2022年考研考博-考博英语-宁夏大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号85

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-宁夏大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Heclaimsthatadvertisingtodaytendstoportraywomenintraditionalrolessuchascookingortakingcareofthebaby.

问题1选项

A.depict

B.advocate

C.criticize

D.analyze

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“描述，描写”；B选项“呼吁，提倡”；C选项“批评”；D选项“分析”；题干中portray“描述，描画”，句意：他声称，如今的广告倾向于塑造女性扮演传统角色，比如做饭或照顾孩子。因此A选项符合题意。

2.单选题

What,canrigid,coldcalculatingmathematicspossiblyhaveincommonwithsubtle,creative,lofty,imaginativeart?Thisquestionfaithfullymirrorsthestateofmindofmostpeople,evenofmosteducatedpeople,whentheyregardthenumbersandsymbolsthatpopulatetheworldofmathematics.Butthegreatleadersofmathematicsthoughthavefrequentlyandrepeatedlyassertedthattheobjectoftheirpursuitisjustasmuchanartasitisascience,andperhapsevenafineart.MaximeBocher,andeminentmathematicianlivingatthebeginningofthiscentury,wrote:“Iliketolookatmathematicsalmostmoreasanartthanasascience;fortheactivityofthemathematician,constantlycreatingasheis,guidedalthoughnotcontrolledbytheexternalworldofthesenses,bearsaresemblance,notfanciful,Ibelieve,butreal,totheactivitiesoftheartist—ofapainter,letussay.Rigorousdeductivereasoningonthepartofthemathematicianmaybelikenedheretothetechnicalskillindrawingonthepartofthepainter.Justasonecannotbecomeapainterwithoutacertainamountofskill,sonoonecanbecomeamathematicianwithoutthepowertoreasonaccuratelyuptoacertainpoint.”Yetthesequalities,fundamentalthoughtheyare,donotmakeapainteroramathematicianworthyofthename,norindeedaretheythemostimportantfactorsinthecase.Otherqualitiesofafarmoresubtlesort,chiefamongwhichinbothcasesisimagination,gointothemakingofagoodartistoragoodmathematician.

Ifmathematicswantstolayclaimtobeinganart,however,itmostshowthatitpossessesandmakesuseofatleastsomeoftheelementsthatgotomakeupthethingsofbeauty.Isnotimagination,creativeimagination,themostessentialelementsofanart?Letustakeageometricobject,suchasthecircle.Totheordinaryman,thisistherimofawheel,perhapswithspokesinit.Elementarygeometryhascrowdedthissimplefigurewithradii,chords,sectors,tangents,diameters,inscribedandcircumscribedpolygons,andsoon.

Hereyouhavealreadyanentiregeometricalworldcreatedfromaveryrudimentarybeginning.Theseandothermiraclesareundeniableproofofthecreativepowerofthemathematician;and,asifthiswerenotenough,themathematicianallowsthewholecircleto“vanish”,declaresittobeimaginary,thenkeepsontoyingwithhisnewcreationinmuchthesamewayandwithmuchthesamegustoashedidwiththeinnocentlittlethingyouallowedhimtostartoutwith.Andallthis,rememberplease,isjustelementaryplanegeometry.Truly,thecreativeimaginationdisplayedbythemathematicianhasnowherebeenexceeded,notevenparalleled,and,Iwouldmakeboldtosay,nowevencloselyapproachedanywhereelse,nmanywaysmathematicsexhibitsthesameelementsofbeautythataregenerallyacknowledgedtobetheessenceofpoetry.Firstletusconsideraminorpoint:thepoetarrangeshiswritingsonthepageinverses.Hispoemfirstappealstotheeyebeforeitreachestheearorthemind;andsimilarly,themathematicianlinesuphisformulasandequationssothattheirformmaymakeanaestheticimpression.Somemathematiciansaregiventothisloveofarrangingandexhibitingtheirequationstoadegreethatbordersonafault.Trigonometry,abranchofelementarymathematicsparticularlyrichinformulas,offerssomecuriousgroupsofthem,curiousintheirsymmetryandtheirarrangement.

Thesuperiorityofpoetryoverotherformsofverbalexpressionliesfirstinthesymbolismusedinpoetry,andsecondlyinitsextremecondensationandeconomyofwords.Takeapoemofuniversallyacknowledgedmerit,say,Shelley’spoem“ToNight”.Hereisthesecondstanza:Wrapthyforminamantlegray,star-inwrought!BlindwiththinehairtheeyesofDay;Kissheruntilshebeweariedout;Thenwandero’ercity,andsea,andland.Touchingallwiththineopiatewand—Come,long-sought!

Takenliterally,allthisis,ofcourse,sheernonsenseandnothingelse.Nighthasnohair,nightdoesnotwearanyclothes,andnightisnotanillicitpeddlerofnarcotics.Butisthereanybodybalmyenoughtotakethewordsofthepoetliterally?Thewordshereareonlycomparisons,onlysymbols.Forthesakeofcondensationthepoetdoesn’tbotherstatingthathissymbolsmeansuchandsuch,butgoesontotreatthemasiftheywererealities.

Themathematiciandoesthesethingspreciselyasthepoetdoes.Takenumbersforexample,theveryideaofwhichisanabstraction,orsymbol.Whenyouwritethefigure3,youhavecreatedasymbolforasymbol,andwhenyousayinalgebrathatisanumber,youhavecondensedallthesymbolsforallthenumbersintooneall-embracingsymbol.These,likeothermathematicalsymbols,andlikethepoetssymbols,areacondensed,concentratedwayofstatingalongandrathercomplicatedchainofsimplegeometrical,algebraic,ornumericalrelations.Now,ismathematicsanart?

1.Thesimilaritybetweentheactivitiesofmathematiciansandthoseofartistsis（）.

2.InMaximeBocher’sopinion,whatisthefundamentalelementthatmakesagoodartistormathematician?

3.Inwhatwaydomathematiciansexhibitthesameelementsofbeautyaspoet?

4.Poetryissuperiortootherformsofexpressionforits（）.

5.Justlikepoets,mathematiciansmay（）.

问题1选项

A.botharecontrolledbytheexternalworld

B.bothrememberthesensesoftheworld

C.botharenotfancifulbutreal

D.bothinvolveconstantcreating

问题2选项

A.Numericalskills.

B.Imagination.

C.Creation.

D.Senseofbeauty.

问题3选项

A.Mathematicianswouldliketosparenoefforttomaketheirproofselegant.

B.Mathematicianslovetoarrangetheirformulasandequationssothattheytakeabeautifulform.

C.Mathematiciansseldomarrangetheirformulasandequationsinsymmetry.

D.Mathematiciansliketoarrangetheirformulasinverses.

问题4选项

A.unusualdiction

B.imaginativeexpression

C.symbolism,condensationandeconomyofwords

D.condensationandimaginativediction

问题5选项

A.usesymbolsforthesakeofcondensationandconcentration

B.usesymbolsforthesakeofcomparison

C.usepoemsasakindofsymbols

D.usenumberstosignifybeauty

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段fortheactivityofthemathematician,constantlycreatingasheis,guidedalthoughnotcontrolledbytheexternalworldofthesenses,bearsaresemblance,notfanciful,Ibelieve,butreal,totheactivitiesoftheartist—ofapainter,letussay.（因为数学家的活动，不断地创造，尽管不受感官的外部世界的控制，但与艺术家的活动，比如说画家的活动，有着相似之处，我相信不是空想，而是真实的。）因此D选项“两者都涉及不断创造”正确。A选项“两者都受外部世界的控制”；B选项“两者都记得世界的感觉”；C选项“两者都不是幻想，而是真实的”，这三项都是文章中未体现的。

2.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段最后一句Otherqualitiesofafarmoresubtlesort,chiefamongwhichinbothcasesisimagination,gointothemakingofagoodartistoragoodmathematician.（一个好的艺术家或好的数学家还具有其他更微妙的品质，其中最主要的是想象力。）因此B选项“想象力”正确。A选项“数值技巧”；C选项“创造”；D选项“审美”都不是文章所说明的。

3.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第三段Hispoemfirstappealstotheeyebeforeitreachestheearorthemind;andsimilarly,themathematicianlinesuphisformulasandequationssothattheirformmaymakeanaestheticimpression.（他的诗在到达耳朵或心灵之前首先吸引了人们的目光；同样地，数学家把他的公式和方程式排列起来，以便它们的形式能给人留下美感。）因此B选项“数学家们喜欢把他们的公式和方程式排列得很漂亮”正确。A选项“数学家们愿意不遗余力地使他们的证明优雅”；C选项“数学家很少用对称的方式排列他们的公式和方程”；D选项“数学家喜欢用诗句来排列他们的公式”，都不是文章中给出的信息。

4.事实细节题。根据题干信息位到倒数第三段Thesuperiorityofpoetryoverotherformsofverbalexpressionliesfirstinthesymbolismusedinpoetry,andsecondlyinitsextremecondensationandeconomyofwords.（诗歌相对于其他语言表达形式的优越性首先在于诗歌中使用的象征手法，其次在于其词的极端浓缩和简洁。）因此C选项“词语的象征、浓缩和简洁”正确。A选项“不寻常的措辞”；B选项“富有想象力的表达”；D选项“缩合和想象的措辞”，不符合文意。

5.事实细节题。根据题干信息定位到最后一段These,likeothermathematicalsymbols,andlikethepoetssymbols,areacondensed,concentratedwayofstatingalongandrathercomplicatedchainofsimplegeometrical,algebraic,ornumericalrelations.（这些符号，像其他的数学符号，也像诗人的符号一样，是一种浓缩的方式，用来表述由简单的几何、代数或数字关系构成的长而复杂的链条。）因此A选项“使用符号是为了浓缩和集中”正确。B选项“使用符号是为了比较”，不正确；C选项“把诗歌作为一种象征”不符合文章；D选项“用数字来表示美”，文章是说将数字变成符号，而不是表示美。

3.单选题

Thereissupposedtobeasafety（）whichmakesitimpossiblefortrainstocollide.

问题1选项

A.appliance

B.accessory

C.machine

D.mechanism

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项appliance“器具，器械”；B选项accessory“配件，附件”；C选项machine“机器”；D选项mechanism“机制，原理，途径”。句意：应该有一种安全_____使火车不可能相撞。这里考查固定搭配safetymechanism“安全机制”，因此D选项符合题意。

4.单选题

Climateandweatheraffectevery（）ofourlives.

问题1选项

A.factor

B.respect

C.aspect

D.part

【答案】C

【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项factor“因素；要素”；B选项respect“尊重；方面”，C选项aspect“方面；方向”，D选项part“部分；角色”；原句：气候和天气会影响我们生活的方方面面，固定搭配只能用aspect表示，因此C选项符合题意。

5.单选题

Onthecoasttheweatheris（）withdayafterdayofhotsunshine,inthemountainshowevertheaircoolsquicklyanduntiltheendofJuneyoucanstillfindsnowonthemountaintops.

问题1选项

A.funny

B.interesting

C.romantic

D.fantastic

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项funny“有趣的”，B选项interesting“令人感兴趣的”，C选项romantic“浪漫的”，D选项fantastic“极好的；极出色的”；句中搭配修饰天气，因此应该是“很好的天气”，因此D选项符合题意。句意为：海岸的天气非常好，每天都有炎热的阳光，但是在山上，空气很快就变凉了，直到六月底，山顶上仍然可以看到雪。

6.翻译题

面对多变的经济形势，我们主张要大力推动开放创新。国际金融危机爆发7年来的实践证明，唯有同舟共济，才能渡过难关。在相互依存的世界里，各国有权根据自己的国情制定经济政策，但是也应加强同其他国家的宏观政策协调，扩大利益汇合点，实现共同发展。欧洲有谚语讲：“面对变革之风，有人砌围墙，有人转风车。”我们倡导顺势而为，坚定不移推进自由贸易，旗帜鲜明反对保护主义，积极扩大区域经济合作，打造全球价值链，迎接新科技革命的到来。宏观政策固然重要，但结构性改革势在必行，这是国际社会的共识。尽管难度很大，但也应该坚持去做，这样才能形成全球创新合力，增强世界发展的新动能。

【答案】Inaworldfacingvolatileeconomicsituation,weshouldallworktopromoteopening-upandinnovation.Whathashappenedsincetheoutbreakoftheinternationalfinancialcrisissevenyearsagoprovesthattoworkinunityisthesurestwayforcountriestogetoverthedifficulties.Weareallinterdependentinthisworld.Whileweeachhavetherighttoadopteconomicpoliciesinlinewithnationalconditions,weneedtostrengthenmacro-policycoordinationtoexpandtheconvergenceofinterestsandachievecommondevelopment.AnEuropeanproverbsays,“whenthewindofchangeblows,somebuildwalls,whileothersbuildwindmills.”Weneedtoactalongthetrendofourtime,firmlyadvancefreetrade,resolutelyrejectprotectionism,andactivelyexpandregionaleconomiccooperation.Weneedtobuildglobalvaluechains,andseizetheopportunityofanewtechnologicalrevolution.Whiletheinternationalcommunityagreeontheimportanceofmacro-policiestotheeconomy,theyalsorecognizetheurgencytogoaheadwithstructuralreform.Structuralreformmustbecarriedthroughnomatterhowdifficultitis,asitisaneffectivewaytofosterconditionsconducivetoglobalinnovationandbringaboutnewmomentumforglobaldevelopment.

7.单选题

Sheisthemost（）secretaryI’veeverhad.

问题1选项

A.efficient

B.effective

C.industrial

D.practiced

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项efficient“有效率的；有能力的；生效的”，B选项effective“有效的，起作用的；实际的”，C选项industrial“工业的，产业的”，D选项practiced“熟练的；有经验的；老练的”；然后看到题干：她是为我效力过的最（）的秘书。可以看出只有A带进去最符合，她应该是效率高，能力高的秘书，因此A选项符合题意。

8.单选题

Theneighborsdonotconsiderhimquite（）asmosteveningsheawakensthemwithhisdrunkensinging.

问题1选项

A.respected

B.respective

C.respectful

D.respectable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项respected“受尊敬的”；B选项respective“分别的，各自的”；C选项respectful“恭敬的，有礼貌的”；D选项respectable“值得尊敬的，人格高尚的，相当数量的”。句意：邻居们认为他不（），因为大多数晚上他都会用醉醺醺的歌声把他们吵醒。这里表达的句意是“他不值得尊敬”，因此D选项符合题意。

9.单选题

ForonebriefmomentinApril,LarryEllisoncamewithinafewdollarsofbeingtherichestmanintheworld.ThecomputertycoonwasholdingaglobalconferencecallonaWednesdaymorning,whenthevalueofhiscompanysurged.

ItwasthemomenthealmostovertookBillGates,founderofMicrosoft,asthewealthiestontheplanet.Forafewseconds,asshareoftradersmarkedMicrosoftdownandOracleup,EllisoncamewithinUS$200,000ofGates.Theself-proclaimed“badboy”ofSiliconValleyfoundhimselfworthmorethanUS$52billion,upfromamereUS$10billionthistimelastyear.ThenMicrosoft’sshareprice,whichhadplungedinrecentweeks,recoveredandthemomentpassed.

Once,Ellison,founderofthesoftwarecompanyOracle,wouldhavedancedaroundhisdeskcursinglikeapirateatfailingtobringdownGates,arivalhehadconstantlymadefunofinpublic.ButSiliconValleyinsiderssaidheremainedcalm,andmuttered:“Oneday,onedayvery,verysoon.”Heknewhismomentwasclose.UnlikeGates,heisnotbigoncharity,preferringtospendhismoneyinhisway.Hehashisownprivateairforce,amilitary-stylecrewbasedatSanJoseairportnearRedwoodCity,tohelphimflyhisGulfstreamVjet(withtwomarbledbathrooms),aMarchettifighterplaneimportedfromItaly,andahandfulofotheraircraft,includingatrainerforhisson.HealsoplanstoimportaRussianMig-29fighter(capableof1,500mph).Whydoeshewantone?Sothat,hejoked,hecanblastGateshomenearSeattle.Carsarecheapandcheerfulbycomparison.Hehasarelatively-modestPorscheBoxster,twospeciallyalteredMercedesandaUS$900,000silverMcLaren.InSanFranciscoheownsamagnificenthouseinPacificHeights,oneofWesternAmerica’smostexpensivestretchesofrealestate.Thehouseisatechnicalmarvel:Whenheinsertshiskey,theopaqueglassdoorturnstransparent,revealingaJapanesegardeninthemiddleofthehouse.Forreasonsheknowsbest,EllisonisobsessedwithJapaneseculture.

WhileGatescomesfromastrongfamily,Ellisonstilldoesnotknowwhohisfatherwas.HewasborntoanunmarriedmotherandadoptedbyhisRussianuncleandaunt.Abrilliantbutunpredictableself-promoter,hedroppedoutofcollege,drovetoCaliforniainabatteredThunderbirdcarandendedupworkingwithcomputertechniciansatabank.“Healwayshadachampagnelifestyleonbeermoney,”hisfirstwifesaid.

HesetupOraclein1977asasuper-salesmanwith3programmers,creatingsoftwareforbusinesses.Italmostcollapsedwhenitpromisedmorethanitcoulddeliver,butsincethenitsfortuneshavesoared.Nowitemploys43,000peopleandhasdesigneddata-processingsystemsusedbyBritain’sMl5spyserviceaswellasbigwesterncompanies.Oracle’ssoftwareismoreInternet-friendlythanGatesWindowonefactorbehindthecompany’srecentsharepricerise.

Sincehiscompanygotbig,Ellisonhaspromisedshareholdersthathewillspendmoretimeintheoffice.Butcanheescapebeingthethrill-seekerheisatheart?Assummerapproaches,hemayfindithardtoresistthelureofhisyachts,Sakura,oneofthelongestintheworld,andSayonara(Japanesefor“seeyoulater”),whichheracesfuriously.Itisdangeroussport,evenforguests.MediatycoonRupertMurdochoncenearlylostafingerwhenhegrabbedaropeduringaraceonboardthesayonara.Ellisonjokedatleasthecouldstillwrotechecks.

Regardlessofdistractions,EllisonwillnotgiveupinhisbattleagainstGates.Hehatestolose.Ellisondeclaresthatanysuchdominancebyoneman,likeMicrosoftincomputerindustry,isunhealthy.Hehasobviouslyforgottenhisownplanforaglobalempire,whichhewantedtocalltheUniversalTitanicOctopusCorporation.

1.Inthestockmarket,（）.

2.UnlikeBillGates,Ellison（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTEllison’sbelongings?

4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutEllison?

5.Oracle’sadvantageisthat（）.

问题1选项

A.EllisonisasrichasBillGates

B.EllisonhasUS$200,000lessthanBillGates

C.Ellisonisricherthanbill

D.OraclehasmoremoneythanMicrosoft

问题2选项

A.comesfromastrongfamily

B.hasapoorfather

C.doesnotspendmuchoncharity

D.wasborninCalifornia

问题3选项

A.AGulfstreamVjet.

B.AMarchettifighter.

C.APorscheBoxster.

D.ARussianMig-29fighter.

问题4选项

A.Ellisonlacksthecharacteristicsofcalmness.

B.EllisondislikeJapaneseculture.

C.Ellisoniskeenonyachting.

D.Ellison’sbusinesshasgonesmoothlysincethebeginning.

问题5选项

A.itssharepriceisprettyhigh

B.ithasmoreemployeesthanMicrosoft

C.itsthebiggestwesterncompany

D.itssoftwareismoreinternet-friendlythanMicrosoft

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据题干信息定位到第二段Forafewseconds,asshareoftradersmarkedMicrosoftdownandOracleup,EllisoncamewithinUS$200,000ofGates.（有那么几秒钟，当交易员们认为微软股价下跌、甲骨文股价上涨时，埃里森的股价只比盖茨便宜20万美元。）因此B选项“埃里森比比尔•盖茨身价少20万美元”正确。A选项“埃里森和比尔•盖茨一样富有”不正确，文章讨论的是他们的身价，而不是谁更有钱。C选项“埃里森比比尔•盖茨更富有”，不正确，文章没有给出这个信息；D选项“甲骨文比微软有更多的钱”，根据埃里森的身价没有比尔盖茨高可以推断甲骨文（埃里森的公司）应该是没有微软更有钱的。

2.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段UnlikeGates,heisnotbigoncharity,preferringtospendhismoneyinhisway.（与盖茨不同的是，他不热衷于慈善事业，更喜欢按自己的方式花钱。）因此C选项“在慈善事业上花的钱不多”正确。A选项“来自一个强大的家庭”在后文WhileGatescomesfromastrongfamily,Ellisonstilldoesnotknowwhohisfatherwas.（虽然盖茨来自一个强大的家庭，但埃里森仍然不知道他的父亲是谁。）A选项不正确；B选项“有一个贫穷的父亲”，他甚至都不知道自己的父亲是谁，不正确；D选项“出生在加利福尼亚”，后文说他自己驾车去了加利福尼亚，所以可以判断他不是在这里出生的，错误。

3.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段Hehashisownprivateairforce,amilitary-stylecrewbasedatSanJoseairportnearRedwoodCity,tohelphimflyhisGulfstreamVjet(withtwomarbledbathrooms).（他有自己的私人空军，一个驻扎在雷德伍德城附近的圣何塞机场的军事风格的机组人员，帮助他驾驶湾流V型喷气式飞机。）因此A选项是他的所有物；同样在第三段aMarchettifighterplaneimportedfromItaly,andahandfulofotheraircraft,includingatrainerforhisson.（一架从意大利进口的马尔切蒂战斗机，以及其他几架飞机，包括给他儿子的一名教练员。）因此B选项也是他的所有物；在第三段Hehasarelatively-modestPorscheBoxster,twospeciallyalteredMercedesandaUS$900,000silverMcLaren.（他有一辆相对普通的保时捷Boxster，两辆经过特别改装的奔驰和一辆价值90万美元的银色迈凯轮。）因此C选项也是他的所有物；只有D选项是原文没有提到的，因此D选项正确。

4.判断推理题。根据题干和选项关键词定位到第六段Assummerapproaches,hemayfindithardtoresistthelureofhisyachts,Sakura,oneofthelongestintheworld,andSayonara(Japanesefor“seeyoulater”),whichheracesfuriously.（随着夏天的临近，他可能会发现很难抗拒他的游艇——世界上最长的游艇之一“Sakura”和他疯狂的“Sayonara”(日语“再见”)的诱惑。）可以推断出Ellison本人是热衷于游艇运动的，因此C选项“埃里森热衷于游艇运动”正确。A选项“埃里森缺乏冷静的特质”，文章并没有给出明确表示；B选项“埃里森不喜欢日本文化”，在第三段的最后一句话Forreasonsheknowsbest,EllisonisobsessedwithJapaneseculture.（出于对日本文化最了解的原因，埃里森痴迷于日本文化。），因此B选项错误；D选项“埃里森的业务从一开始就进展顺利”，一开始的时候他的公司几近崩溃，是后来挺过来了才蒸蒸日上，因此D选项错误。

5.判断推理题。根据题干信息定位到第五段的最后一句话Oracle’ssoftwareismoreInternet-friendlythanGatesWindowonefactorbehindthecompany’srecentsharepricerise.（甲骨文的软件在互联网上比盖茨的Windows系统更友好，这是该公司最近股价上涨的一个原因。）由此可知，D选项“它的软件比微软在互联网上更友好”正确。A选项“它的股价相当高”原文没有提到；B选项“他比微软有更多的员工”，文章没有说这个是优势；C选项“它是最大的西方公司”，这个是文章没有说到的。

10.单选题

Inthesummerof1978anEnglishfarmernamedIanStevenswasdrivinghistractorthroughafieldofwheatwhenhediscoveredsomethingstrange.Someofhiswheatwaslyingflatontheground.Theflattened（被压平的）wheatformedacircleaboutsixmetersacross.Aroundthiscirclewerefoursmallercirclesofflattenedwheat.Inthefollowingyearsmoreandmoresimilarcircleswerefoundinafieldofwheatorcorn.Sopeoplecannothelpbutaskthequestion:Whatcausesthecircles?

Atfirstpeoplesuspectedthatthecircleswereatrick.Toprovethatthecircleswereatrick,peopletriedtocopythem:theytriedtomakecirclesexactlyliketheonesthefarmershadfound.Theycouldn’tdoit.Theycouldn’tenterafieldofgrainwithoutleavingtracks,andtheycouldn’tflattenthegrainwithoutbreakingit.Thecirclesareapparentlynotatrick.

Manypeoplebelievethatbeingsfromouterspacearemakingthecircles.Somethinkthatthebeingsaretryingtocommunicatewithusfromfarawayandthatthecirclesaremessagesfromthem.Othersbelievethatthebeingshaveactuallylandedonearthandthatthecirclesaremarksleftbytheirspaceships.Severaltimespeoplereportedseeingstrangeflyingobjectsnearfieldswherecircleslaterappeared.

Scientistssaythey’renotsurewhatcausesthem.Theyhavesuggestedseveraltheories.Forexample,somescientistssaythat“microburst’s”ofwindcreatedthecircles.Amicroburstisadownwardrushofcoolair—thesamedownwardrushofairthatsometimescausesanairplanetocrash.Othersscientistssaythatforceswithintheearthcausethecirclestoappear.Butcirclesoftenappearinforms.Itishardtobelievethatanynaturalforcecouldcreatethoseforms.Andrecentlyfarmershavediscoverednotonlycirclesbutalsoothershapessuchastrianglesintheirfields.Couldanynaturalforcecreatedaperfecttriangleinafieldofgrain?

Inthesummerof1990somescientistsspentthreeweeksinthepartofEnglandwheremanycircleshaveappeared.Theyhadallthelatesthigh-techequipment.Thisequipment—worth1.8milliondollars—recordednothing.Butonenight,asthescientistswerewatchingafield,circlesformedinthefieldbehindthem.Thesecirclesareshowninthephotograph.Thescientistshadneitherseennorheardanything.

1.Whatcausesthecircles?

2.Thethingthatprovesthatthecircleswerenotatrickisthat（）.

3.Thecirclesmean（）.

4.Theonlythingforthescientiststobehappyaboutinthesummerof1990ispossibly（）.

5.Apropertitleforthispassageis（）.

问题1选项

A.Teenagers

B.Farmers

C.Flyingobjects.

D.Noneoftheabove.

问题2选项

A.twomensaidtheymadethecirclesthemselves

B.farmersweremakingthecirclestoattracttourists

C.peoplecannotcopythecircleswithoutleavingmarksorbreakingthegrain

D.scientistssuggesttheoriesthatsupporttheideathatcirclesweremadebynaturalforces

问题3选项

A.thatbeingsfromouterspacearetryingtocommunicatewithhumanbeings

B.thatbeingsfromouterspacehavevisitedtheearth

C.thattheredoexiststrangeflyingobjects

D.noneoftheabove

问题4选项

A.thattheydiscoveredhowthecirclesweremade

B.thattheysawthecircleswiththehelpofthelatesthigh-techequipment

C.theywereabletoshowthecirclesinaphotograph

D.noneoftheabove

问题5选项

A.AnUnsolvedMystery

B.StrangeFlyingObjects

C.ThePowerofNaturalForces

D.TheDiscoveryofStrangeCircles

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。题干问：什么东西导致了这些圈圈？我们定位到倒数第二段的第一句话Scientistssaythey’renotsurewhatcausesthem.（科学家表示，他们不确定是什么导致了这种情况。）从这句话我们可以得出，科学家们目前也并不知道是什么导致了这些怪圈，其他的都只是猜测，因此答案为D“以上都不对”；A选项“青少年”，B选项“农民”，C选项“飞行物”，这些都是人们的猜测。

2.事实细节题。题干问：是什么证实了这些圈圈并不是一个恶作剧？根据第二段第一句话Atfirst,peoplesuspectedthatthecircleswereatrick.Toprovethatthecircleswereatrickpeopletriedtocopythem，（起初，人们怀疑这些圆圈是骗人的。为了证明这些圆圈是骗人的，人们试图模仿它们）我们可以得出答案是C选项“人们不能复制圆圈而不留下痕迹或打破纹理”。A选项“两个男人说是他们制造了这个圈”，B选项“农民们做了这个圈去吸引游客”，D选项“科学家认为理论支持这些圈是由自然力量完成的”。

3.事实细节题。A选项“这些圆圈意味着来自外太空的生物正试图与人类交流”，B选项“这些圆圈意味着来自外太空的生物已经访问过地球”，C选项“这些圆圈意味着确实存在奇怪的飞行物”，D选项“以上都不对”；题干问：这些圈圈意味着什么。根据题干我们可以定位到第二段，第二段说了Manypeoplebelievethatbeingsfromouterspacearemakingthecircles.Somethinkthatthebeingsaretryingtocommunicatewithusfromfarawayandthatthecirclesaremessagesfromthem.Othersbelievethatthebeingshaveactuallylandedonearthandthatthecirclesaremarkleftbytheirspaceships.（许多人相信是外太空的生物制造了这些圆圈。一些人认为外太空的生物试图与我们交流，而这些圆圈是他们的信息。其他人相信存在实际上已经登陆地球的生物和圆圈是他们的宇宙飞船留下的印记。）但是这些都是人们的推测，目前科学家并没有给出明确的结论，因此A、B、C都不对，答案为D。

4.判断推理题。题干问：科学家们在1990年夏天唯一感到高兴的事情可能是？C选项“他们能够在照片上显示圆圈”，根据题干我们定位到倒数第一段的倒数第二句话：Thesecirclesareshowninthephotograph.（这些圆圈如照片所示。）可以得出，他们开心的事是C选项“他们能够在照片上显示圆圈”。A选项“他们发现了这些圆圈是如何形成的”，B选项“他们借助最新的高科技设备看到了这些圆圈”，D选项“以上都不对”。

5.文章标题题。题干让我们给文章找一个合适的标题。A选项“一个未解之谜”，B选项“奇怪的飞行物”，C选项“自然的力量”，D“奇怪的圈圈的发现”，根据全文我们知道，这个怪圈的谜底我们到目前都没有解开，因此它是一个未解之谜，D选项过于浅显，不能总结全文的含义，因此答案为A。

11.翻译题

现在西方国家的有志之士都认识到，不同文明之间应学会共存，而不应因文化上的不同而走向冲突以致战争。他们认为，不同民族和国家可以通过文化交往与对话取得某种“共识”，也即有一个从“不同”到某种意义上相互“认同”的过程。这种相互“认同”是在两种不同文化中寻找交汇点，并在此基础上推动双方文化的发展，这正是“和”在不同文化中所起的作用。

【答案】AspirantsinWesterncountrieshaverealizedthatpeacefulcoexistenceamongallcivilizationsshouldbeupheld,whileconflictsorevenwarscausedbyculturaldiversitiesshouldbeavoided.Theythinkdifferentnationsandcountriescanreachanagreementbyculturalcommunicationandinteraction,whichrepresentsaprocessfrom“difference”to“agreement”.Reachinganagreementistheprocessofsearchingforthecommonpointindifferentcultureanditisthecoexistencethatpromotesthedevelopmentofdifferentculture.

12.单选题

Theintelligencedepartmentwasaccused,offailureto（）thetroopstothepossibilityofanenemyattackduringtheweekend.

问题1选项

A.instruct

B.warn

C.dictate

D.alert

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项instruct“指导，通知”；B选项warn“警告（偏向于告诫）”；C选项dictate“命令，口述”；D选项alert“使警觉，警告（更加正式）”。句意：情报部门被指控未能在周末向部队（）敌人可能发动袭击的情况。本句的句意是要表达“情报部门没有及时通报让部队警觉”，因此D选项符合题意。

13.单选题

Tohelpstudentsunderstandhowwesee,teachersoftendrawan（）betweenaneyeandacamera.

问题1选项

A.image

B.analogy

C.imitation

D.axis

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项image“影像，想象，肖像”；B选项analogy“类比，类推，类似”；C选项imitation“模仿，仿造，仿制品”；D选项axis“轴，轴线，轴心国”。句意：为了帮助学生理解我们是如何看东西的，老师经常把眼睛和照相机作_____。这里表达的是“作类比”，因此B选项符合题意。

14.单选题

Themilitaryoperation（）yesterdayweretargetedatthemilitaryinstallations.

问题1选项

A.propelled

B.commenced

C.plagued

D.modulated

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项propelled“推动，驱使”；B选项commenced“开始”；C选项plagued“困扰，折磨”；D选项modulated“调接，调动”。句意：昨天_____的军事行动是针对军事设施的。这里表达的意思是“昨天开始执行的军事行动”，因此B选项符合题意。

15.翻译题

Americanpsychologistsholdthatthereareseveralcomponentstohavinghigh“emotionalintelligence.”Firstisself-awareness,becauseyoucanonlybeincontrolofyourlifeandyourrelationshipsifyouknowyourself.Secondisbeingabletoproperlymanageyouremotions,soyoucancontrolyourfeelingsratherthanlettingthemcontrolyou.Thirdisbeingself-motivated,andbeingabletogetthroughtoughtimesandstartover.Thefourthisbeingreceptivetootherpeople’semotions,whichiscrucialforeffectivecommunicationandhealthyrelationships.Thefifthisbeingabletomanageyourelationships,whichincludesleadershipandprofessionalmanagementskills.

【答案】美国心理学家认为，情商包括以下几个方面的内容：一是认识自己的情绪，只有认识自己，才能成为自己生活的主宰。二是能妥善管理自己的情绪，即能调控自己。三是自我激励，它能够使人走出生命中的低潮，重新出发。四是认识他人的情绪，这是与他人正常交流顺利沟通的基础。五是人际关系的管理，即领导和管理能力。

16.单选题

Thelong-termfortunesofthemoderneconomydependinpartonthestrengthandsustainabilityofthefamily,bothinrelationtofertilitytrendsandtomarriagetrends.Thisbasic,butoftenoverlooked,principleisnowatworkinthecurrentglobaleconomiccrisis.

Thedeclineofmarriageandfertilityisonefactorintheglobaleconomiccrisis.Thatis,onereasonthatsomeofthe,world’sleadingeconomies—fromJapantoItalytoSpaintotheEurozoneasawhole—arefacingfiscalchallengesisthattheirfertilityrateshavebeenbelowreplacementlevels(2.1childrenperwoman)fordecades.Persistentsub-replacementfertilityeventuallytranslatesintofewerworkersrelativetoretirees,whichputstremendousstrainsonpublicoffersandtheeconomyasawhole.Indeed,onerecentstudyfindsthatalmosthalftherecent