2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京航空航天大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号25

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京航空航天大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Manyyearsagopeoplethoughttheearthwasflat.Theybelievedthatthesky（）abigup-side-downbowlandthatthesun,moon,andstarswerelampshangingfromthetopofthebowl.Later,people（）better.Theyfoundoutthattheearth（）round.

Wecallthestudyoftheskiesandtheplanetsastronomy,（）wecallthewatchersoftheskiesastronomer.EarlyastronomersthoughttheearthwasthecenterofTheythoughttheheavensspun（）theearth.Later,theychangedtheir（）Theyknewtheearthwasnotthecenter.Theybelievedthattheearthandthe（）planetsspinaroundthesun.Todayweknowthisistrue.

Ancientscientistsstudiedtheskies（）simpleinstruments.Thefirstperson（）atele-scopewasnamedGalileo.In1610（）fourmoonsaroundtheplanetJupiter.Today（）usemorecomplexequipment.Someofthesemeasurethebrightnessoflight.（）breaklightsupintodifferentcolors.Radiotelescopesmakestarsandplanets（）farcloserthanGalileo’stelescopecould.Earlyastronomers（）fiveplanetsinthesky.BesidesEarth,theyknewaboutmercury,Ve-nus,Mars,Jupiter,andSaturn.In1781aseventhonewasdiscoveredandnamedUranus.Yearslat-er,astronomersfoundanotherplanetandcalleditNeptune.TheninthplanettobefoundiscalledPluto.Itwasnot（）until1930.

Todayscientistscan（）almostanywhere.Theyhavereachedtheheavenswiththeirspace-craft.In1959,aspacecraft（）tookpicturesofthedarksideofthemoon.TheyearslateraspacecraftlandedtwoAmericansonthemoon.Otherimportantjourneysintospace（）.Whoknows?Maybe（）humanbeingswillliveonanotherplanet.Maybeyouwillbeoneofthem.

问题1选项

A.is

B.was

C.hadbeen

D.were

问题2选项

A.spoke

B.told

C.knew

D.swore

问题3选项

A.was

B.hadbeen

C.is

D.were

问题4选项

A.and

B.but

C.yet

D.still

问题5选项

A.anything

B.nothing

C.something

D.everything

问题6选项

A.around

B.round

C.about

D.along

问题7选项

A.jobs

B.minds

C.suggestion

D.advice

问题8选项

A.other

B.another

C.rest

D.remained

问题9选项

A.by

B.on

C.with

D.within

问题10选项

A.touse

B.used

C.uses

D.ofusing

问题11选项

A.invented

B.created

C.saw

D.discovered

问题12选项

A.musicians

B.carpenters

C.astronomers

D.scholars

问题13选项

A.Theothers

B.Others

C.Another

D.Theother

问题14选项

A.look

B.looking

C.tolook

D.looks

问题15选项

A.couldhaveseen

B.couldsee

C.hadseen

D.saw

问题16选项

A.trapped

B.served

C.discovered

D.settled

问题17选项

A.run

B.explore

C.play

D.relax

问题18选项

A.first

B.firstly

C.forthefirst

D.firstofall

问题19选项

A.followed

B.hadfollowed

C.werefollowing

D.follow

问题20选项

A.someday

B.someday

C.somedays

D.somedays

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

第6题:A

第7题:B

第8题:A

第9题:A

第10题:A

第11题:D

第12题:C

第13题:A

第14题:A

第15题:A

第16题:C

第17题:B

第18题:A

第19题:A

第20题:A

【解析】1.语法分析。谓语动词believed为一般过去式，主语thesky为第三人称单数，因此选B。

2.词义辨析。句意：人们得更多。knew知道、了解，符合句意。

3.语法分析。句意：他们发现地球是圆的。属于客观事实，谓语动词用一般现在时，故选C。

4.逻辑关系。句意：我们将对天空和星球的研究称为天文学，我们将星空观察者称为天文学家。前后两句为并列关系，故选A。

5.词义辨析。句意：早期的天文学家认为地球是宇宙万物的中心。D项everything意为“所有事物”,符合句意。

6.固定搭配。此处句意为：他们认为天堂围绕地球转。spinaround为固定搭配意为“围绕……旋转”。

7.词义辨析。此处句意应为：他们改变了想法/认知。jobs工作；minds想法；suggestion建议；advice建议。

8.词义辨析。句意：他们认为地球和行星围绕太阳转。other其他的；another另外一个；rest剩余的；remain剩下的。故选A。

9.介词辨析。句意：古代科学家通过简易工具研究天空。by凭借……工具或手段；on在……上面；with伴随；within在……里面。故选A。

10.语法分析。空格处应为定语修饰主语。而动词不定式和动名词形式可以做定语。故A项为动词不定式做定语正确。

11.词义辨析。句意：1610年，在木星周围了四颗卫星。invented发明；created创造；saw看见；discover发现。故选D。

12.词义辨析。句意：现如今使用更精密的设备。C项astronomers（天文学家）正确。

13.关联。根据前半句someof（有些）推断空格处应为Theothers（其他的）。

14.语法分析。Make为使役动词，后面跟动词原形。故选A。

15.语法分析。空格处是对过去的一种推测：早期的天文学家可能已经看到了天空中的五颗行星。因此用could表示推测。

16.词义辨析。句意：直到1930年科学家才它。trapped诱捕、陷入困境；served招待、服务；discovered发现；settled定居、解决。故C项符合句意。

17.词义辨析。句意：科学家几乎能够宇宙的任何地方。run运行、跑；explore探索；play玩耍；relax放松。故B项符合句意。

18.词义辨析。句意：在1959年，一艘宇宙飞船首次拍到黑暗的月球上的照片。A项first意为“第一次”,而其他选项都表示“首先”，故选A。

19.语法分析。此句讲述的是过去发生的事情，因此用一般过去时。

20.词义辨析。句意：或许总有一天，人们会居住到另外一个星球。因此A项someday（有一天）正确。

2.单选题

TheFrenchwordrenaissancemeansrebirth.Itwasfirstusedin1855bythehistorianJulesicheletinhisHistoryofFrance,thenadoptedbyhistoriansofculture,byarthistorians,andeventu-allybymusichistorians,allofwhomappliedittoEuropeancultureduringthe150yearsspanning450-1600.TheconceptofrebirthwasappropriatetothisperiodofEuropeanhistorybecauseoftheewedinterestinancientGreekandRomanculturethatbeganinItalyandthenspreadthroughouturope.ScholarsandartistsofthefifteenthandsixteenthcenturieswantedtorestorethelearninganddealsoftheclassicalcivilizationsofGreeceandRome.Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohu-man—asopposedtospiritual—values.Fulfillmentinlife—asopposedtoconcernaboutanafter-life—becameadesirablegoal,andexpressingtheentirerangeofhumanemotionsandenjoyingtheleasuresofthesenseswerenolongerfrownedon.Artistsandwritersnowturnedtosecularaswellaseligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.

ThesechangesinoutlookdeeplyaffectedthemusicalcultureoftheRenaissanceperiod—howpeoplethoughtaboutmusicaswellasthewaymusicwascomposed，experienced,discussed,anddis-seminated.Theycouldseethearchitecturalmonuments,sculptures,plays,andpoemsthatwerebe-ingrediscovered,buttheycouldnotactuallyhearancientmusic—althoughtheycouldreadthewrit-ingsofclassicalphilosophers,poets,essayists,andmusictheoriststhatwerebecomingavailableintranslation.Theylearnedaboutthepowerofancientmusictomovethelistenerandwonderedwhymodernmusicdidnothavethesameeffect.Forexample,theinfluentialreligiousleaderBernardinoCirilloexpresseddisappointmentwiththelearnedmusicofhistime.Heurgedmusicianstofollowtheexampleofthesculptors,painters,architects,andscholarswhohadrediscoveredancientartandlit-erature.

ThemusicalRenaissanceinEuropewasmoreageneralculturalmovementandstateofmindthanaspecificsetofmusicaltechniques.Furthermore,musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf—thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountries—thatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthinkersoftheRenaissancewereseekingarebirthof().

3.Accordingtothepassage,RenaissanceartistsandwritershadallofthefollowingintentionsEX-CEPT().

4.Theword“disseminated”inline16isclosestinmeaningto()

5.WhichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasareasonfortheabsenceofasingleRenais-sancemusicalstyle?

问题1选项

A.ThemusicalcompositionsthatbestillustratethedevelopmentsduringtheEuropeanRenais-sance.

B.ThemusicaltechniquesthatwereinuseduringtheEuropeanRenaissance.

C.TheEuropeanRenaissanceasaculturaldevelopmentthatincludedchangesinmusicalstyle.

D.TheancientGreekandRomanmusicalpracticesusedduringtheEuropeanRenaissance.

问题2选项

A.communicationamongartistsacrossEurope

B.spiritualityineverydaylife

C.aculturalemphasisonhumanvalues

D.religiousthemesinartthatwouldaccompanythetraditionalsecularthemes

问题3选项

A.usingreligiousthemes

B.portrayingonlythepleasantpartsofhumanexperience

C.producingartthatpeoplewouldfindattractive

D.creatingworksthatwereeasilyunderstood

问题4选项

A.played

B.documented

C.spread

D.analyzed

问题5选项

A.ThemusicalRenaissancewasdefinedbytechniqueratherthanstyle.

B.ThemusicalRenaissancewastooshorttogiverisetoanewmusicalstyle.

C.RenaissancemusiciansadoptedthestylesofbothGreekandRomanmusicians.

D.DuringtheRenaissance,musicneverremainedthesameforverylong.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.文章开头介绍了“复兴”一词的来源及兴起。第二段写文艺复兴影响人们音乐思考和音乐创作的方式。第三段写这一时期的音乐风格多变，很难定义为单一的音乐类型。C项对文意的概括比较全面，所以C项正确。

2.第一段指出：Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohuman—asopposedtospiritual一values（对于这些学者而言，文艺复兴意味着对人类价值而非精神方面的回归）。C项“重视人类价值观的主张”符合原文意思。

3.B项“仅仅描述人生经历中快乐的部分”不是艺术家和作家的目的，故选B。

4.“disseminated”出现在第二段:ThesechangesinoutlookdeeplyaffectedthemusicalcultureoftheRenaissanceperiod—howpeoplethoughtaboutmusicaswellasthewaymusicwascomposed,experienced,discussed,anddisseminated.（这些观点的改变深深地影响了文艺复兴时期的音乐文化——人们思考音乐的方式以及音乐的创作、体验、争议和）。所以，C项spread“传播”正确。

5.第三段指出：musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf—thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountries—thatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle（在本世纪半叶，音乐变化如此之快，尽管在不同的国家以不同的速度变化，但我们无法定义一种文艺复兴风格）。所以“changedsorapidly”是原因，D项“音乐无法长时间的保持一种形式”正确。

3.单选题

Upuntilthattime,hisinteresthadfocusedalmost（）onfullymasteringthe

skillsandtechniquesofhiscraft.

问题1选项

A.restrictively

B.radically

C.inclusively

D.exclusively

【答案】D

【解析】句意：直到那个时候，他的兴趣几乎只（）充分地掌握职业的技能和技巧。再根据题干中almost和fully，可知他只关注掌握他的职业的技能和技巧。A选项restrictively限制性地；B选项radically根本地，彻底地；C选项inclusively包含地；D选项exclusively专有地；排外地。

4.单选题

AcenturyagointheUnitedStates,whenanindividualbroughtsuitagainstacompany,publicopiniontendedtoprotectthatcompany.Butperhapsthisphenomenonwasmoststrikinginthecaseoftherailroads.Nearlyhalfofallnegligencecasesdecidedthrough1896involvedrailroads.Andtherailroadsusuallywon.

Mostofthecasesweredecidedinstatecourts,whentherailroadshadtheclimateofthetimesontheirsides.Governmentsupportedtherailroadindustry;theprogressrailroadsrepresentedwasnottobesloweddownbyrequiringthemoftentopaydamagestothoseunluckyenoughtobehurtworkingforthem.

Courtdecisionsalwayswentagainstrailroadworkers.Mr.Farwell,anengineer,losthisrighthandwhenaswitchman’snegligenceranhisengineoffthetrack.ThecourtreasonedthatsinceFarwellhadtakenthejobofanengineervoluntarilyatgoodpay,hehadacceptedtherisk.Thereforetheaccident,thoughavoidablehadtheswitchmenactedcarefully,wasa“pureaccident”.Ineffectarailroadcouldneverbeheldresponsibleforinjurytooneemployeecausedbythemistakeofanother.

InonecasewhereaPennsylvaniaRailroadworkerhadstartedafireatawarehouseandthefirehadspreadseveralblocks,causingwidespreaddamage,ajuryfoundthecompanyresponsibleforallthedamage.Butthecourtoverturnedthejury’sdecisionbecauseitarguedthattherailroad’snegligencewastheimmediatecauseofdamageonlytothenearestbuildings.Beyondthemtheconnectionwastooremotetoconsider.

Asthecenturyworeon,publicsentimentbegantoturnagainsttherailroads—againsttheireconomicandpoliticalpowerandhighfaresaswellasagainsttheircallousness（无情）towardindividuals.

1.Whatdoestheword“negligence”meaninthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueinFarwell’scase?

3.Whatmusthavehappenedafterthefirecasewassettledincourt?

4.ThefollowingarousedpublicresentmentEXCEPT（）.

5.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

问题1选项

A.ignorance

B.arrogance

C.carelessness

D.depression

问题2选项

A.Farwellwouldnothavebeeninjurediftheswitchmanhadbeenmorecareful.

B.Thecourtarguedthatthevictimhadacceptedtherisksincehehadwillinglytakenhisjob.

C.Thecourtdecidedthattherailroadshouldnotbeheldresponsible.

D.Farwellwasinjuredbecausehenegligentlyranhisengineoffthetrack.

问题3选项

A.Therailroadcompensatedforthedamagetotheimmediatebuildings.

B.Therailroadcompensatedforallthedamagebythefire.

C.Therailroadpaidnothingforthedamagedbuilding.

D.Therailroadworkerpaidforthepropertydamagehimself.

问题4选项

A.politicalpower

B.highfares

C.economicloss

D.indifference

问题5选项

A.RailroadoppressingindividualsintheUS.

B.HistoryoftheUSrailroads.

C.Railroadworkers’workingrights.

D.Lawcasesconcerningtherailroads.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据题干“negligence”定位至第三段：Mr.Farwell,anengineer,losthisrighthandwhenaswitchman’snegligenceranhisengineoffthetrack（法威尔先生是铁路公司的一名工程师，由于一名扳道工因negligence而导致机车脱离轨道，法威尔失去了右手）。由此推测negligence意为疏忽，过失。ignorance无知，愚昧，arrogance傲慢，carelessness粗心，疏忽，depression沮丧；经济大萧条。据此可知，C项正确。

2.文章第三段指明是一位扳道工由于疏忽而导致机车脱离轨道，法威尔失去了右手，而非法威尔本人。D项的说法错误。

3.题干问的是法院对火灾案的判决结果。第四段指出：ajuryfoundthecompanyresponsibleforallthedamage.Butthecourtoverturned...Beyondthemtheconnectionwastooremotetoconsider（陪审团裁决铁路公司负责全部损失，但法院推翻了陪审团的决定，认为铁路公司的疏忽只是直接导致最邻近的建筑物受到损失，因而只对此负责任，而离得较远的房屋的损失则不在赔偿范围）。因此，铁路公司只赔偿最邻近的建筑物受到的损失。

4.根据题干关键词resentment定位至最后一段：Publicsentimentbegantoturnagainsttherailroads—againsttheireconomicandpoliticalpowerandhighfaresaswellasagainsttheircallousnesstowardindividuals（公众舆论开始反对铁路公司——反对他们在经济和政治上的权力、高票价以及他们对个人的冷漠无情。据此可知，C选项“经济损失”不包括在里面。

5.本文主要讨论的是与铁路公司有关的法律案件。

5.单选题

Johnwasnotselected（）;hewaschosenforthejobbecausehehadthemostexperience.

问题1选项

A.deliberately

B.alternatively

C.momentously

D.arbitrarily

【答案】D

【解析】副词辨析。句意：John并不是被（）选择的；他被选来承担这份工作是因为他拥有的工作经验最丰富。

deliberately故意地，谨慎地，慎重地；alternatively非此即彼，二者择一地；momentously重大地；arbitrarily随意地，武断地。D选项“随意地”符合句意。

6.单选题

Thetownplanningcommissionsaidthattheirfinancial（）forthenextfiscal

yearwasoptimistic;theyexpectincreasedtaxrevenues.

问题1选项

A.outlook

B.oversight

C.notion

D.subject

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析。句意：城市规划委员会表示，他们对下一个财政年度的财务前景持乐观态度；他们预计税收会增加。

7.单选题

Theirviewthatwomenarethenatural（）ofmoralityisnotmyview.

问题1选项

A.guardians

B.guards

C.guides

D.soldiers

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析。句意：他们认为，女人是道德的天然，但我不认同。guardians守护者、保护人；guards守卫、后卫、护卫队、禁卫军；guides引导、向导；soldiers军人。故选A。

8.单选题

Whenadiseaseofepidemicproportionsripsintothepopulace,scientistsimmediatelygettowork,tryingtolocatethesourceoftheafflictionandfindwaystocombatit.Oftentimes,successisachieved,asmedicalscienceisabletoisolatetheparasite,germorcellthatcausestheprob-lemandfindswaystoeffectivelykillorcontainit.Inthemostseriousofcases,inwhichtheen-tirepopulationofaregionorcountrymaybeatgraverisk,itisdeemednecessarytoprotecttheentirepopulationthroughvaccination,soastosafeguardlivesandensurethatthediseasewillnotspread.

Theprocessofvaccinationallowsthepatient’sbodytodevelopimmunitytothevirusordiseasesothat,ifitisencountered,onecanwarditoffnaturally.Toaccomplishthis,asmallweakordeadstrainofthediseaseisactuallyinjectedintothepatientinacontrolledenvironment,sothathisbody’simmunesystemcanlearntofighttheinvaderproperly.Informationonhowtopenetratethedisease’sdefensesistransmittedtoallelementsofthepatient’simmunesysteminaprocessthatoccursnatural-ly,inwhichgeneticinformationispassedfromcelltocell.Thismakessurethat,shouldthepatientlatercomeintocontactwiththerealproblem,hisbodyiswellequippedandtrainedtodealwithit,havingalreadydonesobefore.

Therearedangersinherentintheprocess,however.Onoccasion,eventheweakenedversionofthediseasecontainedinthevaccineprovestoomuchforthebodytohandle,resultingintheimmunesystemsuccumbing,and,therefore,thepatient’sdeath.Suchisthecaseofthesmallpoxvaccine,designedtoeradicatethesmallpoxepidemicthatnearlywipedouttheentireNativeAmericanpopula-tionandkilledmassivenumbersofsettlers.Approximately1in10,000peoplewhoreceivesthevac-cinecontractthesmallpoxdiseasefromthevaccineitselfanddiesfromit.Thus,iftheentirepopula-tionoftheUnitedStatesweretoreceivetheSmallpoxVaccinetoday,30000Americanswouldbeleftdead.

Fortunately,thesmallpoxviruswasconsiderederadicatedintheearly1970s,endingthemanda-toryvaccinationofallbabiesinAmerica.Intheeventofareintroductionofthedisease,however,mandatoryvaccinationsmayresume,resultinginmoreunexpecteddeathsfromvaccination.Theprocess,whichistrulyamixedblessing,mayindeedhidesomehiddencurses.

1.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe（）

2.WhatdoestheexampleoftheSmallpoxVaccineillustrate?

3.Thephrase“warditoffnaturally”(Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans（）

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

5.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageis（）

问题1选项

A.“Vaccinations:ABlessingorACurse”

B.“PrinciplesofVaccinations”

C.“Vaccines:MethodsandImplications”

D.“AMiracleCureunderAttack”

问题2选项

A.Thepossiblenegativeoutcomeofadministeringvaccines.

B.Thepracticaluseofavaccinetocontrolanepidemicdisease.

C.Theeffectivenessofvaccinesineradicatingcertaindisease.

D.Themethodbywhichvaccinesareemployedagainstthedisease.

问题3选项

A.disposeofitnaturally

B.fightitoffwithease

C.seetoitreluctantly

D.splitupproperly

问题4选项

A.Savingthemajoritywouldnecessarilyjustifythedeathoftheminority.

B.Theimmunesystemcanbetrainedtofightweakerversionsofadisease.

C.Mandatoryvaccinationsareindispensabletothesurvivalofthepopulace.

D.Theprocessofvaccinationremainsamysterytobefurtherresolved.

问题5选项

A.tocommentandcriticize

B.todemonstrateandargue

C.tointerestandentertain

D.toexplainandinform

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨题。C选项“接种：方法和含义”概括全文大意。其他选项不够全面。

2.细节题。文章中天花的举例是在第三段中出现的，第三、四段主要阐述使用疫苗可能带来的负面效果，而A选项“管理疫苗可能带来的负面后果”与文章相符。

3.细节题。第二段讲述的是如果接种疫苗，身体可以自然对抗这种疾病，选项B（很轻松地与之对抗）正确。

4.推理题。选项B（免疫系统能够被训练来抵抗较弱的疾病变体）符合原文中心思想。

5.主旨题。本文是科普性文章。所以D项（为了解释和告知信息）正确。

9.单选题

Itisdifficultto（）thisgoalifyouworkhardcontinuously.

问题1选项

A.attributeto

B.audit

C.bare

D.attain

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析。句意：即使你一直努力工作，也很难这个目标。attributeto归因于；audit稽查，审计；bare揭开;脱掉（衣服）；attain获得，达到。因此，D项符合句意。

10.单选题

Thereceptionwasattendedby（）membersofthelocalcommunity.

问题1选项

A.excellent

B.conspicuous

C.prominent

D.noticeable

【答案】C

【解析】C选项prominent意为“突出的；著名的”。句意：参加这次招待会的是当地社区的（）人士。A选项excellent极好的；B选项conspicuous显而易见的；C选项prominent突出的；著名的；D选项noticeable引人注目的，C选项prominent符合句意。

11.单选题

Parentsoftenfacedthe（）betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.

问题1选项

A.junction

B.paradox

C.premise

D.dilemma

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析。句意：父母经常面临这样的

：是做自己认为对孩子发展有利的事情还是坐视孩子毫无纪律的吵闹和破坏。

junction接合点，会合点；paradox悖论，自相矛盾的人或事；premise前提，假设；dilemma困境，进退两难。空格后有“between...and...”，因此这里说的是父母在教育孩子时陷入进退两难的境况，D项dilemma符合句意。

12.写作题

Writeanessayofnolessthan150wordsaboutyourviewpointstoopiniononthewritingclassforthePHDstudents.

【答案】

MyViewpointstoWritingClassforPhDStudents

13.单选题

Englishisanimportantforeignlanguagetomasterbecauseitprovidesready（）toworldscholarshipandworldtrade.

问题1选项

A.excess

B.approach

C.solution

D.access

【答案】D

【解析】句意：英语是一门非常重要的需要掌握的外语，因为它是通向知识世界和商业世界的（）。

A选项excess超过；B选项approach接近；C选项solution解决；D选项access入口，进入。选项D符合句意。

14.单选题

The（）colonialistsmanagedtowipeouttheentirepopulation.

问题1选项

A.aboriginal

B.original

C.large

D.regional

【答案】A

【解析】形容词辨析。句意：（）殖民主义者们设法消灭全部人口。aboriginal原始的，土著的；original最早的，最初的；large大量的；regional地区的。因此，A项aboriginal符合句意。

15.单选题

Tocallsomeonebird-brainedinEnglishmeansyouthinkthatpersonissillyorstu-pid.Butwillthisdescriptionsoondisappearfromuseinthelightofrecentresearch?ItseemstheEnglishmayhavebeenunfairinassociatingbird’sbrainswithstupidity.

Inanattempttofindouthowdifferentcreaturesseetheworld,psychologistsatBrownUniversityintheUSAhavebeencomparingthebehaviourofbirdsandhumans.OneexperimenthasinvolvedteachingpigeonstorecognizelettersoftheEnglishalphabet.Thebirdsstudyin“classrooms”，whichareboxesequippedwithacomputer.Afteraboutfourdaysofstudyingaparticularletter,thepigeonhastopickoutthatletterfromseveraldis-playedonthecomputerscreen.Threemalepigeonshavelearnttodistinguishalltwenty-sixlettersofthealphabetinthisway.

Acomputerrecordofthebirds’four-monthstudyperiodhasshownsurprisingsimilar-itiesbetweenthepigeons’andhumanperformance.Pigeonsandpeoplefindthesameletterseasy,orhard,totellapart.Forexample,92percentofthetimethepigeonscouldtelltheletterDfromtheletterZ.ButwhenfacedwithUandV(oftenconfusedbyEnglishchil-dren),thepigeonswererightonly34percentofthetime.

Theresultsoftheexperimentssofarhaveledpsychologiststoconcludethatpigeonsandhumansobservethingsinsimilarways.Thissuggeststhatthereissomethingfunda-mentalabouttherecognitionprocess.Ifscientistscouldonlydiscoverjustwhatthisrecog-nitionprocessis,itcouldbeveryusefulforcomputerdesigners.Thedisadvantageofapresentcomputeristhatitcanonlydowhatahumanbeinghasprogrammedittodoandtheprogrammermustgivethecomputerprecise,logicalinstructions.Maybeinthefuture,though,computerswillbeabletothinklikehumanbeings.

1.Thewritersuggeststhattheexpression“bird-brained”mightbeoutofusesoonbe-causeitis（）

2.sychologistshavebeenexperimentingwithpigeonstofindoutwhetherthebirds

3.UandVareconfusedby（）.

4.Therearesimilaritiesinobservingthingsbypigeonsandhumans（）.

5.Theresearchmayhelp（）•

问题1选项

A.silly

B.impolite

C.unnecessary

D.inappropriate

问题2选项

A.arereallysillyorstupid

B.canlearntomakeideasknowntopeople

C.seetheworldashumanbeingsdo

D.learnmorequicklythanchildren

问题3选项

A.92percentofpigeons

B.manyEnglishchildren

C.mostpeoplelearningEnglish

D.4percentofEnglishchildren

问题4选项

A.becausepigeonsaretaughtbyhumans

B.becausepigeonshavebrainsmoredevelopedthanotherbirds

C.becausetheirbasicwaystoknowtheworldarethesame

D.becausepigeonsandhumanshavesimilarbrains

问题5选项

A.computerdesigners

B.computersalesmen

C.psychologists

D.teachers

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据题干关键词“bird-brained”定位至第一段：Tocallsomeonebird-brainedinEnglishmeansyouthinkthatpersonissillyorstupid.Butwillthisdescriptionsoondisappearfromuseinthelightofrecentresearch?ItseemstheEnglishmayhavebeenunfairinassociatingbird’sBrainswithstupidity（在英语中，如果称某人为“鸟脑”，意思就是这个人非常愚蠢或没头脑。不过最近的一项研究显示，这个叫法可能很快会不再使用。看来英语将鸟的大脑与愚蠢联系在一起是不公平的）。因此，正确答案为D。

2.根据题干关键词“Psychologists,experimenting,pigeons”定位至第二段：Inanattempttofindouthowdifferentcreaturesseetheworld，美国布朗大学的心理学家将鸟类和人类的行为进行了比较，为了了解不同的生物是怎么领会世界的。据此可知，心理学家用鸽子做实验是为了发现鸟类与人类在领会世界方面是否相同。

3.根据题干定位至第三段：ButwhenfacedwithUandV(oftenconfusedbyEnglishchildren),thepigeonswererightonly34percentofthetime（当面对字母U和V（英语孩子常常混淆这两个字母）时，鸽子的正确率只有34%）。据此可知B项正确。

4.根据题干关键词“observingthingsbypigeonsandhumans”定位至第四段：Theresultsoftheexperimentssofarhaveledpsychologiststoconcludethatpigeonsandhumansobservethingsinsimilarways.Thissuggeststhatthereissomethingfundamentalabouttherecognitionprocess.（目前为止，心理学家从这些实验结果得到的结论是，鸽子和人类以相似的方式观察事物。这表明，识别过程具有基本的因素。）据此可知，鸽子和人类在观察事物方面相似是因为他们认识世界的基本方法相同，因此正确答案为C。

5.根据题干关键词“research”定位至第四段，第四段讲的是resultsoftheexperiments（试验结果）：Ifscientistscouldonlydiscoverjustwhatthisrecognitionprocessis,itcouldbeveryusefulforcomputerdesigners.”可知，这将给计算机设计师带来很大的益处，A项正确。

16.单选题

Thenewsitemaboutthefireisfollowedbyadetailedreportmade（）.

问题1选项

A.onthelocation

B.onthesite

C.onthespot

D.ontheground

【答案】C

【解析】短语辨析。句意：火灾的新闻之后是一份详细的现场报告。因此选C。

17.单选题

Theunpleasanttasteofthemedicineprescribedbyafamousdoctor（）inhis

mouthforhours.

问题1选项

A.rests

B.waited

C.prolonged

D.lingered

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析。rests休息；waited等待；prolonged延长；lingered逗留。句意：那位名医开的药的讨厌味道在他嘴里（）了好几个小时。因此D选项符合句意。

18.单选题

Therearetwomethodsoffighting,theonebylaw,theotherbyforce;thefirstmethodisthatofmen,thesecondofbeasts;butasthefirstmethodisofteninsufficient,onemusthaverecoursetothesecond.Itis,therefore,necessaryforaprincetoknowhowtouseboththebeastandtheman.Thiswascovertlytaughttotherulersbyancientwriters,whorelatehowAchillesandmanyothersofthoseancientprincesweregivenChironthecentaurtobebroughtupandeducatedunderhisdiscipline.

Theparable（寓言）ofthissemi-animal,semi•humanteacherismeanttoindicatethataprincemustknowhowtousebothnaturesandthattheonewithouttheotherisnotdurable.

Aprince,beingthusobligedtoknowwellhowtoactasabeast,mustimitatethefox,andtheli-on,forthelioncannotprotecthimselffromtraps,andthefoxcannotdefendhimselffromwolves.Thosethatwishtobeonlylionsdonotunderstandthis.Therefore,aprudentruleroughtnottokeepfaithwhenbydoingsoitwouldbeagainsthisinterest,andthereasonswhichmadehimbindhimselfnolongerexist.Ifmenwereallgood,thispreceptwouldnotbeagoodone;butastheyarebad,andwouldnotobservetheirfaithwithyou,soyouarenotboundtokeepfaithwiththem.Norhavelegiti-mategroundseverfailedaprincewhowishedtoshowcolorableexcuseforthenonfulfillmentofhispromise.Ofthisonecouldfurnishaninfinitenumberofexamples,andshowhowmanytimespeacehasbeenbroken,andhowmanypromisesrenderedworthless,bythefaithlessnessofprinces,andthosethathavebestbeenabletoimitatethefoxhavesucceededbest.Butitisnecessarytobeabletodisguisethischaracterwell,andtobeagreatfeigneranddissembler,andmenaresosimpleandsoreadytoobeypresentnecessities,thattheonewhodeceiveswillalwaysfindthosewhoallowthem-selvestobedeceived.

1.Thewriterdoesnotbelievethat（）.

2.“Prince”inthepassagedesignates（）

3.Thelionrepresentsthosewhoare（）

4.Thefox,inthepassage,is（）.

5.Thewritersuggeststhatasuccessfulleadermust（

）.

问题1选项

A.thetruthmakesmenfree

B.peoplecanprotectthemselves

C.princesarehuman

D.leadershavetobeconsistent

问题2选项

A.anyoneinpower

B.electedofficials

C.aristocrats

D.sonsofkings

问题3选项

A.tootrusting

B.reliantonforceonly

C.strongandpowerful

D.lackinginforce

问题4选项

A.admiredforhistrickery

B.nomatchforthelion

C.pitiedforhiswiles

D.consideredworthless

问题5选项

A.beprudentandfaithful

B.cheatandlie

C.haveprincipletoguidehisactions

D.followthetruth

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理题。第一段指出：butasthefirstmethodisofteninsufficient，onemusthaverecoursetothesecond（只使用第一种方法是不够的，还要使用第二种方法）。D选项“领导者必须始终如一”符合题意。

2.推理题。根据文章推断,“Prince”指代的是A项“任何掌权的人”。

3.推理题。根据题干关键词“lion”定位至第二段:...forthelioncannotprotecthimselffromtr