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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-福建师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题
Iamafraidthatyouhavetoalteryour(
)viewsinlightofthetragicnewsthathasjustarrived.
问题1选项
A.distressing
B.optimistic
C.indifferent
D.pessimistic
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。distressing意为“使人痛苦的,令人苦恼的”;optimistic意为“乐观的,乐观主义的”;indifferent意为“漠不关心的”;pessimistic意为“悲观的,厌世的”。
句意:鉴于刚刚传来的悲惨消息,我恐怕你要你改变你乐观的想法了。
2.问答题
Everypaperandmagazinewere(A)lyingwait(B)with(C)exhaustivestoriesabouttheroyalsplit(D)betweentheprinceandprincessofWales.
【答案】试题答案:B;inwait
【解析】考查谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词were,因此用inwait(伺机)。
3.单选题
Theyfearitcouldhavea(an)(
)effectonglobalfinancialmarkets.
问题1选项
A.sizeable
B.adverse
C.beneficial
D.consequential
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。sizeable意为“相当大的”;adverse意为“不利的,有害的”;beneficial意为“有利的,有益的”;consequential意为“随之而来的,重要的”。根据主句中的fear(害怕)可知此处应为具有负面含义的词,选B。
句意:他们害怕它会对全球金融市场产生不利的影响。
4.单选题
Manysoldiershavetoremindthemselveswhentheyreturnhomenottouse(
)ofthebarracks.
问题1选项
A.vulgar
B.gross
C.rough
D.coarse
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。vulgar意为“庸俗的,粗俗的”;gross意为“不雅的,恶俗的”;rough意为“(态度)粗暴”;coarse意为“粗鲁无礼的”。A、C、D选项一般表示行为,举止粗俗,此处表示使用的语言,gross表示语言的粗鲁不雅,因此选B。
句意:许多士兵在回家时必须提醒自己不使用军营里粗鲁的语言。
5.单选题
Themanagingdirectortookthe(
)fortheaccident,althoughitwasnotreallyhisfault.
问题1选项
A.guilt
B.charge
C.blame
D.accusation
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。guilt意为“有罪,犯罪行为”;charge意为“收费,指控”;blame意为“(坏事或错事的)责任,责备”,taketheblamefor意为“承担……的责任”;accusation意为“指责,谴责”。
句意:总经理承担了事故的责任,尽管并不真的是他的错。
6.单选题
Peoplecannotbut(
)puzzled,fortheysimplycannotunderstandhowhecouldhavemadesuchastupidmistake.
问题1选项
A.feel
B.feeling
C.tofeel
D.havingfelt
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定句型。cannotbutdosth.意为“不得不做某事,禁不住做某事”,but后面接动词原形,因此选A。
句意:人们情不自禁地感到困惑,因为他们根本无法理解他怎么会犯这样一个愚蠢的错误。
7.问答题
Wearewillingto(A)sharewhatever(B)weknow,nomatterhowitmightbelittle(C),withanyonewhoisinneedofthat(D)knowledgeorskill.
【答案】试题答案:C;howlittleitmightbe
【解析】考查词序。nomatterhow表示“无论如何”,引导让步状语从句,nomatterhow后面接形容词或副词+句子。
8.单选题
ProfessorKumarBhatt,founderandheadofWarwickManufacturingGroup(WMC),andRob
MeakinapersonneldirectoratMarconi,havedevelopedapartnershiptotrainengineersandmanagerstobecomeeliterate.TheNewKnowledgePartnershipwillincludeateamof40MarconimanagersinwhatProfessorBhattcallselectronicengineeringmanagementorE2.Awiderangeofengineeringandnon-engineeringcompanieshasexpressedinterestintheseexcitingprograms,professorBhattbelievesthate-commerceischangingthebusinessenvironmenttoahugeextent.Manychiefexecutivesdonotunderstandthepowerofthenewtechnologiesandinsomecases,areactuallyresistingchange.Hesaysthat“aslongasenoughindustryleadersrealizeitspotentialbenefits,e-businesswillmakepossibleasecondproductivityrevolutioninBritain.Thiscouldtaketheeconomyclosetoeliminatingthestillsubstantialcompetitivenessgapwithitsmainrivals.OverthelastfiveyearsintheUStherehasbeena30%improvementinmanufacturingsectorproductivitybecauseofinformationtechnology.InBritainwecanachievemorethanthatandsuccessfule-businesswillbeworthbillionstotheUKeconomy.”
AlreadyBritainmakesmoreuseofcomputer-aideddesignandmanufacture(CAD/CAM)andmanagementinformationtechnologysystemthanotherEuropeancountries,andhasagovernmentthatactivelypromotese-business.But,observesProfessorBhatt,Britainhasneverusedtechnologyasagrowthdriver.“Thethingaboutelectronicengineeringmanagementisthatyoucankeepyourlegacysystems;youjustneedtolinkthosesystemswithaninformationengine.Atthetouchofabuttonitwillallowprojectmanagerstoseethestatusofaproject,identifyproblemspreciselyandmakevirtuallyimmediatedecisionsbasedoninformationthatwillbemuchmorecompletethaninthepast.”
TheE2programistheresultofanalliancebytheWarwickManufacturingGroupwithAmerica’sleadinge-commercestudycenter,CarnegieMellon.ThelatterwillberesponsiblefortrainingmanyoftheMarconimanagersinAmerica,wherethegrouphashalfitsbusiness.InBritain.ProfessorBhatthaslinkedupwithSunMicrosystems,OracleandParametricTechnology,tosetupamulti-millionpoundE2designandmanufacturingcenterattheuniversitywhichwillbeusedfortrainingandresearch.
ProfessorBhattbelievesthate-commerceischangingbusinesstosuchanextentthatWMGislikelytoberenamedWarwickElectronicManufacturingGroup.But,hewarns:“Themovetoglobalizebecauseofe-commerceisracingahead.AlthoughthenetallowsBritishindustrytoovertaketheirEuropeanpeers,italsooffersAsiancountriestoleapfrogtheWest.ForthefirsttimeitisnottheprivilegeoftheWesternworldbecausethistechnologyisuniversal.”
1.WhatisthepurposeofE2course?
2.WhydoesBhattsaythat"e-businesswillmakepossibleasecondproductivityrevolutioninBritain"?
3.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoyouknowaboute-businessinBritain?
4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?
5.Accordingtothatlastpassage,whatisBhatt’sattitudetowardse-commerce?
问题1选项
A.Teachelectronicengineeringmanagement.
B.Trainengineersandmanagerstobeacquaintedwithe-commerce.
C.Trainengineersandmanagerstobeengineersandmanagers.
D.Teachengineersandmanagersaboutdevelopingpartnership.
问题2选项
A.Becausemanybusinessleadershaveshowntheirinterestinthis.
B.Becauseitcanstrengthenthecompanies’competitiveness.
C.Becausemorepeoplewilllearne-commercestyle.
D.Becausenewinformationtechnologiescangreatlyimproveindustrialproductivity.
问题3选项
A.E-businesshaseliminatedmanycompetitiverivals.
B.E-businesshasdonemanybenefitstobigcompanies
C.ManycompanieshavejoinedintheE-businessprogram.
D.E-businesshasgreatpotentialandwillmakechangesinthecountry.
问题4选项
A.BritaincanbecompetitivetoUSintheareaofinformationtechnology.
B.Britainhasalreadytakentheadvantagesofrunningengineeringmanagement.
C.AswithmanyotherEuropeancountries,Britainhasmadeuseofcomputer-aidedsystems.
D.E-businesshasofferedopportunitiestoEuropeancountriestoeliminatethecompetitivenessgapwithalltherivals.
问题5选项
A.HethinksitasapreciseopportunityonlytoBritain.
B.Hethinksthatitisnotasagoodopportunityaspeoplethink.
C.HethinksitisnotonlygoodforBritainbutalsoapreciseopportunityforothercountries.
D.Hedoesnotconsideritagoodopportunityinthelongrun.
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:B
第3题:D
第4题:A
第5题:C
【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的havedevelopedapartnershiptotrainengineersandmanagerstobecomeeliterate(建立了合作伙伴关系,培训工程师和管理人员成为精英)可知D选项“教工程师和经理如何发展伙伴关系”符合题意。
2.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的e-businesswillmakepossibleasecondproductivityrevolutioninBritain.Thiscouldtaketheeconomyclosetoeliminatingthestillsubstantialcompetitivenessgapwithitsmainrivals.(电子商务将使英国的第二次生产力革命成为可能。这可能会使经济接近消除与主要竞争对手的巨大竞争力差距)可知B选项“因为它可以增强企业的竞争力”符合题意。
3.推理判断题。由文章第二段中的Britainhasneverusedtechnologyasagrowthdriver.(英国从未将科技作为经济增长的动力)可知D选项“电子商务有着巨大的潜力,并将在这个国家发生变化”符合题意。
4.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的OverthelastfiveyearsintheUStherehasbeena30%improvementinmanufacturingsectorproductivitybecauseofinformationtechnology.InBritainwecanachievemorethanthatandsuccessfule-businesswillbeworthbillionstotheUKeconomy.(在过去五年中,由于信息技术,美国制造业的生产率提高了30%。在英国,我们可以取得更多成就,成功的电子商务将对英国经济带来数十亿美元的收益)可知A选项“在信息技术领域,英国可以比美国更有竞争力”符合题意。
5.观点态度题。由文章最后一段中的Themovetoglobalizebecauseofecommerceisracingahead.AlthoughthenetallowsBritishindustrytoovertaketheirEuropeanpeers,italsooffersAsiancountriestoleapfrogtheWest.ForthefirsttimeitisnottheprivilegeoftheWesternworldbecausethistechnologyisuniversal.(由于电子商务而走向全球化的步伐正在加快。尽管网络允许英国工业超越欧洲同行,但它也为亚洲国家提供了超越西方的机会。这是第一次它不是西方世界的特权,因为这项技术是普遍的)可知C选项“他认为这不仅对英国有利,而且对其他国家来说也是一个确切的机会”正确。
9.单选题
Peter'sbodytemperaturehasbeen(
)foraweek,thehighestpointreaching39.5degreecentigrade.
问题1选项
A.abnormal
B.disordered
C.uncommon
D.extraordinary
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。abnormal意为“反常的,异常的”;disordered意为“混乱的”;uncommon意为“不常有的,罕见的”;extraordinary意为“非凡的”。
句意:彼得的体温不正常已经持续一周了,最高温度达到39.5度。
10.单选题
Idon’tthinkthebuildingwaswell(
)andconstructed.
问题1选项
A.deceived
B.perceived
C.conceived
D.achieved
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。deceive意为“欺诈”;perceive意为“意识到,察觉到”;conceive意为“想出,构想,设想”;achieve意为“取得”。
句意:我觉得这栋建筑构思不太巧妙,也修建得不太好。
11.单选题
Willallthose(
)theproposalraisetheirhands?
问题1选项
A.inrelationto
B.inexcessto
C.incontrastto
D.infavorof
【答案】D
【解析】考查词组辨析。inrelationto意为“与……相关”;inexcessto意为“超过”;incontrastto意为“与……对比鲜明,相比之下”;infavorof意为“赞成,支持”。
句意:支持这个提议的所有这些人都会举手吗?
12.单选题
Heknowslittleofmathematics,and(
)ofchemistry.
问题1选项
A.evenmore
B.stillless
C.noless
D.stillmore
【答案】B
【解析】考查比较级。even,still修饰表示级,意为“更……”,little的比较级为less,因此选B。
句意:他数学懂得很少,化学懂得更少了。
13.单选题
Hewassomeanthathecouldn’tbearto(
)thesmallestsumofmoneyforthecharityappeal.
问题1选项
A.partwith
B.givein
C.payoff
D.letout
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。partwith意为“放弃,失去,割舍”;givein意为“屈服”;payoff意为“付清”;letout意为“出租,放出,发出”。
句意:他如此吝啬以至于不能忍受为慈善割舍一点点钱。
14.单选题
Theschoolpromisedtomakeclassessmallerandoffermoreindividualized(
).
问题1选项
A.obligation
B.conviction
C.instruction
D.presentation
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。obligation意为“义务,责任”;conviction意为“定罪,深信”;instruction意为“授课”;presentation意为“提交,报告”。
句意:学校承诺将班级缩小,并提供更加个性化的授课。
15.单选题
Theyconsideritquestionablethatthesedefense-linkedresearchprojectswillaccountforanimprovementinthestandardoflivingor,(
),domuchtoprotectourdiminishingresources.
问题1选项
A.incidentally
B.actually
C.alternatively
D.accordingly
【答案】C
【解析】考查副词辨析。incidentally意为“偶然,附带地”;actually意为“实际上”;alternatively意为“(引出第二种选择或可能的建议)要不,或者”;accordingly意为“因此,于是”。
句意:他们认为这些与国防有关的研究项目是否能提高人们的生活水平或者能保护我们日益减少的资源是值得怀疑的。
16.单选题
Theseniorlibrarianatthecirculationdeskpromisedtogetthebookforme(
)shecouldrememberwholastborrowedit.
问题1选项
A.eversince
B.muchas
C.eventhough
D.ifonly
【答案】D
【解析】考查词组辨析。eversince意为“自从”;muchas意为“尽管,虽然”;eventhough意为“即使,纵然”;ifonly意为“只要”。
句意:那个在借记台的年长的图书管理员答应我,只要她记得谁最后借了这本书,就会把书给我。
17.单选题
Althoughcatscannotseeincompletedarkness,theireyesaremuchmore(
)tolightthanhumaneyes
问题1选项
A.glowing
B.brilliant
C.sensitive
D.gloomy
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。glowing意为“灼热的,灼炽的”;brilliant意为“明亮的”;sensitive意为“敏感的”;gloomy意为“黑暗的,阴暗的”。
句意:尽管猫在完全黑暗中看不见,但它们的眼睛比人类的眼睛对光要敏感得多。
18.问答题
Hearguesthathewouldnotwant(A)hischildrenhavetosuffer(B)hardshipornotbe(C)sociallyacceptablebecauseoflackofmoney(D).
【答案】试题答案:B;tohavetosuffer
【解析】考查固定句型。wantsb.todosth.为固定搭配,意为“想要某人做某事”。
19.单选题
Manypeoplethinkofdesertsas(
)regions,butnumerousspeciesofplantsandanimalshaveadaptedtolifethere.
问题1选项
A.barren
B.void
C.virgin
D.wretched
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。barren意为“贫瘠的,荒凉的,不毛的”;void意为“无效的,空的”;virgin意为“未开发的,原始状态的”;wretched意为“不幸的,悲惨的”。
句意:许多人认为沙漠是不毛之地,但许多动植物已经适应了那里的生活。
20.单选题
I'msorry(
)solong,forgottotellyouinadvancewhereIhadputmykey.
问题1选项
A.tokeepyouwait
B.tokeepyouwaiting
C.tokeepyouwaited
D.tohavekeptyouwaiting
【答案】D
【解析】考查不定式。动词不定式的完成时的结构为:tohavedone(表示动作已完成),句中“wait”这个动作已完成,keepsb.doingsth.意为“让某人一直做某事”。
句意:很抱歉让你久等了,忘了事先告诉你我把钥匙放在哪儿了。
21.单选题
Whatimpactcanmobilephoneshaveontheirusers’health?Manypeopleareworriedaboutthesupposedilleffectscausedby(1)fromhandsetsandbasestations,despitethelackof
(2)
evidenceofanyharm.Butevidenceforthe
(3)
effectsofmobilephonesonhealthisrathermoreabundant.Indeed,asystematicreview
(4)
byRifatAtunandhiscolleaguesatImperialCollege,London,roundsup150examplesoftheuseoftext-messaginginthe
(5)
ofhealthcare.Theseuses
(6)
threecategories:efficiencygains;public-healthgains;anddirectbenefitstopatientsby
(7)
text-messagingintotreatmentregimes.Thestudy,
(8)
byVodafone,theworld'slargestmobileoperator,waspublishedthisweek.
Usingtextingto
(9)
efficiencyisnotrocketscience,butbigsavingscanbeachieved.Several
(10)
carriedoutinEnglandhavefoundthattheuseoftext-messagingreminders
(11)
thenumberofmissedappointmentswithfamilydoctorsby26-39%,forexample,andthenumberofmissedhospitalappointments
(12)
33-50%.Ifsuchschemeswererolledoutnationally,thiswould
(13)
annualsavingsofabout256m-364m.
Textmessagesarealsobeingusedto
(14)
patientsaboutbloodtests,clinics,scansanddentalappointments.SimilarschemesinAmerica,NorwayandSwedenhavehad
(15)
satisfyingresults―thoughtheuseoftext-messageremindersintheNetherlands,wherenon-attendanceratesarelow,at4%,hadnoeffectotherthantoannoypatients.
Textmessagescanalsobeagoodwaytodisseminatepublic-healthinformation,
(16)
togroupswhoarehardtoreachbyothermeans,suchasteenagers,orindevelopingcountrieswhereothermeansofcommunicationare
(17)
.TextmessageshavebeenusedinIndiatoinformpeopleabouttheWorldHealthOrganization'sstrategytocontroltuberculosis,forexample,andinKenya,NigeriaandMalltoprovideinformationaboutHIVandmalaria.InIraq,textmessageswereusedtosupportacampaigntovaccinatenearly5mchildrenagainstpolio.
Finally,therearetheusesoftext-messagingaspartofatreatmentregime.Theseinvolvesendingreminderstopatientstotaketheirmedicineatthefighttime,ortoencourage
(18)
withexerciseregimesoreffortstostopsmoking.Theevidencefortheeffectivenessofsuchschemesisgenerallyanecdotal,however,notesDr.Rifat.Morequantitativeresearchisneeded—whichis
(19)
histeamalsopublishedthreepapersthisweekassociatedwiththeuseofmobilephonesinhealthcareinmoredetail.Oneofthesepapers,written
(20)VictoriaFranklinandStephenGreeneoftheUniversityofDundee,inScotland,reportstheresultsofatrialinwhichdiabeticteenagers’treatmentwascarriedoutwithtextmessaging.
问题1选项
A.radiation
B.ration
C.mediation
D.magnetism
问题2选项
A.incredible
B.credible
C.credulous
D.fabulous
问题3选项
A.beneficiary
B.profitable
C.beneficent
D.beneficial
问题4选项
A.werecarriedout
B.arecarriedout
C.carriedout
D.arebeingcarriedout
问题5选项
A.delivery
B.post
C.transportation
D.circulation
问题6选项
A.fallinto
B.falleninto
C.arefalleninto
D.fallinginto
问题7选项
A.incorporation
B.incorporated
C.incorporating
D.incorporate
问题8选项
A.paid
B.funded
C.made
D.given
问题9选项
A.stimulate
B.boost
C.correct
D.reduce
问题10选项
A.efforts
B.trying
C.trials
D.attempts
问题11选项
A.increases
B.improves
C.reduces
D.deduces
问题12选项
A.by
B.at
C.to
D.for
问题13选项
A.addup
B.accustomto
C.cometo
D.contributeto
问题14选项
A.reminding
B.remind
C.bereminded
D.reminder
问题15选项
A.fairly
B.considerably
C.comparatively
D.equally
问题16选项
A.largely
B.slightly
C.specially
D.particularly
问题17选项
A.available
B.unavailable
C.accessible
D.unaccessible
问题18选项
A.denial
B.refusal
C.compliance
D.complexity
问题19选项
A.why
B.because
C.when
D.how
问题20选项
A.inthecompanyof
B.incomparisonwith
C.incontrastwith
D.inconjunctionwith
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:B
第3题:D
第4题:C
第5题:A
第6题:A
第7题:C
第8题:B
第9题:B
第10题:C
第11题:C
第12题:A
第13题:C
第14题:B
第15题:D
第16题:D
第17题:B
第18题:C
第19题:A
第20题:D
【解析】(1)考查名词辨析。radiation意为“辐射”;ration意为“配给量,定量”;mediation意为“调停,调解”;magnetism意为“磁性,磁力”。此处表示“来自手机与基站的辐射”,因此选A。
(2)考查形容词辨析。incredible意为“不可思议的”;credible意为“可靠的,可信的”;credulous意为“轻信的,易受骗的”;fabulous意为“极好的,极妙的”。此处表示“尽管缺乏可靠的证据表明有任何伤害”,因此选B。
(3)考查形容词辨析。beneficiary意为“受封的,臣服的”;profitable意为“有益的,有利可图的”,主要指在金钱方面有利可图的;beneficent意为“行善的,慈善的”;beneficial意为“有利的,有益的”,指对健康、身心或事业有益。此处表示“手机对健康的有益证据”,因此选D。
(4)考查分词作定语。carryout意为“实施,执行,进行”,carryout是主语asystematicreview(系统性调查)的承受者,再根据空格后面的by,可知此处表示被动关系,故用carryout的过去分词,因此选C。
(5)考查名词辨析。delivery意为“传送,递送”;post意为“邮政,邮递”;transportation意为“运送,运输”;circulation意为“流通”。此处表示“提供医疗保健”,因此选A。
(6)考查谓语动词。分析句子结构,主语为Theseuses,宾语为threecategories,缺少谓语,B、D选项为现在分词,是非谓语动词,故排除;此处表示“短信的用途分为三种”,不需要用被动语态,故排除C选项,因此选A。
(7)考查介词用法。incorporate意为“将……包括在内,包含”。空格前的by为介词,介词后面接动名词,因此选C。
(8)考查动词辨析。pay意为“付款,支付”;fund意为“为……提供资金,拨款给”;make意为“做,制造”;give意为“给”。此处表示“这项研究由Vodafone资助”,因此选B。
(9)考查动词辨析。stimulate意为“刺激”;boost意为“促进,提高”;correct意为“改正,纠正”;reduce意为“减少”。此处表示“使用短信提高效率”,因此选B。
(10)考查词义辨析。effort意为“努力,尝试”;trying意为“试图,想要”;trial意为“(对能力、质量、性能等的)试验,测试”;attempt意为“企图,试图”。此处表示“在英国进行的几次测试发现”,因此选C。
(11)考查动词辨析。increase意为“增加,增大”;improve意为“提高”;reduce意为“减少”;deduce意为“推论,推断”。此处表示“减少26-39%的人错过与家庭医生的预约”,因此选C。
(12)考查介词辨析。此处的andthenumberofmissedhospitalappointments3233-50%与前面的thenumberofmissedappointmentswithfamilydoctorsby26-39%为并列关系,因此也用by,表示相差的程度。
(13)考查词组辨析。addup意为“相加,加起来”;accustomto意为“适应,习惯于”;cometo意为“涉及,共计,苏醒”;contributeto意为“帮助,贡献”。此处表示“每年将节省共计约256万至364万英镑”,因此选C。
(14)考查动词不定式。remind意为“提醒,使想起”,空格前面的to为不定式,后面接动词原形,因此选B。
(15)考查副词辨析。fairly意为“适当,相当地”;considerably意为“相当,非常”;comparatively意为“比较上,相对地”;equally意为“平等地,同样地,相等地”。此处表示“在美国、挪威和瑞典的类似计划,取得了令人同样地满意的结果”,因此选D。
(16)考查副词辨析。largely意为“在很大程度上,主要地”;slightly意为“轻微地,轻轻地”;specially意为“特别地”,指事物特有的性质、性格或专门的目的、用途;particularly意为“尤其,特别”,指与同类事物不同的个别事物。此处表示“尤其是传播给那些其他方式难以接触的人群”,因此选D。
(17)考查形容词辨析。available意为“可获得的”;unavailable意为“难以获得的,不能利用的”;accessible意为“易接近的”;unaccessible意为“难以接近的”。此处表示“或者在没有其他通信手段的发展中国家”,因此选B。
(18)考查名词辨析。denial意为“否认,否定”;refusal意为“拒绝”;compliance意为“顺从,遵从”;complexity意为“复杂性,难以理解的局势”。此处表示“鼓励患者遵守锻炼计划”,因此选C。
(19)考查逻辑关系。此处表示“这就是为什么”,因此选A。
(20)考查词组辨析。inthecompanyof意为“在……的陪同下”;incomparisonwith意为“与……相比,与……比较而言”;incontrastwith意为“与……相比,对照”;inconjunctionwith意为“与……共同,连同,与……协力”。此处表示“VictoriaFranklin和StephenGreene共同完成”,因此选D。
22.单选题
Ijustmanagedto(
)aquickbreathbeforeIwassuckedunderthewaterbythepassingboat.
问题1选项
A.snatch
B.scratch
C.scrape
D.scan
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。snatch意为“夺去,抢走,抓紧时间做,趁机获得”;scratch意为“挠,,划破,抓破”;scrape意为“刮掉,削去,擦坏”;scan意为“细看,浏览,扫描”。
句意:在我被那艘过往的船吸到水里之前,我设法赶紧快速地吸了口气。
23.单选题
Heisholdinga(
)positioninthecompanyandexpectstobepromotedsoon.
问题1选项
A.successive
B.succeeding
C.subordinate
D.subsequent
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。successive意为“连续的,相继的”;succeeding意为“以后的,随后的”;subordinate意为“级别或职位较低的”;subsequent意为“后来的”。
句意:他在公司正处于一个低级的职位,他期望能很快晋升。
24.单选题
Iphonedhimthismorning,butwhenIsaidwhoIwas,he(
).
问题1选项
A.rangup
B.hungup
C.shutdown
D.shutup
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。ringup意为“打电话”;hangup意为“挂断电话”;shutdown意为“关闭,停业”;shutup意为“安静,闭嘴”。
句意:我今天早上给他打了电话,但当我告诉他我是谁时,他挂断了电话。
25.单选题
1.BurtonFeldman,authorofTheNobelPrize:AHistoryofGenius,Controversy,andPrestige,exploresthreesignificantquestionsabouttheNobelPrizes.Thefirstiswhytheybecamesofamousandinfluential.Today,aNobellaureateisgrantedbothapriestlyauraandrealpowers.Perhapsmostpervasivelyinthesciences,laureatesshapefieldsandthepublicperceptionofthem.Likeeverythingthatinspirespublicaweandjealousy,theNobelsawakentheimpsofsatire,notablyintheyearlyanointingoftheIgnobelPrizes.Inpart,theamountofmoneytheprizecarries(about$910,000in2000)matters;cashvalueblurseasilyintocachet.LearningfromtheNobel,newerprizesthatwantvisibilityandprestigeoftenwritebigcheckstothewinners.Severalearlywinners,especiallyMarieCurie,thepoorstudentwhosufferedbuttriumphedforscience,cameequippedwithcompelling,media-friendlystories.Oncefamous,theprizes,liketheOscars,garneredpublicityeachyearsimplybecausetheywerethere.Aisc,asMr.Feldmanrightlysuggests,weneedabridgebetween“esotericknowledge,highintellectualachievementandthemarketplace.”Wecannotunderstandexactlywhatalaureatedidthatissomagnificent,butwecanunderstandtheNobelstampofapproval,thebrandname.AsMr.Feldmanwrites,“Wherecomprehensionfails,celebrityfillsin.”Wetrustthat“Nobelity”computeswithnobility.
2.Thetruebelieverwouldassertthatwerespect,evenrevere,theNobelPrizebecausethewinnerspatentlyandintrinsicallydeserveit.Merithastriumphedoverthemundaneandmediocre.Mr.Feldman’ssecondquestioniswhetherithas.Lotsoflobbyinggoeson;giventhestakes,thepolitickingcangetrelentless.Itis,however,onlyonefeatureofaselectionprocessthatisbothcompetitiveandstandardizedenoughtoproduceawinningNobelprofile.Mr.FeldmansardonicallyofferspracticaladvicetoaNobelwannabe:TrytoliveinBritain,theUnitedStatesorGermany;gotoaneliteschool;haveagoodmentor,beintherightplace;workhardattherightproblem;winotherprizes;livealongtime,(Thereisoftenatime-lagbetweenachievementandNobelrecognition—16yearsinthecaseofEinstein.In1948,whenT.S.Eliotwasrecognized,hewas60yearsoldandstoopedwithhonors.)
3.TheNobelblundersarepublicknowledge.Themanwhopioneeredpre-frontallobotomiessuccessfullyangledforaNobel;DmitriMendeleev,whoinventedtheperiodictableoftheelements,wasneveralaureate.Fordecades,atomicphysicswaspreferredtoastrophysicsandgeophysics.Onecouldlistfurtherexamples—buteveryprizecompetitionmakeserrorsofcommissionandomission.
4.ThethirdquestionthatMr.Feldmanexploresiswhymistakeshappen,eveninthishonorablecompetition.TheNobels,likeallbutthemostflexibleandidiosyncraticofprizecompetitions,mustworkwithinguidelinesandparameters.Theymayultimatelyconstrictit—likeplaqueinanartery.ThetermsofNobel’swillmayhavehelpedtodeformtheliteratureawardsbydemandingworkof“anidealistictendency”.Ingeneral,theprizeshaveunderwrittenthemisleadingmythofthetoweringgeniuswhosesolitaryworkwouldeventuallyhelpmany.Thisstressontheheroicindividualmaysoonerorlaterconflictwiththenatureofcontemporaryscience,inwhichmajorworkisdonebyteams—scoresorhundredsoreventhousandsofpeople.
5.Thegenius-dubbingbusinessisneveranybetterthanitsselectionprocess.Thenamesthatsurvivetheprocesscanbenomorecompellingthanthenamessubmitted:garbagein,garbageout,croniesandprotegesin,croniesandprotegesout.(Thisyear’slaureateinliterature,GaoXingjian,hasashistranslatorandbenefactoroneofthe18membersoftheSwedishAcademythetinygroupchargedwithchoosingthewinner)Aisc,peopleintheselectionprocesscanbeatoncemanipulativeandpolitical(whichcorrodesfairness),andconvincedoftheirowngoodfaithandrectitude(whichblindsthemtotheirownweaknessesandthoseoftheirculture).SecrecyasstrictasthatwhichcloakstheNobelPrizecanhinderfresh,correctivecriticism.
6.Mr.Feldman’sconclusionsabouttheNobelsaremeasured,moderateandplausible.Thescienceprizesemergewiththebestrecord;literature,althoughithasbecomemoreadventurousandlessparochial,hasbeenmixed;peace,themostovertlypolitical,reflectsconflictsaboutitspurpose;andeconomicsisthemostinsular,questionedbyseveralofitsmostprominentlaureatestoMr.Feldman’sovertscorn.Onbalance,hebelievesthattheprizesare“healthier”thantheywereacenturyago;a“desperatelyneededsymbolofauthorityandcoherenceinanagewhenallstandardsareunderattack”;andastimulusforourcapacitytowonderatgreatness.
1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingisoneofthereasonstheNobelbecamesofamousandinfluential?
2.Thesecondparagraphmakesthepointthat(
).
3.AllofthefollowingmayexplainwhytheNobelblundersaremadeEXCEPTthat
(
).
4.AccordingtoMr.Feldman,whichofthefollowingismoreacceptable?
5.Mr.Feldmanwouldmostlikelyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?
问题1选项
A.Itisasymboloffairplay.
B.Ithonorshighintellectualachievement.
C.Itwritesbigchecks.
D.Itattractslotsofcelebrities.
问题2选项
A.Nobelprizesmaynotbeawardedbasedonmerit
B.politickingisthemostimportantfactorintheselectionprocess
C.thereisalackofefficiencyintheselectionprocess
D.it'sbecomingincreasinglydifficultforonetobecomeaNobellaureate
问题3选项
A.theNobelistooflexible
B.theNobelstrictlyfollowstheselectionprinciples
C.theopinionsofthemembersoftheSwedishAcademycanbebiased
D.theselectionprocesslackstransparency
问题4选项
A.Thescienceprizes.
B.Theliteratureprizes.
C.Thepeaceprizes.
D.Theeconomicsprizes.
问题5选项
A.TheNobelismoreimportantthanwerealize.
B.TheNobelshouldbeabolished.
C.TheNobel,thoughnotwithoutitsproblems,isstillnecessary.
D.TheNobelshouldserveasarolemodelforotherprizes.
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:A
第3题:A
第4题:A
第5题:C
【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Inpart,theamountofmoneytheprizecarries(about$910,000in2000)matters;cashvalueblurseasilyintocachet.(在某种程度上,奖金的金额(2000年约为91万美元)很重要;现金价值容易模糊成威望)可知诺贝尔的丰厚奖金使它更声名显赫,因此选C。
2.推理判断题。由文章第二段中的Merithastriumphedoverthemundaneandmediocre.Mr.Feldman'ssecondquestioniswhetherithas.(其功绩超过普通人。Feldman先生的下一个问题就是质疑其真实性)可知A“诺贝尔奖的颁发可能不以功绩为依据”符合题意。
3.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的TheNobels…mustworkwithinguidelinesandparameters.(诺贝尔奖……必须在指导方针和参数范围内工作)可知与B选项“诺贝尔奖严格遵循选择原则”相符;由第五段中的peopleintheselectionprocesscanbeatoncemanipulativeandpolitical(在挑选过程中的人可能同时具有操纵性和政治性)(whichcorrodesfairness它腐蚀了公平),andconvincedoftheirowngoodfaithandrectitude(坚信自己的诚意和正直)(whichblindsthemtotheirownweaknessesandthoseoftheirculture使他们看不到自己的弱点和他们文化的弱点)可知与C选项“瑞典科学院成员的意见可能是有失偏颇的”相符;由第五段中的SecrecyasstrictasthatwhichcloakstheNobelPrizecanhinderfresh,correctivecriticism.(诺贝尔保密性阻碍了新的、纠正性的批评)可知与D选项“甄选过程缺乏透明度”相符;故可排除B、C、D,因此选A。
4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的Thescienceprizesemergewiththebestrecord.(科学奖以最好的成绩出现)可知Feldman先生对科学奖的评价最高,因此选A。
5.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的hebelievesthattheprizesare“healthier”thantheywereacenturyago;a“desperatelyneededsymbolofauthorityandcoherenceinanagewhenallstandardsareunderattack”;andastimulusforourcapacitytowonderatgreatness.(他认为这些奖项比一个世纪前更“健康”;是“在所有标准都受到攻击的时代,迫切需要权威和一致性的象征”;以及刺激我们对伟大事物惊叹不如的能力)可知尽管诺贝尔奖有一些问题,但还是有存在的必要,因此选C。
26.问答题
Iwouldadvise(A)younottopressthematter(B)toohardorbecomeconvincingthat(C)moneydoesnotmatter(D).
【答案】试题答案:C;becomeconvincedthat
【解析】考查固定句型。convince意为“使相信,说服”,一般用于convincesb.that...(使某人相信……),其被动结构为:sb.beconvincedthat...本句为:you...becomeconvincedthat...
27.单选题
Threeyearsago,FrenchentrepreneurGaryCigewashelpingafriendhangamirrorinhiscountryhousewhentheyrealizedtheyneededadrill.Butwheretogetone?Buyingonewouldcost150Euros,ahugewasteconsideringthey
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