]fitthegrowingnumbers[C]ofbiggerandlonger[D]frames.

【答案】1.【试题答案】C

2.【试题答案】D

3.【试题答案】C

4.【试题答案】C

5.【试题答案】D

6.【试题答案】B

7.【试题答案】A

8.【试题答案】A

9.【试题答案】C

10.【试题答案】A

【解析】1.【试题解析】考查词性。C项修饰形容词large，此处increasing应改为副词increasingly，故选C。

2.【试题解析】考查非谓语动词。Sacrifices和involve之间为被动关系，应使用过去分词involved。因此D合题意。beinvolvedin“涉及”。

3.【试题解析】考查代词。C项指代前文thepaidmanagers，为负数，因此该用they不是he，故选C。

4.【试题解析】考查谓语动词。在此处that指代的先行词为questions，为复数，遵守主谓一致的原则，应该是have不是has，故选C。

5.【试题解析】考查连词。此处考查whether...or...“是……还是……，或者……或者……”，and错误，应是or，故选D。

6.【试题解析】考查介词。此处句意为：每20年身高增加了1.5寸。increaseto“增加到”；increaseby“增加了”，用介词by更合适，故选B。

7.【试题解析】考查冠词。58-year-oldpsychologyprofessor是AndersEricsson的同位语，对其进行解释说明，因此professor前面应有冠词a，故选A。

8.【试题解析】考查谓语动词。本句是if引导的条件状语从句，主语的谓语动词形式为woulddo，可以判断出这是对现在时间的虚拟，从句的动词应用examined。故选A。

9.【试题解析】考查副词。Neither才是否定的“也”，故选C。

10.【试题解析】考查语态。根据语境和句意，此处应该用主动语态，去掉been才正确，故选A。

11.单选题

PoorWilliamsisinhospitalagain.Theunluckyfellowseems（）toaccidents.

问题1选项

A.prone

B.destined

C.bound

D.disposed

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项prone“俯卧的；有……倾向的，易于……的”；B选项destined“注定的；命定的”；C选项bound“有义务的；必定的；受约束的”；D选项disposed“有……倾向的；打算做……的”。句意：可怜的威廉再次住院。这个不幸的家伙看上去易于遭受事故。结合句意可知A选项正确。

12.单选题

TourismhasseriouslydamagedfragileecosystemsliketheAlps,thewinterskiingplaygroundofEurope,andthetrekkingareasoftheHimalayas.Worldwide,itposesaseriousthreattocoastalhabitatslikedunes,mangroveforestsandcoralreefs.Itfuelsaboomingandusuallyillegaltradeintheproductsofthreatenedwildlife,fromtortoiseshellandcoraltoivory.Its“consumers”inevitablybringtheirhabitsandexpectationswiththem—whetherit’shotshowersandflushtoiletsorwell-wateredgreensforgolfers.IntheHimalayas,showersfortrekkersoftenmeanfirewood,whichmeansdeforestation.InHawaiiandBarbados,itwasfoundthateachtouristusedbetweensixandtentimesasmuchwaterandelectricityasalocal.InGoa,villagersforcedtowalktowellsfortheirwaterhadtowatchasapipelinetoanewluxuryhotelwasbuiltthroughtheirland.Overthepastdecade,golf,becauseofitsappetiteforland,waterandherbicides,hasemergedasoneofthebiggestculprits,somuchsothat“golfwars”havebrokenoutinpartsofSoutheastAsia:campaignersinJapan,oneofthechiefexponentsofgolftourism,havelaunchedanannualWorldNoGolfDay.

Someobserversnowarguethattourismcanstrengthenlocalculturesbyencouraginganawarenessoftraditionandtheceremoniesandfestivalsthatgowithit.Butwhat’sthevalueoftraditionifit’skeptaliveself-consciously,forprofit,andbearslittlerelationtoreallife—which,today,acrosstheworld,growsevermoreuniform?Hencethedismissivereferencesto“humanzoos,”“airportart”andthetrinketizationofcultures.ThesearequestionsthatapplyasmuchtofoxhuntinginBritainandCarnivalinRiodeJaneiroastoso-calledcannibaltoursinThailand.What’sundeniableisthattourism,inonewayoranother,changestradition,andformanypeople,particularlyintheThirdWorld,thatchangelooksandfeelslikedegradation.

Partoftheproblemisthattourismiscolonialisminanotherguise—economicratherthanpolitical.Henceitrubshardagainstthegrowingworldwidemovementforlocalornationalself-determination.Buttherearealsosomeprofoundandoftenirreconcilabledifferencesinperception.

Whatmakespeoplewanttotravel?Theshortanswercentersontheconceptofescape.AccordingtoJostKrippendorf,theSwissacademicwhoisoneoftheleadingauthoritiesonmoderntourism,peopletravelbecause“theynolongerfeelhappywheretheyare—wheretheywork,wheretheylive.Theyfeelthemonotonyofthedailyroutine,thecoldrationalityoffactories,offices,apartmentblocksandtransport,shrinkinghumancontact...thelossofnatureandnaturalness.”MacCannellarguesthatmasstourismisaproductofthe“mostdepersonalized”epochinhistory.Well,maybe.It’struethatpeoplewithgardens,orthosewholiveinsmalltowns,takefewerholidaysthanapartment-blockresidentsorcitydwellers.It’sprobablyalsotruethatwhatwecasuallyrefertoasthe“pressuresofdailylife”―work,family,commuting—aremoreintense,insomerespects,thaneverbefore.Yetpeoplehavealwaysfeltadesireforsomethingmorethantheirliferoutinelyofferthem—something,well,different.It’spartlybecausehumansarenaturallyinquisitiveandexploratorybutalso,andmoresignificant,becauseweneedtheunknown,whathistoriansofreligioncall“otherness,”tolendourlivessignificance.Soweconceiveofidealworlds—Paradise,theGoldenAge,Heaven,Atlantis,andShangri-La—anddream,sometimes,ofattainingthem.

1.Accordingtothepassage,（）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,（）

3.Peopletravelbecause（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

问题1选项

A.tourismhasseriouslydamagedfragileecosystems

B.tourismposesaseriousthreattopeople’smentalsystem

C.tourismblocksaboomingandusuallyillegaltradeintheproductsofthreatenedwildlife

D.tourisminevitablybringsitshabitsandexpectationstoits“consumers”

问题2选项

A.tourismcanstrengthenlocalcultures.

B.tourismcanencourageanawarenessoftraditionandtheceremoniesandfestivalsthatgowithit.

C.tourisminonewayoranother,changestradition,particularlyintheThirdWorld.

D.tourismcanpromotethegrowingworldwidemovementforlocalornationalself-determination.

问题3选项

A.theyfeelhappyforwhattheyalreadyhave

B.theydonotfeelhappyforwhattheyalreadyhave

C.theyfeelsickofthepeopleinthecommunity

D.theywanttoescapefromtheplacewheretheyliveandworkduetounhappiness

问题4选项

A.Peoplelivinginbigcitieshavefewerholidaysthanthosewholiveinsmalltowns.

B.Peoplelivinginsmalltownshavefewerholidaysthanthosewholiveinbigcities.

C.Peoplelivinginbigcitieshavemuchmorepressureofdailylifethanthosewholiveinsmalltowns.

D.Peoplelivinginsmalltownshavelesspressureofdailylifethanthosewholiveinbigcities.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。由A选项可以定位到文章中“Tourismhasseriouslydamagedfragileecosystems...”，中文翻译为：旅游业已经严重损害了脆弱的生态系统。可知A选项正确；文章中没有涉及B选项；由C选项“旅游业阻碍了濒危野生动物产品的繁荣和非法贸易”可以定位到文章中“Itfuelsaboomingandusuallyillegaltradeintheproductsofthreatenedwildlife...”，中文翻译为旅游业助长了贸易蓬勃发展，而通常是非法的贸易，可知C选项错误，与文章意思相反；根据原文“Its‘consumers’inevitablybringtheirhabitsandexpectationswiththem—whetherit’shotshowersandflushtoiletsorwell-wateredgreensforgolfers.”，中文翻译为：“消费者”不可避免地带来他们的习惯和期望——无论是热水淋浴和冲洗厕所或为高尔夫球手提供浇灌的绿地。可以得知D选项“旅游不可避免地给消费者带来其习惯和期望”