2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南林业大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号77

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南林业大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Thecompanymakesaperiodicalreviewofexpenditureeverymonth.

问题1选项

A.regular

B.immediate

C.prevalent

D.temporary

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项regular“定期的；有规律的；合格的；整齐的；普通的”；B选项immediate“立即的；直接的；最接近的”；C选项prevalent“流行的；普遍的，广传的”；D选项temporary“暂时的，临时的”。句意：公司每月定期检查支出情况。结合此处关键词periodical“[数]周期的；定期的”，得知A选项正确。

2.单选题

Hemadea______speechthatcausedagreatdealofargument.

问题1选项

A.successful

B.provocative

C.touching

D.hostile

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项successful“成功的；一帆风顺的”；B选项provocative“刺激的；挑拨的；煽动的”；C选项touching“动人的，令人同情的”；D选项hostile“敌对的；敌方的；怀敌意的”。句意：他做了一个……演讲引起了一番争论。根causedagreatdealofargument（引起大量的争论）可推测B选项与其意思对应正确，因此选项B符合题意。

3.单选题

SpecialistMusicSchoolsHowtocopewithachildwhoshowsoutstandingmusicalability?It'snotalwaysclearhowbesttodevelopandencouragetheirgift.Manyparentsmayevenfailtorecognizeandrespondtotheirchild'sneeduntilfrustrationexplodesintodifficultoruncooperativebehavior.Andwhilemostschoolsareequippedtodealwithchildrenwhoareespeciallyableinacademicsubjects,themusicallygiftedrequirespecialunderstandingwhichmaynotalwaysbeavailableinanordinaryschoolespeciallyonewheremusicisregardedasasecondaryactivity.Suchchildren—aswellasthosewhoseabilityisactivelyencouragedbyparentsorteachers—maywellbenefitfromtheeducationofferedbyaspecialistmusicschool.

ThefivemusicschoolsinBritainarearelativelyrecentintroduction.Theyaimtoprovideasympatheticenvironmentinwhichgiftedchildrenagedbetweensevenandeighteencandeveloptheirskillstothefullundertheguidanceofprofessionalmusicians.

Childrenatspecialistmusicschoolsspendbetweenonethirdandonehalfofanaveragedayonmusicalactivities,forexample,individuallessons(uptothreehoursaweekonfirstandsecondinstruments),orchestras,chambergroups,voicetraining,conductingandtheory.Theyalsospendseveralhoursadaypracticinginproperlyequippedprivaterooms,sometimeswithateacher.Therestoftheirtimeistakenupwitharestrictedacademicprogram,whichtendstoconcentrateontheessentialsubjects—English,math,basicsciencesandlanguages—¬althoughprovisioncanbemadeforstudentswhowishtostudyawiderrangeofsubjects.AllfiveBritishspecialistschoolsareindependent,classesaresmallbynormalschoolstandards,withahighteacher/pupilratio.Mostchildrenattendingspecialistschoolstendtobeboarders,leavinghometolive,eatandsleepfull-timeatschool.Thismeanstheyspendtheirformativeyearsinthecompanyofotherswithsimilaraimsandinterests.

Whatarethedisadvantages?Anobviousproblemisthecost,thefeesarehigh(£12,000〜£17,000ayearforboarders).However,eachschoolwillmakeeveryeffortwithscholarshipsandotherformsoffinancialassistance,tohelpparentsofoutstandinglygiftedchildrentofindthenecessaryfees.Secondly,notallparentswanttosendtheirchildrentoboardingschool,speciallyataveryearlyage.Almostallthedirectorsofthespecialistschoolsexpressdoubtsaboutthewisdomofadmittingchildrenasyoungassevenintosuchanintenseanddisciplinedenvironment.Theystress,however,thattheirmainaimistoturnout‘roundedandwell-balancedindividuals’.

1.Ifachild'smusicalabilityisnotrecognized___.

2.Whatproblemmaymusicallygiftedchildrenfaceinordinaryschools?

3.Whatmakesspecialistmusicschoolsdifferentfromotherschools?

4.Whatdomostschooldirectorsseeasapossibledisadvantageforpupils?

5.Theunderlinedword‘sympathetic’inparagraphtwomeans___.

问题1选项

A.theabilitymayfadeaway

B.thechildmaymisbehave

C.theparentsmaybecomeanxious

D.thechildmayloseinterest

问题2选项

A.Musicisnotseenasanimportantsubject

B.Theiracademicworkmaysuffer

C.Schoolslackmusicalequipment

D.Parentsandteachersdonotworktogether

问题3选项

A.Thechildrenhavemostlyone-to-onelessons

B.Theirworkingdayislonger

C.Morethanhalfthedayisspentonmusic

D.Arangeofmusicaltrainingisoffered

问题4选项

A.Theymaynotbematureenoughonarrival

B.Poorchildrenmaybeexcluded

C.Theremaybeadisciplineproblem

D.Theymaylosetheirindividuality

问题5选项

A.pity-showing

B.appreciating

C.understandable

D.beneficial

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中“Manyparentsmayevenfailtorecognizeandrespondtotheirchild'sneeduntilfrustrationexplodesintodifficultoruncooperativebehavior.”中文翻译为：许多父母甚至没有意识到并回应孩子的需求，直到挫折感爆发成困难或不合作的行为。可以得知B选项“孩子可能会行为不端”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由题干关键词“inordinaryschools”可以定位到原文第一段“Andwhilemostschoolsareequippedtodealwithchildrenwhoareespeciallyableinacademicsubjects,themusicallygiftedrequirespecialunderstandingwhichmaynotalwaysbeavailableinanordinaryschoolespeciallyonewheremusicisregardedasasecondaryactivity.”中文翻译为：虽然大多数学校都有能力培养在学科方面特别有能力的孩子，但是音乐天才需要特殊的理解力，这在普通学校是不可能做到的，尤其是在音乐被视为次要活动的学校里。因此可知A选项“音乐不被视为一门重要的学科”为正确答案。

3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段“Childrenatspecialistmusicschoolsspendbetweenonethirdandonehalfofanaveragedayonmusicalactivities,forexample,individuallessons(uptothreehoursaweekonfirstandsecondinstruments),orchestras,chambergroups,voicetraining,conductingandtheory.”中文翻译为：个人课程（每周最多三个小时学习第一和第二乐器）、管弦乐、室内乐团、声音训练、指挥和理论。可知C选项“半天以上的时间都花在了音乐上。”错误，以及D选项“提供一系列的音乐培训”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由题干关键词“schooldirectors”可以定位到文章最后一段“Almostallthedirectorsofthespecialistschoolsexpressdoubtsaboutthewisdomofadmittingchildrenasyoungassevenintosuchanintenseanddisciplinedenvironment.”中文翻译为：几乎所有专业学校的负责人都对让7岁大的孩子进入如此紧张、纪律严明的环境的做法表示怀疑。故选A“他们可能在到达（学校）时还不够成熟。”

5.词汇题。根据题干关键词“sympathetic”可以定位到根据文章第二段“Theyaimtoprovideasympatheticenvironmentinwhichgiftedchildrenagedbetweensevenandeighteencandeveloptheirskillstothefullundertheguidanceofprofessionalmusicians.”中文翻译为：他们的目标是提供一个富有同情心的环境，让7-18岁的超常儿童在专业音乐家的指导下充分发展他们的技能。sympathetic意为“富有同情心的”，判断出答案为A项。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

4.单选题

Thechocolatecompanymaintainedstablesales______andincreasedprofitsby4.7%inthefiscalperiodendinginFebruary.

问题1选项

A.volumes

B.rows

C.dimensions

D.outputs

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项volumes“体积，容量”；B选项rows“一排，一行；一排座位；排屋，排房”；C选项dimensions“规模，大小”；D选项outputs“输出”。句意：在2月份结账期结束巧克力公司保持稳定的销售……，并增加了4.7%的利润。salesvolumes为固定搭配，译为销售量，因此A选项正确。

5.单选题

Theprotectivecoveringoflobsters,nobodycoulddoubt,isanadaptationevolvedbyDarwinianselection.

问题1选项

A.adjustment

B.application

C.argument

D.assembly

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项adjustment“调整，调节；调节器”；B选项application“应用；申请；应用程序；敷用；（对事物、学习等）投入”；C选项argument“论证；论据；争吵；内容提要；自变数；主词，受词”；D选项assembly“装配；集会，集合；汇编，编译”。句意：毫无疑问，龙虾身上的保护层是由达尔文选择进化而来的一种适应。结合此处关键词adaptation“适应”，得知A为正确答案。

6.单选题

Theexaminationquestiontotallyperplexedher.

问题1选项

A.fascinated

B.confused

C.enlightened

D.saddened

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项fascinated“着迷的；被深深吸引的”；B选项confused“困惑的；混乱的；糊涂的”；C选项enlightened“开明的；文明的；有知识的；觉悟的”；D选项saddened“难过的；悲伤的”。句意：考题把她完全难住了。结合此处关键词question（问题），得知B选项正确。

7.单选题

Whoeversaidthatvictoryhasmanyfathersanddefeatisanorphan,surelyhadneverheardoftheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO).Inthecaseofthehaplessmultilateraltradebodyanditslongsufferingrepresentatives,thetotalfailureoftheopeningmeetingoftheso-calledMillenniumtraderoundhaslotsofpeopleboastingoftheirrolesintheviolentphysicalstruggle.Well.That'sjustbrilliant.Theyareproudofbeingpartofamovementthatwantstowreckthemostimportantengineofeconomicgrowth,prosperityandoverallglobalrisinglivingstandardswehave—thefreedomoftradeandmovementofpeopleandgoodsbetweennations.

The135-membersWTOiscomposedofsovereignofsovereigngovernmentswishingtofurtherthisgoalandeasethesettlementofinternationaltradedisputes.FromthesoundsemanatingfromSeattle,though,itwouldnowseemtheWTOhasnowreplacedtheTrilateralCommissionandtheFreemasonsascandidateNo.1totakeovertheworld.

EverybodyhashisfavoriteSeattlestory.Thecity’spolicechiefwillhaveplentyoftimetothinkabouthis,havingnowresignedindisgraceoverthelossofcontrolofdowntownSeattle.TheSeattlebusinesscommunitymaybemoreinclinedtobroodovertheirs;thepoorfoolsinvested＄9milliontoattractthemeetingtotheirfinecity.Whatstandsoutmore?Iwouldnominatetheunionofsteelworkerswhoweremarchinginprotest.It’sanimagethatwillbogglethemindforyearstocome.

Thedebatenowisoverjusthoweffectivethisanti-globalistcoalitionwillturnouttobe.Intheheatofthemoment,italwayslooksasthoughtheworldasweknowitiscomingtoanenD.Buttheoverwhelminglikelihoodisthatwehavenotactuallyseenarelayoftheanti-VietnamWarmovement,whichhadmuchclearerfocus,obviously,thoughitsconsequenceswerefar-reaching.Howlong,afterall,canyouprotestagainstcheapimportswhenthosesameimportsarealloveryouhouse?

No,therealreasonforthedisasterinSeattleispolitical,andreportscomingoutofthemeetingpointtoPresidentClintonasamajorculprit.WhichmaybebothgoodandbaD.Takingthelongview,othertraderoundshavehaddifficultbeginnings,too.IttookyearstogettheUruguayRoundunderway,whichfinallyhappenedin1986.Thankfully,wewillsoonbeelectinganotherpresident,anditshouldbesomeonewhoseactionsmatchhisrhetoric.

Still,itisadisgracethattheworld'sgreatesttradingnation,i.e.theUnitedStates,iscurrentlyledbyamanwhosemotivationsaresonarrowlypoliticalandegocentricthathehasnowwreckedanychanceofenteringthehistorybooksasachampionoffreetrade.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thefailureoftheSeattlemeetingischieflycausedby_______.

2.Wecanlearnfromthebeginningofthepassagethat______.

3.OneoftheWTO'sgoalsasmentionedinthepassageisto_______.

4.Bysayingthat“It’sanimagethatwillbogglethemindforyearstocome.”(thelastsentenceinParagraph3)theauthormeansthat______.

5.TheauthorisobviouslycriticalofPresidentClintonfor______.

问题1选项

A.anti-globalistandpro-globalistconflicts

B.PresidentClinton’swronginitiatives

C.thestrongprotestsfromdiversegroups

D.thepolice'sfailuretomaintainorder

问题2选项

A.differentforcescontributedtothefailureoftheMillenniumtraderound

B.manypeoplebraggedoftheirpresenceattheMillenniumtraderound

C.thereexistedarangeofviolentdebatedastotheprospectsoftheWTO

D.onlyafewmemberswereproudoftheirmembershipoftheWTO

问题3选项

A.serveasarbitersininternationaltradedisputes

B.ensurecheapexportandimportofgoodsunnecessarily

C.bringabouttheglobalizationofworld'strades

D.encouragefreetradeandgoodsexchangesworldwide

问题4选项

A.theWTOislikelytohaveanegativeimageinpeople'smindinthefuture

B.theWTOwillhavetroublechangingpeople'swayofthinkinginthefuture

C.thestartlingscenewillprobablylingerinpeople'smindtheyearstocome

D.peoplewilllosewhateverconfidencetheyholdinthefutureoftheWTO

问题5选项

A.hisfailingtomatchhiswordswithhisactions

B.hishandlingthematterinawrongperspective

C.hislackinghistoricalknowledgeabouttheWTO

D.hisoveremphasizingtheeconomicroleoftheWTO

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干关键词“Seattlemeeting”可以定位到文章第五段中“No,therealreasonforthedisasterinSeattleispolitical,andreportscomingoutofthemeetingpointtoPresidentClintonasamajorculprit.”中文翻译为：不，西雅图灾难的真正原因是政治，会议的报告指出，总统克林顿是主要的罪魁祸首。可以得知B选项“克林顿总统的错误举措”正确。

2.主旨大意题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段，中文翻译为：谁说胜利有许多父亲，失败是一个孤儿，肯定没有听说过世界贸易组织(WTO)。以不幸的多边贸易组织及其长期受苦受难的代表们为例，所谓的千年贸易回合(Millenniumtraderound)开幕式的彻底失败，让很多人吹嘘自己在这场激烈的斗争中扮演的角色。好，这就是灿烂的。他们为自己是一场运动的一部分而感到自豪，这场运动希望摧毁我们所拥有的经济增长、繁荣和全球整体生活水平不断提高的最重要引擎——贸易自由以及国与国之间人员和货物流动。A选项“不同的力量促成了千年贸易谈判的失败”符合题意。B选项“许多人吹嘘他们出席了千年贸易谈判”不符合题意，故排除。C选项“关于世贸组织的前景存在着一系列激烈的争论”不符合题意，故排除。D选项“只有几个成员国为他们是世贸组织的成员而感到自豪”不符合题意，文中很多人吹嘘自己在这场激烈的斗争中扮演的角色，故排除。

3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段“Theyareproudofbeingpartofamovementthatwantstowreckthemostimportantengineofeconomicgrowth,prosperityandoverallglobalrisinglivingstandardswehave—thefreedomoftradeandmovementofpeopleandgoodsbetweennations.”中文翻译为：他们为自己是一场运动的一部分而感到自豪，这场运动希望摧毁我们所拥有的经济增长、繁荣和全球整体生活水平不断提高的最重要引擎——贸易自由以及国与国之间人员和货物流动。D选项“鼓励世界范围内的自由贸易和商品交流”符合题意，故选D。A选项“在国际贸易争端中担任仲裁者”不符合题意，故排除。B选项“确保不必要的廉价进出口”不符合题意，故排除。C选项“带来世界贸易的全球化”不符合题意，故排除。

4.作者意图题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句“It’sanimagethatwillbogglethemindforyearstocome.”中文翻译：这是一个在未来几年里会让人难以置信的画面。A选项“WTO在未来很可能在人们的脑海中有一个负面的形象”与题干句子意思相符，因此A选项正确。

5.细节事实题。通读题干定位到文章第五段最后一句“Thankfully,wewillsoonbeelectinganotherpresident,anditshouldbesomeonewhoseactionsmatchhisrhetoric.”中文大意：值得庆幸的是，我们很快将选出另一位总统，而这位总统应该是言行一致的人。根据前文“No,therealreasonforthedisasterinSeattleispolitical,andreportscomingoutofthemeetingpointtoPresidentClintonasamajorculprit.”中文大意：不，西雅图灾难的真正原因是政治，会议的报告指出，总统克林顿是主要的罪魁祸首。前文批判克林顿为“罪魁祸首”，后文笔者说值得庆幸的是将选出另外一位言行一致的总统。A选项“他言行不一致”最符合题意，因此选A。

8.单选题

Sincethe1950s,conservationefforts—includingstricterhuntingrulesandmeasuresliketrappingthebirdsandthenreleasingthemintohealthyforests—helpedrestorewildturkeypopulations.

问题1选项

A.protection

B.conspiracy

C.compensation

D.destruction

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项protection“保护；防卫；护照”；B选项conspiracy“阴谋；共谋”；C选项compensation“补偿；报酬；赔偿金”；D选项destruction“破坏，毁灭；摧毁”。句意：自20世纪50年代以来，保护措施——包括更严格的狩猎规则和诱捕火鸡然后将它们放归健康的森林等措施——帮助了野生火鸡数量的恢复。结合此处关键短语helpedrestorewildturkeypopulations（帮助恢复了野生火鸡的数量），可排除B、D选项，C选项不符合题意，也可排除，得知A选项正确。

9.单选题

Tony'smotherlovesPekingoperaandwheneverthereisanewplay,sheasksTonytobuyticketsforher.

问题1选项

A.adorns

B.adapts

C.adopts

D.adores

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项adorns“装饰；使生色”；B选项adapts“适合的；使适应，改编”；C选项adopts“收养”；D选项adores“崇拜；喜爱；极喜欢”。句意：托尼的妈妈喜欢京剧，每当有新戏上演，她就让托尼给她买票。结合句意，A，B，C选项都可排除，得知D选项正确。

10.单选题

Inresponsetothesignals,therobotarmsmakescribblesonwhitecanvaswiththreecoloredmarkersattachedtotheendofthearms.

问题1选项

A.images

B.scripts

C.scratches

D.characters

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项images“图像；影像；肖像”；B选项scripts“原稿”；C选项scratches“刮伤；刮花”；D选项characters“特性；人物角色”。句意：作为对信号的回应，机器人手臂会在白色画布上涂鸦，手臂末端有三个彩色标记。结合此处关键词markers“记号”，得知B选项正确。

11.单选题

Weoften______ourenergiesintrivialoccupations.

问题1选项

A.dissipated

B.indulged

C.unscrambled

D.took

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项dissipated“消散；浪费”；B选项indulged“沉溺；满足；放任”；C选项unscrambled“使……还原；译出；理顺，理清”；D选项took“拿；取；接受”。句意：我们经常……我们的精力在琐碎的工作上。根据单词trivialoccupations（琐碎的工作），可推测我们经常会浪费我们的精力在一些琐碎的工作上，结合此处语境，选项A为正确答案。

12.单选题

Therearemanywhobelievethattheuseofforce___politicalendscanneverbejustified.

问题1选项

A.insearchof

B.inpursuitof

C.inviewof

D.inlightof

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项insearchof“寻找”；B选项inpursuitof“追求”；C选项inviewof“鉴于，由于”；D选项inlightof“根据”。句意：有许多人认为，为追求政治目的而使用武力永远是不正当的。根据句意可知B选项正确。

13.单选题

Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethe______shadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears.

问题1选项

A.disclosed

B.created

C.disguised

D.distinguished

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项disclosed“揭露的”；B选项created“创造的”；C选项disguised“伪装的”；D选项distinguished“辨别的”。句意：一个世纪前，弗洛伊德阐述了革命性的理论，即梦是人们潜意识中欲望和恐惧……后的预示。A选项disclosed（揭露的）不符合题意，可排除。B选项created（创造的）不符合题意，可排除。C选项正确。

14.单选题

Athometheirlossestofarmingandindustryhadtobemadegood,asfaraspossible,withmoreforeignworkersandprisoners-of-war.

问题1选项

A.compensated

B.constructedwell

C.managedproperly

D.terminated

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项compensate“补偿”；B选项constructwell“构造得很好”；C选项manageproperly“妥善处理”；D选项terminate“使终止；使结束；解雇”。句意：在国内，他们在农业和工业上的损失必须尽可能用更多的外国工人和战俘来弥补。结合此处关键词madegood“补偿”，得知A为正确答案。

15.单选题

Thesultryweatherinthetropicsencouragesalifeof______.

问题1选项

A.leisure

B.comfort

C.industry

D.indolence

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项leisure“空闲”；B选项comfort“安慰，舒适”；C选项industry“产业，工业”；D选项indolence“懒散，懒惰”。句意：天气闷热的热带地区鼓励……生活。根据句意，可以推测天气闷热，会鼓励一种懒散生活。因此D选项正确。

16.单选题

In1517aGermanmonk,MartinLuther,challengedcertainCatholicteachingsandrenouncedhisobediencetothepapacy.

问题1选项

A.announced

B.followed

C.denied

D.proclaimed

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项announced“宣布；宣称”；B选项followed“跟着；听从；继承”；C选项denied“拒绝；拒签”；D选项proclaimed“正式宣布”。句意：1517年，一位德国修道士马丁•路德挑战了某些天主教教义，宣布放弃对教皇的服从。结合此处关键词challenged“挑战”，可排除选项B，C选项不符合题意，也可排除。A选项虽有“宣布”的意思，但不够正式，根据句意，推测马丁•路德的宣布内容应更为正式，得知D选项正确。

17.单选题

TruthabouttheEnvironmentFormanyenvironmentalists,theworldseemstobegettingworse.Theyhavedevelopedahit-listofourmainfears:thatnaturalresourcesarerunningout,thatthepopulationisevergrowing,leavinglessandlesstoeat;thatspeciesarebecomingextinctinvastnumbers,andthattheplanet'sairandwaterarebecomingevermorepolluted.

Butaquicklookatthefactsshowsadifferentpicture.First,energyandothernaturalresourceshavebecomemoreabundant,notlessso,sincethebookTheLimitstoGrowthwaspublishedin1972byagroupofscientists.Second,morefoodisnowproducedperheadoftheworld'spopulationthanatanytimeinhistory.Fewerpeoplearestarving.Third,althoughspeciesareindeedbecomingextinct,onlyabout0.7%ofthemareexpectedtodisappearinthenext50years,not25%-50%,ashassooftenbeenpredicteD.Andfinally,mostformsofenvironmentalpollutioneitherappeartohavebeenexaggerated,oraretransient—associatedwiththeearlyphasesofindustrializationandthereforebestcurednotbyrestrictingeconomicgrowth,butbyacceleratingit.Oneformofpollution—thereleaseofgreenhousegasesthatcausesglobalwarming—doesappeartobeaphenomenonthatisgoingtoextendwellintoourfuture,butitstotalimpactisunlikelytoposeadevastatingproblem.Abiggerproblemmaywellturnouttobeaninappropriateresponsetoit.

Yetopinionpollssuggestthatmanypeoplenurturethebeliefthatenvironmentalstandardsaredecliningandthreefactorsseemtocausethisdisjunctionbetweenperceptionandreality.

Oneisthelopsidednessbuiltintoscientificresearch.Scientificfundinggoesmainlytoareaswithmanyproblems.Thatmaybeawisepolicy,butitwillalsocreateanimpressionthatmanymorepotentialproblemsexistthanisthecase.

Secondly,environmentalgroupsneedtobenoticedbythemassmediA.Theyalsoneedtokeepthemoneyrollingin.Understandably,perhaps,theysometimesoverstatetheirarguments.In1997,forexample,theWorldWideFundforNatureissuedapressreleaseentitled:"Twothirdsoftheworld'sforestslostforever".Thetruthturnsouttobenearer20%.

Thethirdfactorispoorindividualperception.Peopleworrythattheendlessriseintheamountofstuffeveryonethrowsawaywillcausetheworldtorunoutofplacestodisposeofwaste.Yet,evenifAmerica'strashoutputcontinuestoriseasithasdoneinthepast,andeveniftheAmericanpopulationdoublesby2100,alltherubbishAmericaproducesthroughtheentire21stcenturywillstilltakeuponlyone-12,000thoftheareaoftheentireUnitedStates.

1.Thefirstparagraphintendstoshowthat___.

2.Thefactsandfiguresprovidedinparagraphtwosuggestthat___.

3.Inparagraphfour,thewriterexpresseshisconcernsabout___.

4.ThewriterquotesfromtheWorldWideFundforNaturetoillustratehow___.

5.Whatisthewriter'sviewofAmerica'swasteproblem?

问题1选项

A.theenvironmentisgettingworseandworse

B.theenvironmentproblemsinvolvemanyaspects

C.thewriterdoesnotagreewiththestatements

D.thewriterdrawsapictureofenvironmentproblems

问题2选项

A.thereisamismatchbetweenourunderstandingandreality

B.thebookTheLimitstoGrowthisvaluable

C.thereisaneedtoconductasurveyandcorrectthefigures

D.economicgrowthcanhelpalleviateenvironmentproblems

问题3选项

A.theneedtoproduceresults

B.thelackoffinancialsupport

C.theproblemofscientificresearch

D.thedesiretosolveallproblems

问题4选项

A.influentialthemassmediacanbe

B.effectiveenvironmentalmovementscanbe

C.themassmediacanhelpenvironmentalgroupsraisefunds

D.environmentalactivistscanexaggeratetheirclaims

问题5选项

A.ItwillgetworseasAmerica'spopulationincreases

B.Itisnotasseriousashasbeenassumedtobe

C.Itiscausedbypoorpeople'sconception

D.ItisignoredbecauseUSAislargeinsize

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文第一段“Theyhavedevelopedahit-listofourmainfears:thatnaturalresourcesarerunningout,thatthepopulationisevergrowing,leavinglessandlesstoeat;thatspeciesarebecomingextinctinvastnumbers,andthattheplanet'sairandwaterarebecomingevermorepolluted.”中文翻译为：他们列出了我们主要担心的一系列问题：自然资源正在枯竭，人口不断增长，留下越来越少的食物；物种正在大量地灭绝，地球的空气和水正变得越来越污染。因此答案为B选项：环境问题涉及很多方面。

2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段中“Andfinally,mostformsofenvironmentalpollutioneitherappeartohavebeenexaggerated,oraretransient—associatedwiththeearlyphasesofindustrializationandthereforebestcurednotbyrestrictingeconomicgrowth,butbyacceleratingit.”中文翻译为：最后，大多数形式的环境污染要么是被夸大了，要么是暂时的——与工业化的早期阶段有关，因此最好的解决办法不是限制经济增长，而是加速经济增长。可知D项“经济增长有助于缓解环境问题”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段“Oneisthelopsidednessbuiltintoscientificresearch.Scientificfundinggoesmainlytoareaswithmanyproblems.Thatmaybeawisepolicy,butitwillalsocreateanimpressionthatmanymorepotentialproblemsexistthanisthecase.”中文翻译为：一是科学研究固有的不平衡。科学基金主要用于有很多问题的领域。这或许是一项明智的政策，但它也会给人留下这样一种印象，即存在的潜在问题要比实际情况多得多。因此，C选项“科学研究问题”最符合题意。

4.推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第五段“Secondly,environmentalgroupsneedtobenoticedbythemassmedia.Theyalsoneedtokeepthemoneyrollingin.Understandably,perhaps,theysometimesoverstatetheirarguments.In1997,forexample,theWorldWideFundforNatureissuedapressreleaseentitled:"Twothirdsoftheworld'sforestslostforever".Thetruthturnsouttobenearer20%.”，中文翻译为：其次，环保组织需要被大众媒体关注。他们还需要让资金源源不断地流入。或许可以理解，他们有时会夸大自己的论点。例如，1997年，世界自然基金会发表了一份题为“世界森林的三分之二永远消失”的新闻稿。事实是接近20%。

故D选项“环保人士可能会夸大他们的说法”最符合题意。

5.推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到尾段“Thethirdfactorispoorindividualperception.Peopleworrythattheendlessriseintheamountofstuffeveryonethrowsawaywillcausetheworldtorunoutofplacestodisposeofwaste.Yet,evenifAmerica'strashoutputcontinuestoriseasithasdoneinthepast,andeveniftheAmericanpopulationdoublesby2100,alltherubbishAmericaproducesthroughtheentire21stcenturywillstilltakeuponlyone-12,000thoftheareaoftheentireUnitedStates.”中文翻译为：第三个因素是个体知觉差。人们担心，每个人都扔掉的东西的数量无止境的增加，将导致世界耗尽处理垃圾的地方。然而，即使美国的垃圾产量像过去一样继续增长，即使美国人口到2100年翻一番，美国在整个21世纪所产生的垃圾仍只占美国国土面积的1/12000。可以得知B项“它不像人们认为的那样严重”最符合。

18.单选题

Thevolcanogavewarningthatitwouldsoonpop:smallearthquakesshudderedbeneathitssurfaceonSeptember23.

问题1选项

A.sank

B.sent

C.erupted

D.shook

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项sank“沉陷”；B选项sent“送，寄出”；C选项erupted“爆发；长出”；D选项shook“摇动”。句意：火山发出警告说它很快就会爆发：9月23日，它的地表下发生了小地震。结合此处关键词earthquakes（地震）可排除B、C选项，A选项sank（沉陷）也与地震不匹配，因此得知D选项正确。

19.单选题

TheHauntedAmericaCountriesarelikelittlehomes;theyhouseanation,holdideologiesandprovidesshelterandcomforttoitspeopleinhopesthattheoccupantswillnurturebetterideasforthemselvesandfurtherflourishhumanity.Suchareprimarydesiresandgoalsofmostcountriesonthissmallplanet.

Americaisnoexception.Fordecades,billionsofpeoplearoundtheworldsleptatnightonemptystomachsamidstdreadfulcircumstances,oftendreamingofthefreedomsandlibertiesofAmerica,whichtheylikenedtoagreatland,aparadiseandafinaldestinationpoint.

ThebestandbrightestoftheworldgravitatedtothegreatUSAinsearchofgoldenopportunities;inhordestheycame,andenmassetheysettleD.Americabecamethenationwhichacknowledgedgreatnessandprovidedthedrivingforcetoallowthedreamsofsmall,ordinarypeopletotakeformandflourish.Freefromrestrictions,allowinggrandexpressionswithextraordinaryliberties,thatnoothernationinthehistoryofmankindhasbeenabletomatchatsuchagrandscale.

Butcurrently,itseemsthatthishomeoftheAmericannationhasstartedtoresemblethatoldmansion,elegantlypristine（质朴的）butknowntobehaunted,sittingattheendofthatdead-endstreetwhereghosts,mysteriousapparitions（幽灵）andunexplainablesignshaveemergeD.Thisplanet,likeanoldstreet,isalreadyfullofsuchhauntedhouses,whichattimesseemabandoned,lifelessandunabletogiveorreceiveneighborlywarmth;factorssocriticalforanycountryontheglobalscene.

CanthisbadlydamagedimageofAmericabefixedtodayandbywhomandatwhatcost?Whatmustitinclude—anewcostume,anewmaskoranewheart?Theseareveryimportantunderlyingquestions,butthebiggestquestionremains—cananentirecountrybebrandedtotherestoftheworldinthesamefashionasabreakfastcerealorlaundrydetergent?

Theanswerisaflatno.Onlythebranding-circuswouldcomeupwithsuchafake,superficial,logo-centric-slogan-happyattempttorebuildanationpaintedwithbannersandbillboards.Inreality,countriescannotbebrandedinsuchasimpleprocessfromthepast,becausenationsarealreadybrandedoverdecadesandcenturiesbytheirhistoriesandculturalinteractionsandexportableidentities.

1.Americausedtobethoughtofas___.

2.Americaisnowlikenedto___.

3.Thewritersuggeststhat___.

4.Accordingtothepassagethat___isNOTtrue.

5.Themainrhetoricaldeviceofthispassageis___.

问题1选项

A.aparadisewithoutautocraticruling

B.aplaceofperfecthappiness

C.alandofmarvelouschances

D.alloftheabove

问题2选项

A.anelegantandplainhouse

B.anolddead-endstreet

C.anoldhauntedmansion

D.anabandonedandlifelessplanet

问题3选项

A.costumeandhearthavethesamefunction

B.laundrydetergentsharesthefashionofthecountry'sbrand

C.historyestablishesabrandforitscountry

D.logoandsloganplayakeyroleinshapingacountry

问题4选项

A.acountryshoulddevelopbetterpolitically

B.depressedpeopleintheworldyearnedforAmerica

C.therearemanyhauntedhousesinAmerica

D.Americacannotbeidentifiedwithitstradition

问题5选项

A.simileandmetaphor

B.parallelism

C.echo-question

D.description

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文第二段“Fordecades,billionsofpeoplearoundtheworldsleptatnightonemptystomachsamidstdreadfulcircumstances,oftendreamingofthefreedomsandlibertiesofAmerica,which