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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Themostinterestingnewcarsmayowe()thesimplewisdomofhiringafewtalentedpeopleandallowingthemtowork.

问题1选项

A.lesslocalfree-spiritednessthan

B.lesslocalfree-spiritednessthanto

C.tolesslocalfree-spiritednessthanto

D.lesstolocalfree-spiritednessthanto

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。oweto“归功于”是固定搭配,与比较级less…than连用,应为owelessto…thanto…。句意:最有趣的新车与其说得益于当地的自由精神,还不如说是得益于一种简单的智慧,即雇佣几个能人,并让他们为之工作。因此D选项符合题意。

2.单选题

PrinceCharles,thelongest-waiting(

)tothethroneinBritishhistory,hasspokenofhis“impatience”togetthingsdone.

问题1选项

A.heir

B.heirship

C.heritage

D.heiress

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近词辨析。heir“【法】继承人”;heirship“继承权,继承资格”;heritage“遗产,继承物”;heiress“女继承人”。句意:英国历史上等待王位时间最长的王储查尔斯日前表示,他“没有耐心”把事情做好。选项A符合题意。

3.填空题

InMicrosoft'slatestattempttoreachouttobloggers,thecompanyrecentlygaveawayexpensivelaptopsloaded(1)______itsnewWindowsVistaoperatingsystem.Butthegiftsgeneratedcontroversyaswellasgood(2)______,withsomebloggersaccusingMicrosoftofbriberyandtheirpeers(3)______unethicalbehavior.

SeveralbloggersreportedlastweekthattheyhadreceivedAcerFerrarilaptops,whichcansell(4)______morethan$2,200,fromMicrosoft.

AspokeswomanforMicrosoftconfirmedFridaythatthe(5)______hadsentoutabout90computerstobloggers(6)______wroteabouttechnologyandothersubjectsthatcouldbe(7)______bythenewoperatingsystem,likephotographyand,oddly,parenting.

ButwhilethoseonMicrosoft'smailinglistinitiallygreetedthemachineswithenthusiasm,many(8)______bloggerssoonobjected—notbecausetheyhadbeenleftoffthelistbut,theysaid,becausebloggersareboundbythe(9)______rulesastraditionaljournalists,whoshouldnotaccept(10)______giftsfromcompaniestheycover.

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenexplaininyourownEnglishtheexactmeaningofthenumberedandunderlinedparts.PutyouranswersonANSWER

【答案】1.with

2.will

3.of

4.for

5.company

6.who

7.affected/influenced

8.other

9.same

10.expensive

【解析】1.考查固定搭配。句意表示微软公司最近出售的便携电脑都装载新开发的WindowsVista操作系统,表示装载时,load与with搭配。

2.考查语义。根据句意,Thegifts体现了好意,也引起了争论。因此填入will,goodwill表示“善意”。

3.考查固定搭配。本句说到有些博客职责微软公司行贿,并列部分省略了“accusing”,表示还职责同行缺乏职业道德。表示职责时使用“accuseof”。

4.考查固定搭配。句中sell后面跟的是金额,说明卖了多少钱,此时使用固定搭配“sellfor”。

5.考查语义。句中缺少的是宾语从句的主语。综合上下文,送出90台电脑给博主们的就是微软公司。此处只需填company即可。

6.考查语法知识。前半句“thecompanyhadsentoutabout90computerstobloggers”,后半句的谓语动词“wroteabout”说明正是这些被送电脑的博客们写了些东西。因此这里缺的是定语从句的引导词,而这个词要在从句中充当主语指代bloggers,应填入who。

7.考查语法知识。本句说的是“其他可能会受新操作系统……的技术和对象”,根据语义可知应填入“影响”。并且此处为被动语态,应填入过去分词形式,affected或influenced都可以。

8.试题分析:句中提到,有些博主不接受赠予是因为博主和传统的记者一样受到条款的制约,而不是他们不再列表式。前文提到接受赠予的额博主是在邮件列表上的,因此这些博主就用“other”修饰。

9.考查语义。这些博主与传统的记者受到……的条款约束,此处应表示‘’同样的。并且“same…as…”表示“同样”的意思。因此填入same。

10.考查语义。根据上文提到电脑的售价,可知此处表示“他们不能接受他们所报道的公司的昂贵礼物”。因此填入expensive。

4.单选题

Nearlyathirdofparentssaytheyfeel()intotheirhomesbutcannotaffordtomovetoabiggerproperty,areportrevealstoday.

问题1选项

A.squealed

B.squeezed

C.squared

D.sneezed

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近词辨析。空格前是feel,因此空格处应填形容词。squealed“大声尖叫的”;persistent”固执的;坚持的“;squeezed”挤压的,拥挤的“;squared”方格的“。句意:今日公布的一份报告显示,近三分之一的父母表示,他们觉得自己的家……,但却买不起更大的房子。因此选项B符合题意。

5.单选题

Keplerreconciledastronomywithphysics,andsubstitutedforfictitiousclockworkauniverseofmaterialbodiesnotunliketheearth,freelyfloatingandturninginspace,movedbyforces(

).

问题1选项

A.actedonthem

B.beingactedonit

C.actingonthem

D.havingactedonit

【答案】C

【解析】考查语法知识。句意:开普勒综合了天文学和物理学,用宇宙中与地球相似的实质天体替换了虚构的运行规律,这些天体在天空中自由运动、旋转,由作用在他们上面的力驱动运转。本题考查的是分词做后置定语的用法,force与them是主动关系,因此act用现在分词形式。因此C选项符合题意。

6.名词解释

Theyearof2009willbringanavalancheofbooks,lectures,televisionprogramsandarticlesonCharlesDarwin.(1)Itis200yearssincehewasbomand150yearssincehewaspushedtopublishhisontheOriginofSpeciesearlierthanheintendedbythearrivalofaletterfromAlfred

RusselWallace,thenaturalistwho,independently,hadthesametheoryofnaturalselectionthat

Darwinhadsupposedallhisown.

SinceDarwinwasn’taloneinthinkingupthetheoryofnaturalselectionorinassemblingevidenceinsupportofevolution,arewerighttomakesuchasonganddanceofhisanniversary?Theshortansweris“yes”.(2)theOriginofSpeciesisthemostimportantbiologybookyetwrittenandDarwinhasdoneasmuchasanyone,includingCopernicus,Newton,MarxandFreud,

tochangehowweseeourselves.

WhydoesDarwinianworldviewmattersmorethanever?Aboveall,Darwindecentershumanity.InthishecompletestheworkthatCopernicusandGalileobegan.WearenotthecentreoftheUniverse.TheUniverseexistedlongbeforewecameonthescene.(3)Thisdecenteringdoesnot,ofcourse,meanthatwematteranytheless.Rather,ithelpsustoappreciatethatwedonotsitinadistinctcategoryfromtherestofcreation.Thegreatapesthatareheadingtowardsextinctioninthewildandarestillusedinsomecountriesformedicalresearchreallyareourrelatives.

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenexplaininyourownEnglishtheexactmeaningofthenumberedandunderlinedparts.PutyouranswersonANSWERSHEET(2).

【答案】1:Hewasborn200yearsagoandhisOntheOriginofSpecieswaspublished150yearsago,whichwasearlierthanhehadplanned,becauseanaturalistcalledAlfredRusselWallacehadwrittentoDarwintoencouragehimtodoso.AlfredsharedthetheoryofnaturalselectionthatDarwinhadthoughtoutbyhimself.

2:ThebookOntheOriginofSpeciesismoreimportantthananyotherbiologybookthathaseverbeenwritten,andDarwin’scontributiontochangeourworldviewequalsthoseofCopernicus,Newton,MarxandFreud.

3:Certainly,thefactthatwearenotthecenteroftheuniversedoesindicatethatwearenotimportant.

7.单选题

Thecountry’sdeficitthatyeartoarecord169.8billiondollars.

问题1选项

A.soared

B.soured

C.sored

D.sourced

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。soar“飙升”;sour“发酵”;sore“弄伤”;source“寻求来源”。句意:这个国家的赤字……到1698亿美元的记录。因此A选项符合题意。

8.单选题

Ironically,theintellectualtoolscurrentlybeingusedbythepoliticalrighttosuchharmfuleffectoriginatedontheacademicleft.Inthe1960sand1970saphilosophicalmovementcalledpostmodernismdevelopedamonghumanitiesprofessors(1)beingdeposedbyscience,whichtheyregardedasright-leaning.Postmodernism(2)ideasfromculturalanthropologyandrelativitytheorytoarguethattruthis(3)andsubjecttotheassumptionsandprejudicesoftheobserver.Scienceisjustoneofmanywaysofknowing,theyargued,neithermorenorless(4)thanothers,likethoseofAborigines,NativeAmericansorwomen.(5),theydefinedscienceasthewayofknowingamongWesternwhitemenandatoolofcultural(6).Thisargument(7)withmanyfeministsandcivil-rightsactivistsandbecamewidelyadopted,leadingtothe“politicalcorrectness”justifiably(8)byRushLimbaughandthe“mentalmasturbation”lampoonedbyWoodyAllen.

Acceptanceofthisrelativisticworldview(9)democracyandleadsnottotolerancebuttoauthoritarianism.JohnLocke,oneofJefferson’s“trinityofthreegreatestmen,”showed(10)almostthreecenturiesago.LockewatchedthearguingfactionsofProtestantism,eachclaimingtobetheonetruereligion,andasked:Howdoweknowsomethingtobetrue?Whatisthebasisofknowledge?In1689he(11)whatknowledgeisandhowitisgroundedinobservationsofthephysicalworldinAnEssayConcerningHumanUnderstanding.Anyclaimthatfailsthistestis“butfaith,oropinion,butnotknowledge.”Itwasthisidea—thattheworldisknowableandthatobjective,empiricalknowledgeisthemost(12)basisforpublicpolicythatstoodasJefferson’sfoundationalargumentfordemocracy.

Byfalsely(13)knowledgewithopinion,postmodernistsandantiscienceconservativesalikecollapseourthinkingbacktoapre-Enlightenmentera,leavingnocommonbasisforpublicpolicy.Publicdiscourseis(14)toendlesswaningopinions,noneseenasmorevalidthananother.Policyisdeterminedbytheloudestvoices,reducingustoaworldinwhichmight(15)right—thedefinitionofauthoritarianism.

问题1选项

A.satisfiedwith

B.angrywith

C.displeasedat

D.proudof

问题2选项

A.discounted

B.doubted

C.adopted

D.shared

问题3选项

A.objective

B.subjective

C.cultural

D.relative

问题4选项

A.variable

B.valid

C.valuable

D.various

问题5选项

A.However

B.Therefore

C.Otherwise

D.Furthermore

问题6选项

A.assimilation

B.inhibition

C.representation

D.oppression

问题7选项

A.resonated

B.agreed

C.appealed

D.responded

问题8选项

A.liked

B.approved

C.verified

D.hated

问题9选项

A.offsets

B.produces

C.undermines

D.strengthens

问题10选项

A.when

B.what

C.why

D.which

问题11选项

A.found

B.defined

C.dictated

D.claimed

问题12选项

A.practical

B.equal

C.useful

D.equitable

问题13选项

A.identifying

B.equipping

C.equating

D.confusing

问题14选项

A.deduced

B.introduced

C.conduced

D.reduced

问题15选项

A.decides

B.causes

C.makes

D.creates

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

第6题:D

第7题:A

第8题:D

第9题:C

第10题:C

第11题:B

第12题:D

第13题:C

第14题:D

第15题:C

【解析】(1)考查形容词辨析。Satisfiedwith“对……感到满意”;angrywith“生某人的气”;displeasedat“使……不快”;proudof“为……而感到骄傲”。句意:在20世纪60年代和70年代,一场名为后现代主义的哲学运动在人文学科教授中兴起,这些教授被他们认为是右倾的科学驱之门外,他们感到非常不满。因此选项C符合题意。

(2)考查动词辨析。discount“打折扣;低估;忽视”;doubt“怀疑”;adopt“采取;过继”;share“共享,分担”。Postmodernism后现代主义与ideas想法之间缺少的动词选择“采纳、采取”更合适。句意:后现代主义采纳了来自文化人类学和相对论的思想……因此选项C符合题意。

(3)考查形容词辨析。objective“客观的”;subjective“主观的”;cultural“文化的”;relative“相对的”。空格处后面的并列连词and用来连接truth的两个属性:其中一个是subjectto受制于,为符合语义应选填relative。因此D选项符合题意。

(4)考查形容词辨析。variable“易变的,多变的”;valid“有效的,合法的”;valuable“有价值的”;various“各种各样的”。句意:他们认为,科学只是众多认知方式中的一种,并不比其他方式多或少……。按照上下文,只有valid“有效的”符合,因此B选项符合题意。

(5)考查逻辑关系。however“然而”表转折关系;therefore“因此”表因果关系;otherwise“否则”表转折关系;furthermore“此外”表递进关系。前文说科学只是众多认知方式的一种,后文提到对科学的定义,由此可知前后文为递进关系,因此D选项符合题意。

(6)考查名词辨析。assimilation“同化”;inhibition“抑制”;representation“代表”;oppression“镇压”。前文中提到他们将科学定义为“白种人的认知方式”,可知这是一种“文化压迫“的工具。因此D选项符合题意。

(7)考查固定搭配。由后文中“广泛采用”可知,这一观点受到许多女权主义者与民权活动家的认同。agree应与by搭配才表示“受到某人认同”;而resonated与with搭配可以表示“得到回应,引申为“被认同”。因此A选项符合题意。

(8)考查动词辨析。like“喜欢,爱好”;approve“批准;赞成”;verify“核实,查证”;hate“憎恨,反感”。后文中的并列成分表示“这个运动受到WoodyAllen的讽刺”,可知空格处动词也表示否定的含义,选项中只有D选项符合题意。

(9)考查动词辨析。offset“抵消;补偿”;produce“生产;引起”;undermine“破坏”;strengthen“加强,巩固”。由后文中的authoritarianism独裁主义,可知会破坏民主,因此C选项符合题意

(10)考查语法知识。句意:接受这种相对主义的世界观会破坏民主,导致独裁主义。大约三世纪前,JohnLock展示了出现这种情况的原因。选项中只有C选项符合题意。

(11)考查动词辨析。Find“查找,找到”;define“定义;规定”;dictate“命令;口述”;claim“要求;声称”。空格后whatknowledgeisandhowitis…表明是在下定义,因此选项B符合题意。

(12)考查形容词辨析。practical“实际的,实用性的”;equal“平等的”;useful“有用的”;equitable“公平的”。句意:正是这种思想——世界是可知的,客观的,以经验为依据的只是是公共政策最……基础。前文强调民主,由此可推出:这一观点认为经验为依据的只是是制定公共政策最公正的基础。因此选项D符合题意。

(13)考查动词辨析。identify“确定;识别;equip“装备,配备”;equate“视为平等”;confuse“使混乱”。句意:错误地将知识……观点。因此选项C符合题意。

(14)考查形近动词辨析。deduce“推论;introduce“介绍;引进”;conduce“导致;有益”;reduce“减少;把……分解”。句意:公众话语权……无止境的敌对观点,没有哪一观点比其他观点更为有效。这句话表达出的是否定的意思。因此选项D符合题意。

(15)考查动词辨析。decide“决定”;cause“引起”;make“使得;成为……的原因”;create“创造”。破折号后表示“权势即代表正确的定义”。makeright“使正确”因此C选项符合题意。

9.单选题

________theythinkitwillcometoanendthroughthehandsofGod,oranaturaldisasterorapoliticalevent,whateverthereason,nearly15percentofpeopleworldwidethinktheendoftheworldiscoming,accordingtoanewpoll.

问题1选项

A.Either

B.Whether

C.Neither

D.If

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:一项最新调查显示,全世界近15%的人认为世界末日即将来临。要么是通过上帝之手,要么是天灾或者政治事件。根据题干中…or…可知空格处应填写与之搭配的词语,只有either…or…符合要求。因此A选项符合题意。

10.单选题

ScientistsonTuesdaypushedthehandsoftheinfamous“DoomsdayClock”forwardoneminutefromlastyear,signalingtheir______pessimismabouttheeffortsofworldleaderstohandleglobalthreats.

问题1选项

A.increase

B.increased

C.increasedly

D.increasing

【答案】D

【解析】考查语法知识。空格前是their形容词性物主代词,后是名词pessimism悲观主义,所以空格处应填形容词,可排除A和C。increased“增强的”;increasing“越来越也多的,渐增的”。句意:周二,科学家们把臭名昭著的“世界末日时钟”拨快了一分钟,比去年提前了一分钟,这表明他们对世界领导人应对全球威胁的努力持……悲观态度。B选项强调“已经增强的”,综合句意D选项更符合。

11.单选题

Thereseemedlittledoubtthatthespreadofaparticularculturaltraitdidfollowaspecificregularpattern(

).

问题1选项

A.asasocietyadopted

B.whichasocietyadoptedit

C.asasocietyadoptedit

D.whenasocietyadopted

【答案】A

【解析】考查语法知识。选项中的as引导的是定语从句,修饰前面的aspecificregularpattern,as在从句中充当宾语,因此B和C选项从句中的it是多余的,且句中没有提到任何时间词,排除D。因此A选项符合题意。

12.单选题

Thepoorgirlspentoverhalfayearinthehospitalbutsheisnow()forit.

问题1选项

A.nonetheworse

B.nonethebetter

C.neverworse

D.neverbetter

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。nonetheworsefor“未受……损害”,后面一般接具体事件或事物。nonethebetterforit“不因此而好些;丝毫不受影响”是一个习惯用法。句意:这个可怜的女孩在医院里住了半年多,但她现在丝毫不受影响。因此B选项符合题意。

13.单选题

Summerholidaysspentonthehotghettostreetsare()hetimemiddle-classstudentsdevotetocamps,exoticvacationsandhighlyorganizedsports.

问题1选项

A.ashardlyculturallyenrichingas

B.ashardlyenrichingcultureas

C.hardlyasculturallyenrichingas

D.hardlyasculturalenrichingas

【答案】C

【解析】考查语法知识。当否定词hardly修饰as…as…时要放在前面,修饰形容词性的enriching要使用副词,因此C选项符合题意。

14.单选题

()lastyearandisnowearninghislivingasanadvertisingagent.

问题1选项

A.Hewouldleaveschool

B.Heleftschool

C.Hehadleftschool

D.Hehasleftschool

【答案】B

【解析】考查时态问题。leftschool在前,工作在后,只说明两个动作的先后,所以空格处应使用过去式。因此B选项符合题意。

15.单选题

IwasinsomedoubtastowhethertheCorporalhad()usaccidentallyonhiswayoutofthetownorifhe'dbeendeliberatelytasked.

问题1选项

A.crashedon

B.bumpedinto

C.fallenagainst

D.puzzledabout

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。crashon“撞上”;bumpinto“无意中遇到”;fallagainst“绊倒在……”;puzzleabout“苦思冥想”。句意:我有些怀疑那个下士到底在出城的路上偶然碰上我们了还是被故意派来的。因此B选项符合题意。

16.单选题

Long-termexposuretomassmediaportrayalsofviolencemightmaketheaudienceinsensitiveor_____torealactsofviolence.

问题1选项

A.emotionallyneutral

B.neutrallyemotional

C.emotionallymutual

D.mutuallyemotional

【答案】A

【解析】考查词义。neutral“中立的”,emotionally“情绪上;感情上”。句意:观众在大众媒体上看多了暴力就会对暴力持中立态度,即对暴力失去了感觉。neutral表示观众对暴力的态度,emotionally则用来修饰neutral,表示“情感上是中立的”。因此A选项符合题意。

17.单选题

Insciencethemeaningoftheword"explain"sufferswithcivilization'severystepinsearchofreality.Sciencecannotreallyexplainelectricity,magnetism,andgravitation;theireffectscanbemeasuredandpredicted,butoftheirnaturenomoreisknowntothemodernscientistthantoThaleswhofirstspeculatedon

theelectrificationofamber.Mostcontemporaryphysicistsrejectthenotionthatmancaneverdiscoverwhatthesemysteriousforces"really"are.Electricity,BertrandRussellsays,"isnotathing,likeSt.Paul'sCathedral;itisawayinwhichthingsbehave.Whenwehavetoldhowthingsbehavewhentheyareelectrified,andunderwhatcircumstancestheyareelectrified,wehavetoldallthereistotell."Untilrecentlyscientistswouldhavedisapprovedofsuchanidea.Aristotle,forexample,whosenaturalsciencedominatedwesternthoughtfortwothousandyears,believedthatmancouldarriveatanunderstandingofrealitybyreasoningfromself-evidentprinciples.Hefelt,forexample,thatitisaself-evidentprinciplethateverythingintheuniversehasitsproperplace,henceonecandeducethatobjectsfalltothegroundbecausethat'swheretheybelong,andsmokegoesupbecausethat'swhereitbelongs.ThegoalofAristoteliansciencewastoexplainwhythingshappen.ModernsciencewasbornwhenGalileobegantryingtoexplainhowthingshappenandthusoriginatedthemethodofcontrolledexperimentwhichnowformsthebasisofscientificinvestigation.

1.BertrandRussell'snotionaboutelectricityis().

2.Thepassagesaysthatuntilrecentlyscientistsdisagreedwiththeideathat().

3.Theexpression"speculatedon"(Line4)means().

问题1选项

A.disapprovedofbymostmodernscientists

B.inagreementwithAristotle'stheoryofself-evidentprinciples

C.inagreementwithscientificinvestigationdirectedtoward"how"thingshappen

D.inagreementwithscientificinvestigationdirectedtoward"why"thingshappen

问题2选项

A.thereareself-evidentprinciples

B.therearemysteriousforcesintheuniverse

C.mancannotdiscoverwhatforces"really"are

D.wecandiscoverwhythingsbehaveastheydo

问题3选项

A.considered

B.suspected

C.expected

D.engagedinbuyingandselling

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

【解析】1.细节推理题。题干:伯特兰•罗素关于电的见解_____。文章引用了罗素的见解之后有一句“Untilrecentlyscientistswouldhavedisapprovedofsuchanidea”,此句是notuntil句型的变形,提取了disapproved中的否定部分后,可理解为“直到现在科学家们才赞成这个说法”,可知罗素的见解与当代科学家们是符合的。文章最后一句提到“Galileobegantryingtoexplainhowthingshappenandthusoriginated…formsthebasisofscientificinvestigation”,说明当代科学是研究“howthingshappen”。因此C选项符合题意。

2.细节题。题干:这篇文章说,直到最近科学家们才同意这种观点______。题干部分的理解与上题选项一致。科学家们同意的是罗素的观点,而作者引用罗素是为了说明“Mostcontemporaryphysicistsrejectthenotionthatmancaneverdiscoverwhatthesemysteriousforces"really"are”,因此C选项符合题意。

3.词义题。定位句说到,科学不能真正解释电、磁、重力,它们的效果能被测量和预测。对于它们的本性,现代科学家并不比希腊哲学家泰利斯知道得更多。所以对于琥珀带电这件事,泰勒斯应该停留在思考阶段,还不能说是怀疑。因此A选型符合题意。

18.单选题

We’veseena(n)

(

)

trendofconsumerssayingtheywillspendmore,fromholidayshoppingto2012travelplans,andspendingplansforFeb.14arenoexception.

问题1选项

A.consistent

B.persistent

C.insistent

D.resistant

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近形容词辨析。consistent“前后一致的;坚持的“;persistent”固执的;坚持的“;insistent”坚持的;迫切的;显著的“;resistant”反抗的;顽固的“。句意:从假日购物到2012年的旅游计划,我们已经看到消费者将增加消费的……倾向,2月14日的消费计划也不例外。按照句意,A选项符合,指这种消费倾向保持一致。

19.单选题

ASurveyhasfoundthatthreequartersofmenquiteenjoytheirfoodshoppingexperienceandarehappyto______theirwayaroundtheaislessearchingoutproducts.

问题1选项

A.drive

B.steer

C.navigate

D.voyage

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析与搭配。drive“推动;驾驶;驱赶”;steer“控制;引导;驾驶”;navigate“操纵;导航;航行”;voyage“航行;渡过”。四个选项虽都与驾驶、航行有关,但其中只有navigate可与one’swayaround搭配。句意:一项调查发现,四分之三的男性非常享受他们的食品购物体验,他们很乐意推车购物车来回寻找商品。因此C选项符合题意。

20.单选题

()2.6millionpeoplestartingdietsonNewYear’sDay,researchsuggeststhatbytheendoftheweek92percentofdietersgaveup,shunningexerciseandgorgingoncomfortfood.

问题1选项

A.Inspite

B.Although

C.While

D.Despite

【答案】D

【解析】考查词语辨析。inspite应与of搭配;although“尽管”,连词;while“然而,连词;当……的时候”;despite“尽管”,介词。空格后是名词短语,因此前面只能是介词。句意:年底前的研究表明,尽管2.600万人元旦开始节食,92%的节食者在一周后就放弃了,然后回避运动并大吃安慰食品。因此选项D符合题意。

21.单选题

Inprevioustime,whenfreshmeatwasinshort(),pigeonswerekeptbymanyhouseholdsasasourceoffood.

问题1选项

A.storage

B.reserve

C.supply

D.provision

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。storage“贮藏库,存储”;reserve“储备,储存”;supply“供给;补给”;provision“供应品”。句意:在过去,当鲜肉短缺时,许多家庭饲养鸽子作为食物来源。表示供应短缺时固定使用inshortsupply。因此C选项符合题意。

22.单选题

Cancerhasalwaysbeenwithus,butnotalwaysinthesameway.Itscareandmanagementhavedifferedovertime,ofcourse,butso,too,haveitsidentity,visibility,andmeanings.Pickupthethreadofhistoryatitsmostdistantendandyouhavecancerthecrab—sonamedeitherbecauseoftheramifyingvenousprocessesspreadingoutfromatumororbecauseitspainislikethepinchofacrab’sclaw.Premodemcancerisalump,aswellingthatsometimesbreaksthroughtheskininulcerationsproducingfoul-smellingdischarges.TheancientEgyptiansknewaboutmanytumorsthathadabadoutcome,andtheGreeksmadeadistinctionbetweenbenigntumors(oncos)andmalignantones(carcinos).InthesecondcenturyA.D.,Galenreckonedthatthecausewassystemic,anexcessofmelancholyorblackbile,oneofthebody’sfour“humors”broughtonbybaddietandenvironmentalcircumstances.Ancientmedicalpractitionerssometimescuttumorsout,buttheprognosiswasknowntobegrim.Describingtumorsofthebreast,anEgyptianpapyrusfromabout1600B.C.concluded:“Thereisnotreatment.’’

Theexperienceofcancerhasalwaysbeenterrible,but,untilmodemtimes,itsmarkontheculturehasbeenlight.Inthepast,fearcoagulatedaroundotherwaysofdying:infectiousandepidemicdiseases(plague,smallpox,cholera,typhus,typhoidfever);“apoplexies”(whatwenowcallstrokesandheartattacks);and,mostnotablyinthenineteenthcentury,“consumption”(tuberculosis).Theagonizingmannerofcancerdeathwasdreaded,butthatfearwasnotcentrallysituatedinthepublicmind—asitnowis.ThisisonereasonthatthemedicalhistorianRoyPorterwrotethatcanceris“themodemdiseaseparexcellence,”andthatMukherjeecallsit“thequintessentialproductofmodernity.”

Atonetime,itwasthoughtthatcancerwasa“diseaseofcivilization”belongingtomuchthesamecausaldomainas“neurasthenia”anddiabetes,theformeranervousweaknessbelievedtobebroughtaboutbythestressofmodemlifeandthelatteraconditionproducedbybaddietandindolence.Intheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,somephysiciansattributedcancer—notablyofthebreastandtheovaries—topsychologicalandbehavioralcauses.WilliamBuchan’swildlypopulareighteenth-centurytext“DomesticMedicine”judgedthatcancersmightbecausedby“excessivefear,grief,religiousmelancholy”.Inthenineteenthcentury,referencewasrepeatedlymadetoa“cancerpersonality”,andinsomeversions,specificallytosexualrepression.AsSusanSontagobserved,cancerwasconsideredshameful,nottobementioned,evenobscene.AmongtheRomanticsandtheVictorians,sufferinganddyingfromtuberculosismightbeconsideredabadgeofrefinement;cancerdeathwasnothingofthesort.“Itseemsunimaginable,”Sontagwrote,“toaestheticize”cancer.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theancientEgyptians().

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthecancersofthepastisbestsupportedbythepassage?

3.Whichofthefollowingisthereasonforcancertobecalled“themoderndisease”?

4.“Neurasthenia”anddiabetesarementionedbecause()

5.Assuggestedbythepassage,withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostlikelyagree?

问题1选项

A.calledcancerthecrab

B.wereabletodistinguishbenigntumorsandmalignantones

C.foundoutthecauseofcancer

D.knewaboutalotofmalignanttumors

问题2选项

A.Ancientpeopledidnotlivelongenoughtobecomepronetocancer.

B.Inthepast,peopledidnotfearcancer.

C.Cancerdeathmightbeconsideredabadgeofrefinement.

D.Somephysiciansbelievedthatone’sownbehavioralmodecouldleadtocancer.

问题3选项

A.Modemcancercareisveryeffective.

B.Thereisalotmorecancernow.

C.Peopleunderstandcancerinradicallynewwaysnow.

D.Thereisasharpincreaseinmortalityinmodemcancerworld.

问题4选项

A.theyareasfatalascancer

B.theywereconsideredtobe“diseaseofcivilization”

C.peopledreadthemverymuch

D.theyarebroughtbythehighpressureofmodernlife

问题5选项

A.Thecareandmanagementofcancerhavedevelopedovertime.

B.Theculturalsignificanceofcancershiftsindifferenttimes.

C.Cancer’sidentityhasneverchanged.

D.Canceristhepricepaidformodemlife.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节题。题干:根据这篇文章,古埃及人_______。由关键词定位到文章第一段第五句“TheancientEgyptiansknewaboutmanytumorsthathadabadoutcome”,可知古埃及人已经知道很多有不好的结果的肿瘤,对应第四个选项,malignanttumors是指恶性肿瘤。因此D选项符合题意。

2.细节推理题。题干:关于过去的癌症,下列哪一项陈述最能得到文章的支持?文章并没提到古人是否活到容易患癌症的年龄,排除A选项;第二段中提到“Theagonizingmannerofcancerdeathwasdreaded,butthatfearwasnotcentrallysituatedinthepublicmind”,说明过去人们不是不恐惧癌症,而是这种恐惧并没称为焦点,排除B选项;最后一段中提到“…sufferinganddyingfromtuberculosismightbeconsideredabadgeofrefinement”被认为优雅的是死于肺结核,排除C选项;最后一段中“somephysiciansattributedcancer…topsychologicalandbehavioralcauses”说明他们将癌症归因于心理和行为原因,因此D选项符合题意。

3.细节推理题。题干:下面哪个选项是被称为“现代病”的癌症的原因?根据题干关键词“themoderndisease”定位到第二段最后一句,上一句提到癌症死亡令人恐惧,下一句就说RoyPorter将其说成是“最卓越的现代病,Mukherjee称之为“现代最典型的产物”,说明人们对癌症的理解改变了。因此C选项符合题意。

4.细节推理题。题干:提到“神经衰弱”和糖尿病是因为_____。文中最后一句提到了关键词“Neurasthenia”和“diabetes”,文中提到“itwasthoughtthatcancerwasa“diseaseofcivilization”belongingtomuchthesamecausaldomainas“neurasthenia”anddiabetes,theformeranervousweaknessbelievedtobebroughtaboutbythestressofmodemlifeandthelatteraconditionproducedbybaddietandindolence”,在此提到癌症和神经衰弱以及糖尿病的病因相似,因此也就是在说神经衰弱和糖尿病都与心理压力有关。因此D选项符合题意。

5.判断推理题。题干:如文章所述,作者最可能同意下列哪一种说法?由第一段第二句中“Itscareandmanagementhavedifferedovertime”与全文,可知对于癌症的护理管理是一直发展的,因此A选项符合题意。B和D选项是作者饮用的他人观点,不不能代表作者自身。癌症由之前的不是焦点到现在人人恐惧,身份自然有改变,C选项由此可排除。

23.单选题

Thelocalauthoritiesrealizedtheneedtomake______forelderlypeopleintheirhousingprograms.

问题1选项

A.preparation

B.requirement

C.specification

D.provision

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。preparation“准备”,强调为必然发生的事情做准备;requirement“要求;必需品”;specification“规格;说明书”;provision“规定;准备”,强调预先准备,事情只是可能会发生。句意:当地政府意识到有必要在住房计划中为老年人预先采取措施。因此D选项符合题意。

24.单选题

Oneoftherecurrentfrustrationsandtragediesinthehistoryofthoughtiscausedbytheuncertainty______tosolveagivenproblembytraditionalmethodspreviouslyappliedtoproblemswhichseemtobeofthesamenature.

问题1选项

A.thatispossible

B.thatitispossible

C.whetheritispossible

D.aboutwhatispossible

【答案】C

【解析】考查语法知识。uncertainty后面的句子正是作为同位语用来修饰这个先行词,而只有whether可以表示“不确定性”,因此C选项符合题意。

25.单选题

TheUnitedNationsPopulationFundhaspickedOctober31asthedaytheworldwillbehometo7

billionpeople.

Forbetterandworse,it’samilestone.

Andtherewillbemoremilestonesahead.Fourteenyearsfromnow,thereareexpectedtobe8

billionpeopleontheplanet.Mostofthegrowthwilloccurintheworld’spoorercountries.

Proportionally,Europe’spopulationwilldecline,whileAfrica’swillincrease.Ataroundthesametime,

IndiawillovertakeChinaasthemostpopulousnationonEarth.

Thegrowingglobalpopulationisjustonesideofthecoin.ArecentreportfromtheWorldHealth

Organizationsignaledtheseriousnessofthehumanpopulationexplosion:morethan3billionpeople—

abouthalftheworld’spopulation—aremalnourished.Neverbeforehavesomany,orsuchalarge

proportion,oftheworld’speoplebeenmalnourished.

Andinagrowingnumberofcountriesthereisaseeminglyunstoppablemarchtowardsub-

replacementfertility,wherebyeachnewgenerationislesspopulousthanthepreviousone,and

populationaging.

Asaresultofdecliningfertilityandincreasinglongevity,thepopulationsofmoreandmore

countriesareagingrapidly.Between2005and2050,ariseinthepopulationaged60yearsoroverwill

bevisible,whereasthenumberofchildren(personsunderage15)willdeclineslightly.

Populationagingrepresents,inonesense,asuccessstoryformankind,butitalsoposesprofoundchallengestopublicinstitutionsthatmustadapttoachangingagestructure.

ThelatestnationalcensusinChinashowsthenumberofelderlypeopleinthecountryhasjumpedto

morethan13.3percentofthepopulation,anincreaseofnearly3percentagepointso

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