2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南林业大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号3

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南林业大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Thesultryweatherinthetropicsencouragesalifeof______.

问题1选项

A.leisure

B.comfort

C.industry

D.indolence

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项leisure“空闲”；B选项comfort“安慰，舒适”；C选项industry“产业，工业”；D选项indolence“懒散，懒惰”。句意：天气闷热的热带地区鼓励……生活。根据句意，可以推测天气闷热，会鼓励一种懒散生活。因此D选项正确。

2.单选题

Weknowthatchronicpaincandisruptaperson’slife,causingproblemsthatrangefrommissedworktodepression.

问题1选项

A.short-term

B.acute

C.bitter

D.long-lasting 

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项short-term“短期的”；B选项acute“严重的，[医]急性的；敏锐的；激烈的；尖声的”；C选项bitter“苦的；痛苦的；尖刻的；充满仇恨的”；D选项long-lasting“持久的；长期的，持续时间长的”。句意：我们知道，慢性疼痛会扰乱一个人的生活，导致从旷工到抑郁等一系列问题。结合此处关键词chronic“慢性的；长期的；习惯性的”，得知D选项正确。

3.单选题

Thesubjectofsafetymustbeplacedatthetopofthe___.

问题1选项

A.agenda

B.bulletin

C.routine

D.timetable

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项agenda“议程；日常工作事项；日程表”；B选项bulletin“公告，公报”；C选项routine“常规，惯例；生活乏味；（演出中的）一套动作；（计算机）例行程序”；D选项timetable“时间表；时刻表；课程表”。句意：安全问题必须放在议程的首位。结合此处语境，A选项正确。

4.单选题

Scientificandtechnologicaladvancesareenablingustocomprehendthefurthestreachesofthecosmos,themostbasic______ofmatter,andthemiraclesoflife.

问题1选项

A.bacteria

B.constituents

C.erosion

D.contexts

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项bacteria“细菌”；B选项constituents“成分”；C选项erosion“侵蚀，腐蚀”；D选项contexts“环境，上下文”。句意：科学和技术的进步使我们能够了解宇宙的边陲、物质最基本的……和生命的奇迹。根据matter（物质）可推测与其搭配的是constituents。结合句意，A选项及C选项都可排除。D选项contexts（环境）也不能与matter（物质）搭配，因此B选项为正确答案。

5.单选题

Thecompanymakesaperiodicalreviewofexpenditureeverymonth.

问题1选项

A.regular

B.immediate

C.prevalent

D.temporary

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项regular“定期的；有规律的；合格的；整齐的；普通的”；B选项immediate“立即的；直接的；最接近的”；C选项prevalent“流行的；普遍的，广传的”；D选项temporary“暂时的，临时的”。句意：公司每月定期检查支出情况。结合此处关键词periodical“[数]周期的；定期的”，得知A选项正确。

6.翻译题

Motherlanguages,alongwithlinguisticdiversity,matterfortheidentityofindividuals.Assourcesofcreativityandvehiclesforculturalexpression,theyarealsoimportantforthehealthofsocieties.Notleast,languagesarefactorsfordevelopmentandgrowth.Weknowhowimportanteducationinthemotherlanguageisforlearningoutcomes.Motherlanguageinstructionisapowerfulwaytofightdiscriminationandreachouttomarginalizedpopulation.Aswellspringsofknowledge,languagesarealsostartingpointsforgreatersustainabilityindevelopment,formanagingmoreharmoniouslyourrelationshipwiththeenvironmentandchange.

【答案】母语，以及语言多样性，对个体的身份认同至关重要。作为创造力的来源和文化表达的工具，它们对社会的健康也很重要。重要的是，语言是发展和增长的因素。我们知道母语教育对学习成果的重要性。母语教学是消除歧视和接触边缘人口的有力途径。语言作为知识的源泉，也是提高发展可持续性、更和谐地管理我们与环境和变革的关系的起点。

7.单选题

Wemustlivewiththeknowledgethatalllivingcreaturesare___.

问题1选项

A.moral

B.fierce

C.fatal

D.mortal

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项moral“道德的；精神上的；品性端正的”；B选项fierce“凶猛的；猛烈的；暴躁的”；C选项fatal“致命的；重大的；毁灭性的；命中注定的”；D选项mortal“凡人的；致死的；终有一死的；不共戴天的”。句意：我们必须认识到，所有生物都是终有一死的。故选D。

8.单选题

ArewegoingtoseeanendtotheArab-Israelidisagreement?

问题1选项

A.disaster

B.controversy

C.confrontation

D.aggression

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项disaster“灾难；灾祸；不幸”；B选项controversy“辩论”；C选项confrontation“对抗；对峙”；D选项aggression“侵略；侵犯；侵害”。句意：我们会看到阿拉伯和以色列的分歧结束吗。A选项disaster（灾难）不能形容两个国家的分歧。B选项controversy（辩论），可以排除。D选项aggression（侵犯），这里并没有体现两个国家的侵略。C选项confrontation（对峙）最符合题意，由此得知C选项正确。

9.单选题

Failureinarequiredsubjectmayresultinthe___ofadiploma.

问题1选项

A.refusal

B.betrayal

C.denial

D.burial

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项refusal“拒绝；优先取舍权；推却；取舍权”；B选项betrayal“背叛；辜负；暴露；违约”；C选项denial“否认；拒绝；拒绝给予；节制；背弃”；D选项burial“埋葬；葬礼；弃绝”。句意：如果某门必修科目不及格，可能会被吊销学位证书。结合此处语境，C为正确答案。

10.单选题

ItisMr.YorkwhobangsthedruminJohnKirkpatrick'sapparentlyauthentic,andcertainlysuitablebandmusic.

问题1选项

A.genuine

B.reliable

C.honest

D.automatic

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项genuine“真实的，真正的；诚恳的”；B选项reliable“可靠的；可信赖的”；C选项honest“诚实的，实在的；可靠的；坦率的”；D选项automatic“自动的；无意识的；必然的”。句意：约克先生在约翰•柯克帕特里克(JohnKirkpatrick)的音乐中敲起了鼓，这显然是真实的，当然也是合适的乐队音乐。结合此处关键词authentic“真正的，真实的；可信的”，得知A为正确答案。

11.写作题

Inrecentyears,moreandmoreuniversitygraduatesgobacktotheirhometownintheruralareasandworkthereasteachersorvillagePartysecretaries,etC.afterobtainingtheirbachelorormasterdegrees.Somepeoplesaywhattheydogoesagainstconvention.Otherssaytheruralareasaredesperatelyinneedofskilledadministrators.Thenshoulduniversitygraduatesgotoworkinaruralarea?What’syouropinionaboutthisphenomenon?WriteapassageonthetopicIsUniversityGraduates’GoingtoWorkinaRuralAreaaWasteofTalent?inabout200words.YoumustwriteclearlyandlogicallyonyourAnswerSheet.（写在试题册上无效。）

IsUniversityGraduates’GoingtoWorkinaRuralAreaAWasteofTalent?

【答案】略。

12.写作题

Nowadaysthewaymanypeopleinteractwitheachotherhaschangedbecauseoftechnology.Inwhatwayshastechnologyaffectedthewaypeoplecommunicatewitheachother?Hasthisbecomeapositiveornegativedevelopment?Youmustwritelogicallyandshowyourclearpointofviewwithsufficientsupportingpoints.Youmaymakeuseofanyrelevantexamplesfromyourknowledgeorexperience.Youshouldhaveyourowntitleandwriteatleast200words.

【答案】略。

13.单选题

SpecialistMusicSchoolsHowtocopewithachildwhoshowsoutstandingmusicalability?It'snotalwaysclearhowbesttodevelopandencouragetheirgift.Manyparentsmayevenfailtorecognizeandrespondtotheirchild'sneeduntilfrustrationexplodesintodifficultoruncooperativebehavior.Andwhilemostschoolsareequippedtodealwithchildrenwhoareespeciallyableinacademicsubjects,themusicallygiftedrequirespecialunderstandingwhichmaynotalwaysbeavailableinanordinaryschoolespeciallyonewheremusicisregardedasasecondaryactivity.Suchchildren—aswellasthosewhoseabilityisactivelyencouragedbyparentsorteachers—maywellbenefitfromtheeducationofferedbyaspecialistmusicschool.

ThefivemusicschoolsinBritainarearelativelyrecentintroduction.Theyaimtoprovideasympatheticenvironmentinwhichgiftedchildrenagedbetweensevenandeighteencandeveloptheirskillstothefullundertheguidanceofprofessionalmusicians.

Childrenatspecialistmusicschoolsspendbetweenonethirdandonehalfofanaveragedayonmusicalactivities,forexample,individuallessons(uptothreehoursaweekonfirstandsecondinstruments),orchestras,chambergroups,voicetraining,conductingandtheory.Theyalsospendseveralhoursadaypracticinginproperlyequippedprivaterooms,sometimeswithateacher.Therestoftheirtimeistakenupwitharestrictedacademicprogram,whichtendstoconcentrateontheessentialsubjects—English,math,basicsciencesandlanguages—¬althoughprovisioncanbemadeforstudentswhowishtostudyawiderrangeofsubjects.AllfiveBritishspecialistschoolsareindependent,classesaresmallbynormalschoolstandards,withahighteacher/pupilratio.Mostchildrenattendingspecialistschoolstendtobeboarders,leavinghometolive,eatandsleepfull-timeatschool.Thismeanstheyspendtheirformativeyearsinthecompanyofotherswithsimilaraimsandinterests.

Whatarethedisadvantages?Anobviousproblemisthecost,thefeesarehigh(£12,000〜£17,000ayearforboarders).However,eachschoolwillmakeeveryeffortwithscholarshipsandotherformsoffinancialassistance,tohelpparentsofoutstandinglygiftedchildrentofindthenecessaryfees.Secondly,notallparentswanttosendtheirchildrentoboardingschool,speciallyataveryearlyage.Almostallthedirectorsofthespecialistschoolsexpressdoubtsaboutthewisdomofadmittingchildrenasyoungassevenintosuchanintenseanddisciplinedenvironment.Theystress,however,thattheirmainaimistoturnout‘roundedandwell-balancedindividuals’.

1.Ifachild'smusicalabilityisnotrecognized___.

2.Whatproblemmaymusicallygiftedchildrenfaceinordinaryschools?

3.Whatmakesspecialistmusicschoolsdifferentfromotherschools?

4.Whatdomostschooldirectorsseeasapossibledisadvantageforpupils?

5.Theunderlinedword‘sympathetic’inparagraphtwomeans___.

问题1选项

A.theabilitymayfadeaway

B.thechildmaymisbehave

C.theparentsmaybecomeanxious

D.thechildmayloseinterest

问题2选项

A.Musicisnotseenasanimportantsubject

B.Theiracademicworkmaysuffer

C.Schoolslackmusicalequipment

D.Parentsandteachersdonotworktogether

问题3选项

A.Thechildrenhavemostlyone-to-onelessons

B.Theirworkingdayislonger

C.Morethanhalfthedayisspentonmusic

D.Arangeofmusicaltrainingisoffered

问题4选项

A.Theymaynotbematureenoughonarrival

B.Poorchildrenmaybeexcluded

C.Theremaybeadisciplineproblem

D.Theymaylosetheirindividuality

问题5选项

A.pity-showing

B.appreciating

C.understandable

D.beneficial

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中“Manyparentsmayevenfailtorecognizeandrespondtotheirchild'sneeduntilfrustrationexplodesintodifficultoruncooperativebehavior.”中文翻译为：许多父母甚至没有意识到并回应孩子的需求，直到挫折感爆发成困难或不合作的行为。可以得知B选项“孩子可能会行为不端”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由题干关键词“inordinaryschools”可以定位到原文第一段“Andwhilemostschoolsareequippedtodealwithchildrenwhoareespeciallyableinacademicsubjects,themusicallygiftedrequirespecialunderstandingwhichmaynotalwaysbeavailableinanordinaryschoolespeciallyonewheremusicisregardedasasecondaryactivity.”中文翻译为：虽然大多数学校都有能力培养在学科方面特别有能力的孩子，但是音乐天才需要特殊的理解力，这在普通学校是不可能做到的，尤其是在音乐被视为次要活动的学校里。因此可知A选项“音乐不被视为一门重要的学科”为正确答案。

3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段“Childrenatspecialistmusicschoolsspendbetweenonethirdandonehalfofanaveragedayonmusicalactivities,forexample,individuallessons(uptothreehoursaweekonfirstandsecondinstruments),orchestras,chambergroups,voicetraining,conductingandtheory.”中文翻译为：个人课程（每周最多三个小时学习第一和第二乐器）、管弦乐、室内乐团、声音训练、指挥和理论。可知C选项“半天以上的时间都花在了音乐上。”错误，以及D选项“提供一系列的音乐培训”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由题干关键词“schooldirectors”可以定位到文章最后一段“Almostallthedirectorsofthespecialistschoolsexpressdoubtsaboutthewisdomofadmittingchildrenasyoungassevenintosuchanintenseanddisciplinedenvironment.”中文翻译为：几乎所有专业学校的负责人都对让7岁大的孩子进入如此紧张、纪律严明的环境的做法表示怀疑。故选A“他们可能在到达（学校）时还不够成熟。”

5.词汇题。根据题干关键词“sympathetic”可以定位到根据文章第二段“Theyaimtoprovideasympatheticenvironmentinwhichgiftedchildrenagedbetweensevenandeighteencandeveloptheirskillstothefullundertheguidanceofprofessionalmusicians.”中文翻译为：他们的目标是提供一个富有同情心的环境，让7-18岁的超常儿童在专业音乐家的指导下充分发展他们的技能。sympathetic意为“富有同情心的”，判断出答案为A项。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

14.单选题

Theshell-coveredanimalswithoutbackboneshaveanastytendencytodevourtheirneighbors.

问题1选项

A.develop

B.endeavor

C.delude

D.consume

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项develop“开发；进步；使成长”；B选项endeavor“努力；尽力”；C选项delude“欺骗；哄骗；诱惑”；D选项consume“消耗，消费；着迷”。句意：这些没有脊骨、壳覆盖的动物有一种令人讨厌的倾向，它们会吃掉它们的邻居。根据此处关键词theirneighbors（他们的邻居）可排除A选项及B选项，C选项delude（欺骗）主要侧重于虚伪的意见或信念欺骗，因此也可排除。结合语境，得知D选项正确。

15.单选题

CambridgeUniversitywaseasily___,andhereturnedtheretobeginhismajorresearchactivities.

问题1选项

A.accessible

B.attributable

C.attainable

D.attachable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项accessible“易接近的；可进入的；可理解的”；B选项attributable“可归于……的；可归属的”；C选项attainable“可得到的；可达到的；可到达的”；D选项attachable“可附上的；可连接的；可逮捕的；可没收的”。句意：剑桥大学很容易进入，他回到那里开始了他的主要研究活动。根据句意可知A选项正确。

16.单选题

Congressdelegateswaited___forthecongratulatorytelegramfromMoscowwhenthenewpartywasformed.

问题1选项

A.interms

B.inthelongrun

C.inview

D.invain

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组。A选项interms“明确地；毫不含糊地；焦急地”；B选项inthelongrun“长远；终究”；C选项inview“在视野范围内；在考虑中的；作为目标”；D选项invain“徒然；无效”。句意：当新政党成立时，国会代表们焦急地等待来自莫斯科的贺电。结合句意，判断出选项A为正确答案。

17.单选题

Hequicklymovedasidebehindthetreestoavoidbeinghurtbythestonesthrowninhisdirection.

问题1选项

A.ducked

B.evaded

C.escaped

D.dodged

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项ducked“躲避”，强调快速闪躲，后面一般接宾语；B选项evaded“逃避；规避；逃脱”；C选项escaped“逃离，逃脱；避开；泄出”；D选项dodged“搪塞”，表示躲避时，目的是免受伤害，可作及物动词，也可以加副词或介词。句意：他迅速躲到树后，以免被朝他这个方向扔来的石头弄伤。结合此处关键词behind（到……后面），得知D选项正确。

18.单选题

Butagingdoesnothavetotakeatollonceitdidonherfaceandbody.Therearenowmanysolutionsavailabletoaidwomenintheirquestfortheirlonglastinghealthandbeauty.

问题1选项

A.takeover

B.composeof

C.slowdown

D.haveanegativeeffect

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组。A选项takeover“接管；接收”；B选项composeof“由……组成”；C选项slowdown“减速，放慢速度；使……慢下来”；D选项haveanegativeeffect“产生负面影响”。句意：不过，一旦衰老对她的脸和身体造成了影响，就不必为此付出代价。现在有很多方法可以帮助女性追求持久的健康和美丽。结合此处关键词takeatoll“产生负面影响；造成损失；产生严重的不良影响”，得知D选项正确。

19.单选题

Learningdisabilitiesareverycommon.Theyaffectperhaps10percentofallchildren.Fourtimesasmanyboysasgirlshavelearningdisabilities.

Sinceabout1970,newresearchhashelpedbrainscientistsunderstandtheseproblemsbetter.Scientistsnowknowtherearemanydifferentkindsoflearningdisabilitiesandthattheyarecausedbymanydifferentthings.Thereisnolongeranyquestionthatalllearningdisabilitiesresultfromdifferencesinthewaythebrainisorganized.

Youcannotlookatachildandtellifheorshehasalearningdisability.Thereisnooutwardsignofthedisorder.Sosomeresearchersbeganlookingatthebrainitselftolearnwhatmightbewrong.

Inonestudy,researchersexaminedthebrainofalearning-disabledpersonwhohaddiedinanaccident.Theyfoundtwounusualthings.Oneinvolvedcellsintheleftsideofthebrain,whichcontrollanguage.Thesecellsnormallyarewhite.Inthelearning-disabledperson,however,thesecellsweregray.Theresearchersalsofoundthatmanyofthenervecellswerenotinalinethewaytheyshouldhavebeen.Thenervecellsweremixedtogether.

ThestudywascarriedoutundertheguidanceofNormanGeschwind,anearlyexpertonlearningdisabilities.DoctorGeschwindproposedthatlearningdisabilitiesresultedmainlyfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.Hebelievedthissideofthebrainfailedtodevelopnormally.Probably,hesaid,nervecellstheredidnotconnectastheyshoulD.Sothebrainwaslikeanelectricaldeviceinwhichthewireswerecrossed.

Otherstudiesdidnotexaminebraintissue.Instead,theymeasuredthebrain’selectricalactivityandmadeamanoftheelectricalsignals.

FrankDuffyexperimentedwithhistechniquesatChildren’sHospitalMedicalCenterinBoston.DoctorDuffysaidhisresearchisevidencethatreadingdisabilitiesinvolvedamagetoawideareaofthebrain,notjusttheleftside.

1.Scientistfoundthatthebraincellsofalearning-disabledpersondifferfromthoseofanormalpersonin______.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

3.AllofthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPTthat______.

4.DoctorDuffybelievedthat______.

5.Accordingtothepassagewecanconcludethatfurtherresearchshouldbemade______.

问题1选项

A.structureandfunction

B.colorandfunction

C.sizeandarrangement

D.colorandarrangement

问题2选项

A.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromtheunknownareaofthebrain

B.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromdamagetoawideareaofthebrain

C.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromabnormalorganizationofbraincells

D.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain

问题3选项

A.manyfactorsaccountforlearningdisorder

B.alearning-disabledpersonshowsnooutwardsigns

C.readingdisabilitiesareacommonproblemthataffects10percentofthepopulation

D.thebrainactivityoflearning-disabledchildrenisdifferentfromthatofnormalchildren

问题4选项

A.hefoundtheexactcauseoflearningdisabilities

B.theproblemoflearningdisabilitieswasnotlimitedtotheleftsideofthebrain

C.theproblemoflearningdisabilitiesresultedfromtheleftsideofthebrain

D.theproblemoflearningdisabilitiesdidnotlieintheleftsideofthebrain

问题5选项

A.toinvestigatepossibleinfluencesonbraindevelopmentandorganization

B.tostudyhowchildrenlearntoreadandwrite,andusenumbers

C.tohelplearning-disabledchildrentodeveloptheirintelligence

D.toexplorehowtheleftsideofthebrainfunctionsinlanguagelearning

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干，通读全文，以及定位到文章第四段“Oneinvolvedcellsintheleftsideofthebrain,whichcontrollanguage.Thesecellsnormallyarewhite.Inthelearning-disabledperson,however,thesecellsweregray.Theresearchersalsofoundthatmanyofthenervecellswerenotinalinethewaytheyshouldhavebeen.Thenervecellsweremixedtogether.”，中文翻译为：其中一个是大脑左侧控制语言的细胞。这些细胞通常是白色的。然而，在学习障碍者中，这些细胞是灰色的。研究人员还发现，许多神经细胞并没有按照应有的方式排列。神经细胞混合在一起。根据关键词“white”“gray”可排除A、C选项，以及“cellswerenotinaline”（细胞不在一条线上）可排除B选项，因此可判断D选项“颜色和排列”正确。

2.推理判断题。通读全文，A选项“学习障碍可能来自大脑的未知区域。”在文中并没有提及，因此可知A选项正确。B选项“学习障碍可能是由于大脑大面积受损造成的。”在文中第五段“Hebelievedthissideofthebrainfailedtodevelopnormally.Probably,hesaid,nervecellstheredidnotconnectastheyshould.Sothebrainwaslikeanelectricaldeviceinwhichthewireswerecrossed.”中文翻译：他认为大脑的这一侧不能正常发育。他说，很可能那里的神经细胞并没有正常连接。所以大脑就像一个电线交叉的电子装置。可推测，大脑受损导致学习障碍。因此B选项正确，可排除。C选项“学习障碍可能是由脑细胞的异常组织引起的。”在文中第二段“Thereisnolongeranyquestionthatalllearningdisabilitiesresultfromdifferencesinthewaythebrainisorganized.”中文翻译：毫无疑问，所有的学习障碍都是由大脑组织方式的差异造成的。因此C选项符合原文意思，可排除。D选项Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.“学习障碍可能是由左脑问题引起的。”可定位到文中第五段“DoctorGeschwindproposedthatlearningdisabilitiesresultedmainlyfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.”中文翻译：Geschwind博士提出学习障碍主要是由左脑问题引起的。因此，D选项也是直接来自原文，可排除。

3.推理判断题。A选项“manyfactorsaccountforlearningdisorder”（许多因素导致了学习障碍），可定位到文中第二段第二句“Scientistsnowknowtherearemanydifferentkindsoflearningdisabilitiesandthattheyarecausedbymanydifferentthings”，中文翻译：科学家们现在知道有许多不同种类的学习障碍，它们是由许多不同的事情引起的。因此A选项正确。B选项“alearning-disabledpersonshowsnooutwardsigns”（有学习障碍的人没有外在的迹象），可定位到原文第三段“Youcannotlookatachildandtellifheorshehasalearningdisability.Thereisnooutwardsignofthedisorder.”中文翻译：你不能看着一个孩子就知道他或她是否有学习障碍。没有这种紊乱的外在迹象。因此B选项正确。C选项“readingdisabilitiesareacommonproblemthataffects10percentofthepopulation.”（阅读障碍是影响10%人口的一个常见问题），可定位到文中第一段第二句“Theyaffectperhaps10percentofallchildren.”中文翻译：大约有10%的儿童患有这种疾病。与C选项不符，因此C选项错误。D选项“thebrainactivityoflearning-disabledchildrenisdifferentfromthatofnormalchildren.”（学习障碍儿童的大脑活动与正常儿童不同），可定位到文中第四段，可知学习障碍者控制语言的左脑细胞是灰色的，而这些细胞通常是白色的。可推测学习障碍儿童的大脑活动与正常儿童不同。因此选项D正确。综上所述，C选项为正确答案。

4.细节事实题。由题干关键词“DoctorDuffy”可定位到文中最后一段FrankDuffyexperimentedwithhistechniquesatChildren’sHospitalMedicalCenterinBoston.DoctorDuffysaidhisresearchisevidencethatreadingdisabilitiesinvolvedamagetoawideareaofthebrain,notjusttheleftside.中文翻译：达菲在波士顿儿童医院医疗中心试验了他的技术。达菲博士

说，他的研究证明，阅读障碍不仅会损害大脑的左侧，还会损害大脑的大部分区域。A选项“他找到了学习障碍的确切原因”，不符合题意，可排除。B选项“学习障碍的问题不仅限于左脑”，达菲博士的研究证明“阅读障碍还会损害大脑的大部分区域”，因此，选项B正确。C选项“学习障碍的问题是由左脑造成的”，不符合题意，可排除。D选项“学习障碍的问题并不在于大脑的左侧”不符合题意，可排除。综上所述，B选项为正确答案。

5.推理判断题。A选项“研究可能对大脑发育和组织的影响”，B选项“研究儿童如何学习读写和使用数字”，C选项“帮助学习障碍儿童发展智力”，D选项“探讨左脑在语言学习中的作用”。根据题干，可以定位到文中最后一段最后一句“达菲博士说，他的研究证明，阅读障碍不仅会损害大脑的左侧，还会损害大脑的大部分区域。”，由此可推测接下来的研究会探讨“大脑发育和组织的影响”，因此A选项正确。

20.单选题

TheFrenchwordrenaissancemeansrebirth.Itwasfirstusedin1855bythehistorianJulesMicheletinhisHistoryofFrance,thenadoptedbyhistoriansofculture,byarthistorians,andeventuallybymusichistorians,allofwhomappliedittoEuropeancultureduringthe150yearsspanning1450-1600.TheconceptofrebirthwasappropriatetothisperiodofEuropeanhistorybecauseoftherenewedinterestinancientGreekandRomanculturethatbeganinItalyandthenspreadthroughoutEurope.ScholarsandartistsofthefifteenthandsixteenthcenturieswantedtorestorethelearningandidealsoftheclassicalcivilizationsofGreeceandRome.Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohumanasopposedtospiritual-values.Fulfillmentinlife—asopposedtoconcernaboutanafterlife—becameadesirablegoal,andexpressingtheentirerangeofhumanemotionsandenjoyingthepleasuresofthesenseswerenolongerfrownedon.

Artistsandwritersnowturnedtosecularaswellasreligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.ThesechangesinoutlookdeeplyaffectedthemusicalcultureoftheRenaissanceperiod—howpeoplethoughtaboutmusicaswellasthewaymusicwascomposed,experienced,discussed,anddisseminateD.Theycouldseethearchitecturalmonuments,sculptures,plays,andpoemsthatwerebeingrediscovered,buttheycouldnotactuallyhearancientmusic—althoughtheycouldreadthewritingsofclassicalphilosophers,poets,essayists,andmusictheoriststhatwerebecomingavailableintranslation.Theylearnedaboutthepowerofancientmusictomovethelistenerandwonderedwhymodernmusicdidnothavethesameeffect.Forexample,theinfluentialreligiousleaderBernardinoCirilloexpresseddisappointmentwiththelearnedmusicofhistime.Heurgedmusicianstofollowtheexampleofthesculptors,painters,architects,andscholarswhohadrediscoveredancientartandliterature.

ThemusicalRenaissanceinEuropewasmoreageneralculturalmovementandstateofmindthanaspecificsetofmusicaltechniques.Furthermore,musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf-thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountries—thatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.WhatdoestheauthormeanbyusingthewordeventuallyinPara.1?

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthinkersoftheRenaissancewereseekingarebirthof___.

4.Accordingtothepassage,RenaissanceartistsandwritershadallofthefollowingintentionsEXCEPT___.

5.WhichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasareasonfortheabsenceofasingleRenaissancemusicalstyle?

问题1选项

A.ThemusicalcompositionsthatbestillustratethedevelopmentsduringtheEuropeanRenaissance

B.ThemusicaltechniquesthatwereinuseduringtheEuropeanRenaissance

C.TheEuropeanRenaissanceasaculturaldevelopmentthatincludedchangesinmusicalstyle

D.TheancientGreekandRomanmusicalpracticesusedduringtheEuropeanRenaissance

问题2选项

A.Thatmusichistoriansusedtheterm“Renaissance”aftertheotherhistoriansdid

B.Thatmostmusichistoriansusedtheterm“Renaissance”

C.Theterm“Renaissance”becamewidelyusedbyarthistoriansbutnotbymusichistorians

D.Thatmusichistoriansusedtheterm“Renaissance”verydifferentlythanithadbeenusedbyJulesMichelet

问题3选项

A.communicationamongartistsacrossEurope

B.spiritualityineverydaylife

C.aculturalemphasisonhumanvalues

D.religiousthemesinartthatwouldaccompanythetraditionalsecularthemes

问题4选项

A.tousereligiousthemes

B.toportrayonlythepleasantpartsofhumanexperience

C.toproduceartthatpeoplewouldfindattractive

D.tocreateworksthatwereeasilyunderstood

问题5选项

A.ThemusicalRenaissancewasdefinedbytechniqueratherthanstyle

B.ThemusicalRenaissancewastooshorttogiverisetoanewmusicalstyle

C.RenaissancemusiciansadoptedthestylesofbothGreekandRomanmusicians

D.DuringtheRenaissance,musicneverremainedthesameforverylong

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据题干，通读全文，以及定位到文章尾段第一句“ThemusicalRenaissanceinEuropewasmoreageneralculturalmovementandstateofmindthanaspecificsetofmusicaltechniques.”，中文翻译为：欧洲音乐复兴与其说是一套特定的音乐技巧，不如说是一场普遍的文化运动和一种精神状态。可以判断C选项“欧洲文艺复兴是一种包括音乐风格变化在内的文化发展。”正确。

2.推理判断题。由题干关键字“eventually”可以定位到原文第一段“Itwasfirstusedin1855bythehistorianJulesMicheletinhisHistoryofFrance,thenadoptedbyhistoriansofculture,byarthistorians,andeventuallybymusichistorians,allofwhomappliedittoEuropeancultureduringthe150yearsspanning1450-1600.”，中文翻译为：1855年，历史学家朱尔斯•米歇莱(JulesMichelet)在他的《法国历史》中首次使用了这个词，随后被文化历史学家、艺术历史学家和音乐历史学家采用，所有这些历史学家都在1450-1600年的150年间将其应用于欧洲文化。关键词“eventually”意为“最后；终于”因此可知A选项：音乐历史学家在其他历史学家之后才使用“文艺复兴”这个词正确。

3.细节事实题。由题干关键词“thatthinkersoftheRenaissance”可定位到原文第一段“Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohumanasopposedtospiritual-values.”，中文翻译为：对这些学者来说，这意味着回归人类，而不是灵魂价值。判断C选项“对人类价值的文化强调”正确。

4.细节事实题。A选项“使用宗教主题”，C选项“创作出人们会觉得有吸引力的艺术作品”以及D选项“创作容易理解的作品”可定位到原文第二段“Artistsandwritersnowturnedtosecularaswellasreligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.”，中文翻译为：艺术家和作家现在转向世俗和宗教题材，力求使他们的作品易于理解和吸引人。可知B选项“只描绘人类经历中令人愉快的部分”未提及，符合题意。

5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文尾段“Furthermore,musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf-thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountries—thatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle.”，中文翻译为：此外，音乐在这一个半世纪里变化如此之快，尽管在不同的国家以不同的速度变化——我们不能定义一个单一的文艺复兴风格。判断出D选项“在文艺复兴时期，音乐从未长时间保持不变。”正确。

21.单选题

Sometimesitcanbeshownthatthetissuenotonlylookshomogeneous,butactuallyisso,because,ifthetissueiscutinhalf,eachhalfwillregulatetogiverisetothesamepatternaswouldotherwisehavebeenproducedbythewhole.

问题1选项

A.create

B.occur

C.emerge

D.deteriorate

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项create“创造，创作；造成”；B选项occur“发生；出现；存在”；C选项emerge“浮现；摆脱；暴露”；D选项deteriorate“恶化，变坏”。句意：可以证明，组织不仅看起来是均匀的，而且实际上是均匀的，因为如果组织被切成两半，每一半将调节以产生与整体相同的图案。结合此处关键词giveriseto“造成；引起；导致”，得知A为正确答案。

22.单选题

In___timeshumanbeingsdidnottravelforpleasurebuttofindamorefavorableclimate.

问题1选项

A.prime

B.primitive

C.primary

D.preliminary

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项prime“主要的；最好的；基本的”；B选项primitive“原始的，远古的；简单的，粗糙的”；C选项primary“主要的；初级的；基本的”；D选项preliminary“初步的；开始的；预备的”。句意：在原始时代，人类旅行不是为了娱乐，而是为了寻找更适宜的气候。因此B选项正确。

23.单选题

Theacidrainattackstheleavesand_____theirwaxycoating.

问题1选项

A.resolves

B.unsolved

C.dissolves

D.shoves

【答案】C

【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项resolves“决定；决心要做”；B选项unsolved“未解决的；未解答的”；C选项dissolves“溶解；分解”；D选项shoves“挤；强使；撞；猛推”。句意：酸雨会侵蚀树叶，……它们的蜡涂层。根据attackstheleaves（侵蚀树叶）可推测acidrain（酸雨）的危害极大，A选项resolves（决定）不符合题意，B选项unsolved（未解决的）可排除，D选项shoves（挤）不符合题意，可排除，结合此处语境，C选项正确。

24.单选题

Bybeingover-zealouswithfoodrestriction,thedieterinadvertentlymakesabingeonforbiddenfoodsfarmorelikelyandyoumayaswellforgettheideaofbanningthings.

问题1选项

A.mayproperly

B.hadbetter

C.shouldsurely

D.mayprobably

【答案】B

【解析】A选项mayproperly“适当地”；B选项hadbetter“最好”；C选项shouldsurely“应该”；D选项mayprobably“也许可能”。句意：过度热衷于限制食物，节食者很可能会无意中暴饮暴食，你最好还是忘记禁食的想法。结合此处关键词mayaswell“最好”，得知B为正确答案。

25.单选题

Threelaboureconomistssuggestthateffortatworkiscorrelatedwithrace.Afterrejectinganumberof1explanationsforwhythismightbe,theyfinally2thediscrepancytounexplained“culturaldifferences”.Acutely3ofthesensitivityofthesefindings,theydelayedpublicationuntilafterthe4election.Thepapermayyetbe5onbythosewhoarekeentorootout“politic