2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南交通大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号80

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南交通大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

（）asitwasatsuchatime,hisworkattractedmuchattention.

问题1选项

A.Beingpublished

B.Published

C.Publishing

D.Tobepublished

【答案】B

【解析】语法题。考查倒装句。前后句子是转折关系，“…asitwasatsuchatime”为as引导的倒装句作让步状语从句，因此as前应该是动词publish的过去分词形式，故选B。句意：尽管在如此一个时间被出版，但是他的作品却引起了很多关注。

2.单选题

（）oftheburdenofice,theballoonclimbedupanddriftedtotheSouth.

问题1选项

A.Tobefree

B.Tofree

C.Freeing

D.Freed

【答案】D

【解析】句意:摆脱了冰块的负担之后，气球向上朝南方飘去。

语法题。考查非谓语动词。句子的后半部分已经完整，因此空格处应填入动词的非谓语形式，前半部分作为整句的状语。句子的主语是“气球”，动词free与其之间是被动关系，故选D项。

3.单选题

Thepuritanarmyexecutedtheking,abolishedtheHouseofLords,andgottheHouseof

Commonsto（）Englanda"commonwealth",orrepublic.

问题1选项

A.proclaim

B.reclaim

C.exclaim

D.declaim

【答案】A

【解析】句意:清教徒军队处决了国王，废除了上议院，并让下议院宣布英格兰为“联邦”或共和国。

考查动词辨析。proclaim宣布；宣称；reclaim开拓；改造某人;exclaim呼喊；declaim演讲；朗读。空格处动词后面的句意为“英格兰为“联邦”或共和国”，因此A符合句意。

4.单选题

Itwasatypeofurbanstorythatcontinuesto（）bigcitydwellersforwardeachday,ataleofhardworkandself-startinginitiative,oftakingmattersintoone’sownhandstomakedreamscometrue.

问题1选项

A.penetrate

B.propel

C.baffle

D.harness

【答案】B

【解析】句意:这是一种推动着都市人不断向前的都市故事，讲述的是努力工作、自我奋斗来实现梦想的故事。

考查动词辨析。penetrate渗透；穿过；propel推进，驱使；baffle困惑，难住;harness治理，驾驭。这里的选项既要符合句意，又要与后面的forward构成搭配，故选B项。propelsb.forward表示“推动某人向前”。

5.单选题

Inthepast,mostforestershavebeenmen,buttoday,thenumberofwomen（）thisfieldisclimbing.

问题1选项

A.engaging

B.devoting

C.registering

D.pursuing

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。选项A：engage“吸引，使参加，，雇佣，从事（后接其他成分需要用介词in）”；选项B：devote“（一般接to引出对象）致力于，奉献”;选项C：register“显示，登记，注册”；选项D：pursue“追赶，从事（可直接跟从事的对象），继续”。由此可知A、B、C均不符合题意，选项D正确。句意：在过去，大部分的林务员都是男性，但现如今这个领域的女性工作人员数量越来越多。

6.单选题

Theflowersinthevase（）becausetheyhadnowater.

问题1选项

A.ripened

B.wrinkled

C.withered

D.prospered

【答案】C

【解析】句意:花瓶里的花因为没有水而枯萎了。

考查动词辨析。ripen(使)成熟；wrinkle起皱；皱起；wither枯萎;prosper繁荣，昌盛。根据原因状语“因为没有水”可知C项符合句意。

7.单选题

Ifyouknowwhatthetroubleis,whydon'tyouhelpthemto（）thesituation?

问题1选项

A.simplify

B.modify

C.verify

D.rectify

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。选项A：simplify“简化，使单纯”;选项B:modify“修改”；选项C：verify“核实，查证”;选项D：rectify“矫正，改正”。rectify是指抽象意义上对于偏离正常轨道的矫正，因此与题意更切合，所以选项D正确。句意：如果你知道问题出在哪里，为什么不帮助他们扭转局面呢?

8.单选题

AclassactionlawsuithasbeenfiledagainstaprominentTorontodoctorbypatientswhoallegeheinjectedabannedsubstanceintotheirfacesforcosmeticpurposes.Thedoctorhadalreadybeeninvestigatedformorethanthreeyearsforusingtheliquidsilicone,aproductnotauthorizedforuseinCanada.

Somepatientssaytheyarenowsufferinghealthproblemsandthinktheliquidsiliconemaybetoblame.OneofthosepatientsisAnnaBarbiero.ShesaysherTorontodermatologisttoldherhewasusingliquidsiliconetosmoothoutwrinkles.Whatshesayshedidn’ttellheristhatitisn'tapprovedforuseinCanada.“Ididn'tknowwhatliquidsiliconewasandhejustcalleditliquidgold,Barbieroremembers.Afterherlasttreatment,AnnadiscoveredDr.SheldonPollackhadbeenorderedtostopusingthesiliconetwoyearsearlierbyHealthCanada.Expertssaysiliconecanmigratethroughthebody,andcauseinflammationanddeformities.

“Myupperlipisalwaysnumbanditburns”，Barbierosays.Barbieroisspearheading（带头）alawsuitagainstthedoctor,whoherlawyerthinksmightinvolveupto100patientsinjectedwiththesamematerial.“Thefact,aphysicianofhisstaturewoulduseanunauthorizedproductonapatientbecausehethoughtitwasokay,isreallyverydisturbing.”sayslawyerDouglasElliott.

Ontario’sCollegeofPhysiciansandSurgeonsisalsoinvestigatingDr.Pollacktoseeif,infact,hecontinuedtousethesiliconeafteragreeingtostopandwhetherhewroteinpatientrecordsthatheusedanotherlegalproductwhenheusedsilicone.However,inalettertotheCollege,Dr.PollackwrotethathehadalwaystoldpatientsthatthesiliconewasnotapprovedforsaleinCanada,andhadwarnedthemoftherisks.AndinBarviero’scase,“atthetimeofherfirstvisit,priortohereverreceivingIGLStreatment,IspecificallyinformedherthatthematerialwasnotapprovedforsaleinCanadabytheHealthProtectionBranchandthatIdidreceivethematerialfromoutsidethecountryIwouldliketoemphasizethat,asisevidentonMs.Barbiero’schart,IdrewaspecificdiagramonthechartwhichIcarefullydiscussedwithandexplainedtoMs.BarbieroasIdidwitheveryotherpatienttoexplainthenatureandlikelihoodofcomplicationsandthereasonsandconsequencesofthosepossiblecomplications.”

Dr.PollackdeclinetospeaktoCTVNews,ortohavehislawyerdiscussthecase.Noneoftheallegationshavebeenprovenincourt.Butthecauseraisesquestionsabouttheabilityofgoverningbodiestomonitordoctors.“There’salargemessageandthatis:buyerbeware,”saysNancyNeilsenofCosmeticSurgeryCanada,It'sincumbent（负有义务的）onconsumerstodotheirresearch.”

1.DoctorSheldonPollackwaschargedthat（）.

2.Whatdoestheword"dermatoIogist"(Line2.Para2)mean?

3.TheinvestigationofOntario'sCollegeofPhysiciansandSurgeonsistofind（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

5.Fromtheendingpartofthepassage,wecanconcludethat（）.

问题1选项

A.hehadprescribedwrongmedicineforpatientsbymistake

B.hehadtreatedhispatientswithsomethingillegal,causingbadresult

C.hehadpretendedtobeaprominentsurgeon

D.hehadsoldanunauthorizedproductinlargeamount

问题2选项

A.Apersonwhoseworkisfilling,cleaningandtakingoutteeth

B.Apersonwhoseworkisstudyingmentaldiseases

C.Apersonwhoseworkishealingeyediseases

D.Apersonwhoseworkiscuringskindiseases

问题3选项

A.whetherhestillhasillegaltreatmentonhispatients

B.howmanypatientshavebeenabused

C.ifhetoldhispatientsabouttherisk

D.howmuchmoneyhegotfromhisillegaltreatment

问题4选项

A.Barbierotookthetreatmentafterbeingtoldtherisk

B.Dr.SheldonPollackstartedhisworkwiththepatients'agreementacceptthepotential

C.Afamousdoctorshouldbeauthorizedtousesomething,hethinksokayonpatients

D.Barbieroissufferingalot

问题5选项

A.Barbierowillwinthelawsuit

B.Dr.SheldonPollackwillwinthelawsuit

C.thecaseshavebeendismissed

D.governingbodiestomonitordoctorwillbecharged

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。第一段指出：AclassactionlawsuithasbeenfiledagainstaprominentTorontodoctorbypatientswhoallegeheinjectedabannedsubstanceintotheirfacesforcosmeticpurposes（日前，多伦多一名著名医生被患者提起集体诉讼，指控他为美容目的向脸部注射违禁药物）。第二段指出：Somepatientssaytheyarenowsufferinghealthproblemsandthinktheliquidsiliconemaybetoblame（一些病人说他们现在正遭受健康问题，并认为液体硅胶可能是罪魁祸首）。因此B项“他用导致不好结果的一些不合法东西治疗自己的病人”正确。

第2题:词义题。“dermatoIogist”所在句为：ShesaysherTorontodermatologisttoldherhewasusingliquidsiliconetosmoothoutwrinkles（她说，她在多伦多的…告诉她，他正使用液体硅胶来去除皱纹）。由此推测，“dermatoIogist”可能表示“工作是治疗皮肤病的人”，故选D。

第3题:细节事实题。第四段指出：...toseeif,infact,hecontinuedtousethesiliconeafteragreeingtostopandwhetherhewroteinpatientrecordsthatheusedanotherlegalproductwhenheusedsilicone（看看他在同意停止使用硅胶后是否继续使用，以及他是否在病人记录中注明在使用硅胶时使用了另一种合法产品）。由此可知，A项“是否他仍然在他的病人身上有非法的治疗”正确。

第4题:判断推理题。A:Barbiero在被告知有风险后接受了治疗。B:SheldonPollack医生在病人同意接受这种可能性后开始了手术。文章指出：Dr.Pollack和病人Barbiero对是否告知液态硅胶的潜在风险各执一词。因此A和B项不正确。C:一个有名的医生应该被授权在病人身上使用他认为没问题的东西。D:Barbiero饱受其害。第三段指出：Thefact,aphysicianofhisstaturewoulduseanunauthorizedproductonapatientbecausehethoughtitwasokay,isreallyverydisturbing（事实上，像他这样的医生会在病人身上使用未经授权的产品，因为他认为这是可以的，这才令人不安）。因此C项不正确，D项正确。

第5题:判断推理题。A:Barbiero将赢得这场官司。B:SheldonPollack医生将赢得这场官司。最后一段指出：Noneoftheallegationshavebeenprovenincourt（迄今所有指控都未经法庭认证）。因此A跟B项都不正确。C:这些案件已被驳回。D:监督医生的管理机构将被起诉。最后一段指出：Butthecauseraisesquestionsabouttheabilityofgoverningbodiestomonitordoctors（但是这个案件引发了人们对于政府监管部门对医生的监督能力的质疑）。因此D项不正确，本题选C。

9.单选题

Thetwoscholarsworkedatthetaskofwritingaprefacetothenewdictionaryforthreehours（）lastnight.

问题1选项

A.atlength

B.infull

C.onend

D.intime

【答案】C

【解析】考查短语词义辨析。选项A：atlength“最后，详细地”；选项B：infull“全部，充分，充足”；选项C：onend“连续地；竖着”;选项D：intime“及时”。由题意可知，选项C正确。句意：为了给那本新词典写序，这两位学者昨晚连续花了三个小时。

10.单选题

TheSpaceAge（）inOctober1957whenthefirstartificialsatellitewaslaunchedbytheSovietUnion.

问题1选项

A.initiated

B.originated

C.embarked

D.commenced

【答案】D

【解析】句意:太空时代始于1957年10月，当时苏联发射了第一颗人造卫星。

考查动词辨析。initiate开始；创始：发起（及物动词，其后不需跟介词）；originate起源；发生；embark着手；从事；上船或飞机；commence开始（可充当不及物动词，后跟介词in）；着手。空格后有介词in，因此D项正确。

11.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChineseandwriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.

1.Whatremainspertinentisthereport'svisionoftheroleofgovernmentinresearch,includinghisassertionthatthefederalgovernmenthadboththeauthorityandtheobligationtosupportbasicresearch.

2.Thecriticismandbudgetcutsdirectedatuniversitieshavecreateduneaseandacorrespondingsearchforsolutions.

3.Wewouldn'thavenetworkscapableofhandlingmassiveamountsofdataifphysicistsandastronomershadn'tcontinuouslyforgedtoolstolookmoredeeplyintotheuniverse.

4.Ratherthanevaluatingprogramsintermsofhowhappytheymakepeople,howsatisfiedthosepeoplebecome,programsmustbeevaluatedintermsofthequalityofthediscontenttheyengender.

5.Whenamaniswrong,heiswrong,andthereisnoneedforonetobeimpressedandoverawedbyagreatnameorbythenumberofbooksthathehasreadandwehaven’t.

【答案】1.该报告对政府在研究中所扮演的角色的看法仍然中肯，他认为联邦政府有权利，也有义务支持基础研究。

2.针对大学的批评以及削减其财政预算，既造成了不安定因素，又激发了解决相应问题的探索精神。

3.如果物理学家和天文学家不曾连续发明工具，以便更深入地探讨宇宙的话，我们就不会有能够处理大量信息的网络系统。

4.对于各项计划的评估，不要看其令人们高兴的程度，让人们满意的程度，而要看其引起的不满情绪属于什么性质。

5.当一个人犯错误时，他就是错了，不必因震于他的大名，或震于他的高深学问，而对他有所畏惧。

12.单选题

Allexpertsagreethatthemostimportantconsiderationwithdietdrugsiscarefully（）therisksandbenefits.

问题1选项

A.weighing

B.valuing

C.evaluating

D.distinguishing

【答案】A

【解析】句意:所有专家都认为，在对减肥药所做的各方面的考虑中，最重要的是仔细权衡风险和益处。

考查动词辨析。weight使变重，权衡；value评价，重视；evaluate评价，估价；distinguish区分，辨别，使杰出。根据题干关键词therisksandbenefits(风险和益处)可知A项符合句意。

13.单选题

Japanesefirmshaveachievedthehighestlevelsofmanufacturingefficiencyintheworldautomobileindustry.SomeobserversofJapanhaveassumedthatJapanesefirmsusethesamemanufacturingequipmentsandtechniquesasUnitedStatesfirms,buthavebenefitedfromtheuniquecharacteristicsofJapaneseemployeesandtheJapaneseculture.However,ifthisweretrue,thenonewouldexpectJapaneseautoplantsintheUnitedStatestoperformnobetterthanfactoriesrunbyUnitedStatescompanies.Thisisnotthecase.Japanese-runautomobileplantslocatedintheUnitedStatesandstaffedbylocalworkershavedemonstratedhigherlevelsofproductivitywhencomparedwithfactoriesownedbyUnitedStatescompanies.

OtherobserverslinkhighJapaneseproductivitytohigherlevelsofcapitalinvestmentperworker.Butahistoricalperspectiveleadstoadifferentconclusion.WhenthetwotopJapaneseautomobilemakersmatchedandthendoubledUnitedStatesproductivitylevelsinthemid-sixties,capitalinvestmentperemployeewascomparabletothatofUnitedStatesfirms.Furthermore,bythelateseventies,theamountoffixedassetsrequiredtoproduceonevehiclewasroughlyequivalentinJapanandintheUnitedStates.SincecapitalinvestmentwasnothigherinJapan,ithadtobeotherfactorsthatledtohigherproductivity.

AmorefruitfulexplanationmayliewithJapaneseproductiontechniques.Japaneseautomobileproducersdidnotsimplyimplementconventionalprocessesmoreeffectively:theymadecriticalchangesinUnitedStatesprocedures.Forinstance,themass-productionphilosophyofUnitedStatesautomakersencouragedtheproductionofhugelotsofcarsinordertoutilizefullyexpensive,component-specificequipmentandtooccupyfullyworkerswhohavebeentrainedtoexecuteoneoperationefficiently.Japaneseautomakerschosetomakesmall-lotproductionfeasiblebyintroducingseveraldeparturesfromUnitedStatespractices,includingtheuseofflexibleequipmentthatcouldbealteredeasilytodoseveraldifferentproductiontasksandthetrainingofworkersinmultiplejobs.Automakerscouldscheduletheproductionofdifferentcomponentsormodelsonsinglemachines,therebyeliminatingtheneedtostorethebufferstocksofextracomponentsthatresultwhenspecializedequipmentandworkersarekeptconstantlyactive.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofJapaneseautomobileworkers?

3.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraph?

4.Whatistheproblemthatisassociatedwiththeproductionofhugelotsofcarsiswhichofthefollowing?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedbyinformationstatedinthepassage?

问题1选项

A.presentthemajorstepsofaprocess

B.clarifyanambiguity

C.chronicleadispute

D.correctmisconceptions

问题2选项

A.TheirproductivitylevelsdidnotequalthoseofUnitedStatesautomobileworkersuntilthelateseventies.

B.Theirhighefficiencylevelsareadirectresultofculturalinfluences.

C.Theyoperatecomponent-specificmachinery.

D.Theyaretrainedtodomorethanonejob.

问题3选项

A.Atopicalthemeispresentedfollowedbysupportingexamples.

B.Opposingviewsarepresented,classifiedandthenreconciled.

C.Afactisstated,andanexplanationisadvancedandthenrefuted.

D.Atheoryisproposed,consideredandthenamended.

问题4选项

A.Theneedtomanufactureflexiblemachineryandequipment

B.Theneedtostoreextracomponentsnotrequiredforimmediateuse

C.Theneedforexpensivetrainingprogramsforworkers,whichemphasizethedevelopmentoffacilityinseveralproductionjobs.

D.Theneedtoalterconventionalmass-productionprocesses

问题5选项

A.JapaneseandUnitedStatesautomakersdifferintheirapproachtoproductionprocesses.

B.Japaneseautomakershaveperfectedtheuseofsingle-functionequipment.

C.JapaneseautomakersinvestmorecapitalperemployeethandoUnitedStatesautomakers.

D.UnitedStates-ownedfactoriesabroadhavehigherproductionlevelsthandoJapaneseownedplantsintheUnitedStates.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。文章开头提出了话题:在世界汽车行业中日本公司的生产效率最高。第一段、第二段分别探讨了针对此话题的两种观点并一一驳斥。第三段再提出正确观点。因此，D项“更正错误的想法”比较能概括文章目的。

第2题:细节事实题。最后一段指出:Japaneseautomakerschosetomakesmall-lotproductionfeasiblebyintroducingseveraldeparturesfromUnitedStatespractices,includingtheuseofflexibleequipmentthatcouldbealteredeasilytodoseveraldifferentproductiontasksandthetrainingofworkersinmultiplejobs(日本汽车制造商选择通过引入几项与美国不同的做法，使小批量生产成为可能，包括使用灵活的设备，这些设备可以很容易地改变，以完成几项不同的生产任务，并培训从事多种工作的工人)，因此，D项“他们（即日本汽车工人）被培训去做不止一项工作”正确。

第3题:判断推理题。第一段先陈述事实:日本企业在世界汽车企业生产效率中达到最高水平，随后针对这个事实进行解释，最后反驳:情况不是这样。因此，C项“陈述一个事实；接着进行解释，然后进行反驳”正确。

第4题:细节事实题。最后一段指出:therebyeliminatingtheneedtostorethebufferstocksofextracomponentsthatresultwhenspecializedequipmentandworkersarekeptconstantlyactive(从而消除了去储存额外部件缓冲库存的需要，而该需求产生于特定的设备和工人被保持不断工作时)。因此，B项“需要储存不被立刻需要的额外部件”正确。

第5题:细节事实题。最后一段指出:AmorefruitfulexplanationmayliewithJapaneseproductiontechniques.Japaneseautomobileproducersdidnotsimplyimplementconventionalprocessesmoreeffectively:theymadecriticalchangesinUnitedStatesprocedures(一个更有成效的解释可能在于日本人的生产技术。日本汽车生产商并没有简单地更有效地实施传统流程：他们在美国的做法上进行了重大的变革)，由此可知A项“日本和美国汽车制造商在他们的生产流程上有差异”正确。

14.单选题

CharlesWeiss,programmedirectorofscienceandinternationalaffairsatGeorgetownUniversityinWashingtonD.C,wasthebank'sscienceadviserintheearly1980s.Hebelievesthislatestattempttogetthebankthinkingaboutsciencehasmorechanceofsucceedingthanhisownefforts.This,hesays,ispartlybecausetheyhavethesupportofseniorexecutives,particularlyJamesWolfensohn,thebank'spresidentandpartlybecausethebankisnowkeentopromoteknowledge-baseddevelopment.

Unusuallyforalendinginstitution,theWorldBankpossessesworld-classexpertiseontheprojectsandtheregionswhereitlendsmoney.Ofits8,000staff,3000haveaPhD-levelqualification,andmanyofthesearetop-rankedresearchersheadhuntedfromuniversities.Thequantityandqualityofthebank'sresearchisconsistentlyhigh.

Butthismoreanalyticalaspectofthebank'sworkhasalwaysbeenovershadowedbyitslendingarmknownasoperationswhichhasgenerallyconsideredresearchtobeafunctionoflending,ratherthananactivityinitsownright.In1987,halfoftheresearchstaffweresenttoworkinoperations.

Thistensionbetweentheresearchandlendingwingsremains,andisoneofseveralchallengesthatwillneedtobeovercomeifthenewstrategyistobearfruit.Inparticular,theneedforanewdepartmentforscienceisbeingquestionedbysomewhodonotwanttoseescienceconfinedtoaghettoandthinkitshouldbepartofthelendingportfolioofallofthebank'sdepartments.

SomeOperationsstaffhaveyettobeconvincedofthemeritsofraisingthebank'sresearchprofileorfundingresearchindevelopingcountries.Theybelievethatmoreattentionshouldbepaidtoconventionalinfrastructureneedsinpoorercountieswhich,becauseoflowcreditratings,willhavelittleaccesstoprivatecapital.

Thereactionfromdevelopingcountrieswillbeanimportanttestofthenewstrategy.TherichercountriesofSoutheastAsia,LatinAmerica,NorthAfricaandtheMiddleEastarelikelytobemorereceptivethanpoorercountries,particularlyinsub-SaharanAfrica,wherethebankisnotpopular,andwherealmost50percentofbank-assistedprojectshavefailedduringthisdecade.

1.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtoParagraph1?

2.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat（）.

3.Oneofthechallengesforraisingthebank'sresearchprofileliesin（）.

4.Theword“infrastructure”（Paragraph5）mostprobablyrefersto（）.

5.Thebesttitleofthepassagemaybe“（）”.

问题1选项

A.TheWorldBankusedtoattachimportancetoresearchintheearly1980s.

B.Thebank'sseniorexecutivesareinfavorofCharlesWeiss'spromotion

C.Thebankisnowkeentoestablishanewdepartmentforscience

D.JamesWolfensohnisthinkingaboututilizingthebank’sresearchresources.

问题2选项

A.top-rankedresearcherswereeagertoworkinoperations

B.thenewstrategyhashadasuccessfulresultinsomedevelopedcountries.

C.thelendingwingisreluctanttoconsiderresearchasanindependentactivity

D.sciencehaslongbeenovershadowedbecausethebank’sresearchworkwasnotefficient

问题3选项

A.lackofinvestmentinscience

B.thereactionfromseniorexecutives

C.thelendingwing’snegativeattitude

D.lowcreditratings

问题4选项

A.thebasicfacilities,services,andinstallations

B.theinterrelationorarrangementofpartsinacomplexentity

C.anunderlyingbaseorfoundation

D.somethingconstructed

问题5选项

A.ResearchPortfoliooftheWorldBank

B.ANewStrategyoftheWorldBank

C.TensionBetweenTwowings

D.LendingOperationsinDevelopingCountries

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:判断推理题。A:世界银行在20世纪80年代早期习惯于重视研究。第一段指出：Hebelievesthislatestattempttogetthebankthinkingaboutsciencehasmorechanceofsucceedingthanhisownefforts（他相信，让世界银行思考科学的最新尝试比他自己的努力更有可能成功）。由此可知A项不符合原文所述。B:银行的高级管理人员赞成提拔查尔斯韦斯。此选项中的查尔斯韦斯并未在第一段中提及。C:世界银行现在渴望为科学建立一个新部门。第一段确实提及：thebankisnowkeentopromoteknowledge-baseddevelopment（世界银行现在渴望推动基于知识的发展），但并不能说明C项正确。D:詹姆斯•沃尔芬森正在考虑利用世界银行的研发资源。因此，本题选D。

第2题:判断推理题。A:顶级研究人员渴望在运营部门工作，文章并未提及此项。B:这一新战略在一些发达国家取得了成功。第四段指出:ifthenewstrategyistobearfruit…(如果新的战略要取得成果)，以及最后一段指出：Thereactionfromdevelopingcountrieswillbeanimportanttestofthenewstrategy（来自发展中国家的反应将是对新战略的一个重要测试）。由此可知，新战略还未取得任何成果，因此B项错误。C:放贷部门不情愿将研究当成是一个独立的活动。第三段指出：...whichhasgenerallyconsideredresearchtobeafunctionoflending,ratherthananactivityinitsownrights（（世界银行的放贷部门）认为研究是放贷的一个功能而不是一个独立的活动）。因此C项正确。.D:世界银行的研发工作不够，文章并未提及此项。因此本题选C。

第3题:细节事实题。第五段指出：Theybelievethatmoreattentionshouldbepaidtoconventionalinfrastructureneeds（他们认为应该更多关注传统性的基础设施需要）。因此可知放贷部门对研究持消极态度，这种态度明显对提升银行研究关注度构成了挑战，因此C项正确。

第4题:词义题。“infrastructure”所在句为：Theybelievethatmoreattentionshouldbepaidtoconventionalinfrastructureneedsinpoorercountieswhich,becauseoflowcreditratings,willhavelittleaccesstoprivatecapital（他们认为，应该更多地关注贫困县的传统…需求，因为这些县的信用评级较低，很难获得私人资本）。由此可知，infrastructureneeds是指代“基础设施需求”。故选A项“基本的设施、服务和设备”。

第5题:主旨大意题。全文主要内容是:世界银行正研究投资，后面讲了此研究的原因以及面临的挑战。因此，A项“世界银行的研究投资组合”比较适合做文章标题。

15.单选题

（）hisknowledgeandacademicbackground,heisbasicallystupid.

问题1选项

A.Butfor

B.Accordingto

C.Forall

D.Thanksto

【答案】C

【解析】句意:尽管他有一定的知识和学术背景，但是从根本上来说他还是很笨的。

考查短语辨析。butfor要不是，如果没有；accordingto按照，根据；forall尽管，虽然；thanksto由于，幸亏。根据后半句句意“从根本上来说他还是很笨的”可知前半句表示让步，故选C项。

16.单选题

（）theadvancesofthescience,thediscomfortsofoldagewillnodoubtalwaysbewithus.

问题1选项

A.Asfor

B.Despite

C.Except

D.Besides

【答案】B

【解析】句意:尽管科学在不断发展，老年时期的不安感仍然未被消除。

考查介词辨析。句子前半部分表示:科学在不断发展，后半部分表示:老年时期的不安感仍然未被消除。因此前后部分为让步关系，答案为B项。

17.单选题

Thecomputercanbeprogrammedto（）awholevarietyoftasks.

问题1选项

A.assign

B.tackle

C.realize

D.solve

【答案】B

【解析】句意:计算机可以编程来处理各种各样的任务。

考查动词辨析。assign分配，指定;tackle处理，应对;realize实现，认识到；solve解决，解答。根据题干关键词“编程”以及空格处宾语“各种各样的任务”可知B项符合句意。

18.单选题

NobodycametoseemewhileIwasout,（）?

问题1选项

A.didthey

B.didn’tthey

C.didshe

D.didn'tshe

【答案】C

【解析】考查反义疑问句。由题干可知Nobody为表示否定意义的不定代词，当陈述句的主语是表示否定意义的不定代词（如none,nobody,nothing等）时，反义疑问句的疑问词要用肯定语气did并且用第三人称单数，由此可知C选项正确。句意：当我出去的时候，没有人来看过我，对吗？

19.单选题

Asordinarypeople,scientistsarebynomeansmorehonestor（）thanotherpeople,butasscientist,theyattachspecialvaluetohonestwhiletheyareintheirworkingsphere.

问题1选项

A.aesthetic

B.ethnic

C.esthetic

D.ethical

【答案】D

【解析】句意:作为普通人，科学家绝不会比其他人更诚实、更讲道德，但是，在工作中，他们则更为重视诚实。

考查形容词辨析。aesthetic艺术的，美学的：ethnic种族的;esthetic审美的；ethical伦理的，道德的。Or连接honest（诚实的）和空格，因此空格处应填入与honest相近且并列的词，故选D。

20.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChineseandwriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.

1.Itisexpectedthatmemberswillacceptthesanitarymeasuresofothersasequivalentiftheexportingcountrydemonstratestotheimportingcountrythatitsmeasuresachievetheimportingcountry'sappropriatelevelofhealthprotection.

2.Beinganonymousonthewebalsomakesitpossibleforpeopletodiscusssensitivesubjects,suchasmedicalconditionsandphysicalabuse,withouttheseactionsaffectingtheireverydaylivesinanegativeorpotentiallyharmfulway.

3.Liketiesofkinship,tiesoffriendshiparemeanttobeabsolutelybinding.ButAmericansviewfriendshipmoretentatively,subjecttochangesinintensityaspeoplemoveorchangetheirjobs.

4.Nowthatwehavebegunexploringinearnest,wearegettingglimpsesofhowhugethequestionsare,andhowfarfrombeinganswered.

5.Managementofthecompanypridesitselfonitshistoryofexperimentingwithnewtechnologiesanditssuccessinregularlyintroducinginnovativeproducts.Managersoremployeeswhohaveagoodideaareencouragedto“runwithit".

【答案】1.如果出口国向进口国证明其措施达到了进口国健康保护的适当标准，那么预计成员国将把其他成员国的卫生措施当成对应物来接受。

2.在网上匿名也使人们有可能讨论敏感话题，如医疗条件和身体虐待，而这些行为不会以消极或潜在有害的方式影响他们的日常生活。

3.就像亲情的纽带一样，友谊的纽带是绝对有约束力的。但美国人认为随着人们的搬迁或调换工作而有深浅变化的友谊更具有暂时性。

4.既然我们已经开始认真地探索，那么我们会看到这些问题是多么巨大且距离解答它们有多远。

5.公司管理部门以自己试用新技术的历史和成功地定期推出新产品为傲。有好想法的管理者或雇员被鼓励去“按照自己的好想法去做”。

21.单选题

Somestudiesconfirmedthatthiskindofeyediseasewas（）intropicalcountries.

问题1选项

A.prospective

B.prevalent

C.provocative

D.perpetual

【答案】B

【解析】句意:一些研究证实这种眼病在热带国家是普遍的。

考查形容词辨析。prospective未来的;预期的;prevalent流行的；普遍的；provocative刺激的，挑拨的；气人的；perpetual永久的；不断的。空格处形容词的主语是eyedisease(眼病)，因此B符合句意。

22.单选题

Theapparentpurposeofallowingthegovernmenttoinvestthetrustfundistotakeadvantageofthehigherreturnsfromprivatecapitalmarkets.Thereisstrongevidence,though,thatthegovernment’sinvestmentpolicysubstantiallycouldundercutthereturnsitotherwisemightexpecttoreceive.HighcapitalmarketreturnsintheUSarederivedfromthehighproductivityofcapitalandtheefficiencyofthemarket.InvestmentoftheSocialsecuritytrustfundinprivatecapitalmarketswillhurtbothofthesesourcesofAmericaneconomicperformance;capitalwillbelessproductiveandmarketswillbelessefficient.

A1994studybytheWorldBankofgovernment-managedpensionfundinvestmentsaroundtheworldfoundthattheygenerallyearnedlowerannualreturnsthanprivatelymanagedpensioninvestments.Itshowedthatgovernmentsgenerallypursuedoneoftwopoliciesfortheirinvestments,bothfundamentallyflawed.

Onewastoinvestheavilyingovernmentsecurities,whichcansuchlowerreturnsthan,forexample,stocks.Therearetworeasonsforthispolicy.First,thereisacautionarysearchforsafeinvestmentsbecausegovernmentsfearthepoliticalreactionifamoreaggressiveinvestmentpolicyweretoleadtoadverseresults.Second,buyingupgovernmentdebtallowthegovernmenttodefertheconsequencesofitsownoverspending.Indeed,thereisevidencethatthepowertoshiftgovernmentdebtintopensionfundsactuallymayinducethemtospendandborrowmore.Borrowingfromthepensionfundislesstransparentthandoingsofromtheopencapitalmarket.Inmanycases,suchborrowingisnotevenreportedaspublicdebt,andtheinterestratemaybelower.

ThisalreadyisoccurringwiththeSocialSecuritytrustfund.ThecurrentsurplusisusedtopurchaseFederalTreasuryobligationsthatarecreditedtotheSocialSecuritytrustfund.Thegovernmentthenutilizesthemoneyithasborrowedfromthetrustfundtomeetcurrentoperatingexpenses.

Theotherinvestmentpolicypursuedbygovernment-controlledpensionfundsistoinvestingovernment-supportedprojects,suchasstate-ownedenterprisesorpublichousing.Again,theresultoftenisextremelylowratesofreturn.Infact,suchinvestmentsfrequentlylosemoney.Moreover,governmentinvestmentleadstogreatergovernmentinvolvementintheeconomythatcould,inturn,leadtopoliciesthatsloweconomicgrowthandreducethereturnoncapitalforallinvestors,includingthegovernmentitself.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,governmentinvestmentoftheSocialSecuritytrustfund（）.

2.A1994studybytheWorldBankofgovernment-managedpensionfundinvestments（）.

3.Fromthelastparagraph,weknowthat（）.

4.Whattonedidtheauthoradoptinthispassage?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtruea