2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号28

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Ingeneral,the（

）amountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifthofthetotalforlivingexpenses.

问题1选项

A.acceptable

B.advisable

C.available

D.applicable

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。句意：一般来说，学生在住房上的开支应控制在生活费总额的五分之一以内。根据句意可知，这里指可用的费用，选项B更符合句意。

2.单选题

Britain’shopeofagoldmedalintheOlympicGamessuffered（）yesterday,whenHunterfailedtoqualifyduringpreliminarysession.

问题1选项

A.asevereset-back

B.sharpset-back

C.asevereblown-up

D.sharpblown-up

【答案】A

【解析】set-back阻碍，停止，为名词，前面需加冠词a，排除选项B；blown-up放大的，膨胀的，为形容词，不用冠词a修饰，排除选项C。句意：当Hunter在预赛中未能晋级，英国在奥运会上夺冠的希望昨日遭遇严重挫折。选项A更符合语境。

3.单选题

Notuntilthe1980s（）inBeijingstarttofindwaystopreservehistoricbuildingsfromdestruction.

问题1选项

A.someconcernedcitizens

B.someconcerningcitizens

C.didsomeconcerningcitizens

D.didsomeconcernedcitizens

【答案】D

【解析】Notuntil位于句首应使用倒装。句子表示过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时，借助于助动词did并提前，concerning为介词，也可以看作动名词，表示使担忧，但选项C的表达不符合语法；concerned为形容词，在这里修饰citizens。所以选项D正确。

4.单选题

Evidence,reference,andfootnotesbythethousandtestifytoascrupulousresearcherwhodoesconsiderablejusticetoafullrangeofdifferenttheoreticalandpoliticalpositions.

问题1选项

A.trustworthy

B.intelligent

C.diligent

D.meticulous

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析。scrupulous指小心谨慎的。trustworthy可靠的，可信赖的；intelligent聪明的；diligent用功的，费尽心思的；meticulous小心翼翼的。选项D与划线部分意思最为接近。

5.单选题

Childrenareoften（）sportsatanearlyage.Astheygetolderandstartschooltheyparticipateinsportsasawaybothtomakenewfriendsandbeactive.

问题1选项

A.exposedto

B.spoiledby

C.indulgedin

D.worriedabout

【答案】A

【解析】动词词组辨析。exposedto接触，暴露于;spoiledby被宠坏;indulgedin沉溺于;worriedabout为...…担心。句意：孩子们经常在很小的时候就接触到运动。随着他们长大开始上学，参加体育运动以此来结交新朋友变得活跃。只有A选项符合语境。

6.单选题

TheUnitedStatesisacountrymadeupofmanydifferentraces.Usuallytheyaremixedtogetherandcan’tbetoldfromoneanother.Butmanyofthemstilltalkaboutwheretheirancestorscamefrom.Itissomethingtheyareproudof.

TheoriginalAmericans,ofcourseweretheIndians.Theso-calledwhitemenwhothencameweremostlyfromEngland.ButmanycamefromothercountrieslikeGermanyandFrance.

OneproblemtheUnitedStateshasalwayshadisdiscrimination.AsnewgroupscametotheUnitedStatestheyfoundtheywerediscriminatedagainst.FirstitwastheIrishandItalians.Lateritwastheblacks.Almosteverygrouphasbeenabletofinallyescapethisdiscrimination.Theonlyimmigrantswhohavenotaretheblacks.SurprisinglyenoughtheworstdiscriminationtodayisshowntowardstheIndians.

OnereasontheIndiansarediscriminatedagainstisthattheyhavetriedsohardtokeeptheiridentity.Ofcoursetheyarenottheonlyoneswhohavedoneso.TheJapanesehavetheirLittleTokyoinLosAngelesandtheChineseaChinatowninNewYork.TheDutchsettlementinPennsylvaniaalsostaysseparatefromotherpeople.Theirtownsarelikesomethingfromthe19thcentury.Theyhaveadifferentreasonfromtheothergroupsforstayingseparately.Theyliveseparatelyforreligiousreasonsratherthankeeptogetherinaracialgroup.

Althoughsomegroupshavekeptthemselvesseparateandothershavebeendiscriminatedagainst,allgroupshavehelpedmaketheUnitedStatesagreatcounty.Thereisnogroupthathasnothelpedinsomeway.Andthereisnogroupthatcansaytheyhavedonethemosttomakeitagreatcountry.

ManypeoplestillcomefromothercountriestohelptheUnitedStatesgrow.AgoodexampleistheAmericanprojectthatletamanwalkonthemoon.ItwasascientistfromGermanywhowasmostresponsiblefordoingthat.ItiscertainthatinthefuturetheUnitedStateswillstillneedthehelpofpeoplefromallracialgroupstoremainagreatcountry.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestdescribethemainideaofthispassage?

2.Inthefirstparagraphtheword“told”means（）.

3.Thispassageimpliesthatdiscriminationisaproblemwhich（）.

4.ThemainreasonwhytheIndiansaremostdiscriminatedagainstisthat（）.

5.TheDutchliveseparatelyinPennsylvania（）.

问题1选项

A.TheUnitedStatesisacountrymadeupofmanydifferentraces.

B.DiscriminationisthemostseriousproblemintheUnitedStates.

C.AllracesintheUnitedStateshavehelpedmakethecountryagreatone.

D.TheprosperityoftheUnitedStatesismainlyduetothehardworkofthemostdiscriminatedraces.

问题2选项

A.separated

B.distinguished

C.revealed

D.madeknown

问题3选项

A.manyracesintheUnitedStateshaveexperienced

B.willstillbeveryseriousintheUnitedStatesinthefuture

C.hasalreadybeensolvedintheUnitedStates

D.isstronglyopposedbymanydifferentracesintheUnitedStates

问题4选项

A.theyhavetriedhardtokeeptheirreligions

B.theyhavetriedhardtolivetogethertokeeptheirIndiancustoms

C.theyaretheonlyoneswhohavetriedtokeeptheiridentify

D.theydiscriminatemanyotherraces

问题5选项

A.toescapediscrimination

B.tokeeptogetherinaracialgroup

C.toenjoythemselvesintheirowntowns

D.forreligiousreasons

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨题。原文第一段第一句指出美国是一个由许多不同种族组成的国家，由此引出种族歧视，但本文的主旨句在第五段第一句，所有的种族都帮助美国成为一个伟大的国家。选项C符合原文。

2.语义题。根据原文句意，通常它们是混合在一起的，无法区分。由此可推测，told指无法区分的，选项B符合句意。

3.细节推断题。根据第三段第五句“Almosteverygrouphasbeenabletofinallyescapethisdiscrimination.”几乎每一个群体最终都能摆脱这种歧视。说明每个种族都曾经历过歧视，所以选项A正确。

4.细节推理题。根据第四段第一句“OnereasontheIndiansarediscriminatedagainstisthattheyhavetriedsohardtokeeptheiridentity.”印第安人受到歧视的一个原因是他们一直努力保持自己的身份。选项B符合原文。本题容易错选A，第四段最后一句提到的是荷兰人由于宗教原因与其他种族分开，而不是印第安人，所以不正确。

5.细节事实题。根据第四段最后一句“Theyliveseparatelyforreligiousreasons...”可知选项D正确。

7.翻译题

Onemightaskwhyspeculationispermittedwhenthereissorealadangerofloss.Thebasicreasonisthatspeculationcanperformusefulfunctionsintheeconomy.Buyingacommodityorthestockinthebeliefthatpriceswillrisespeedsmarketequilibriumandencouragesfasterentryofmoresuppliers.Ifthepricechangelaggeduntilafteranactualcommodityshortagehadoccurred,thefluctuationwouldprobablybesharperandmoresudden.Remedialsupplyactioncouldnotbefurtherdelayed.Similarly,ifspeculatorsforeseeasurplusinsomecommodity,theirsellingoffutureswillhelpdrivethepricedowntosomeextentbeforethesurplusactuallyoccurs.Whenspeculatorsforeseeashortageandbiduptheprice,theyarealsohelpingtoconservethepresentsupply.Asthepricegoesup,lessofthecommodityispurchased;ariseinpriceencouragesuserstoeconomize.Similarly,aloweringofpriceencouragesuserstobuymore,thushelpingtosellthesurpluswhichisdeveloping.

【答案】当确实存在遭受损失的风险时，人们不禁要问为什么允许进行投机活动。这其中根本的原因是投机能对经济活动产生有益作用。当人们预期商品价格的上涨速度要超过市场平衡点时，就会买入商品或股票并鼓励更多的供应商入市。如果价格的变化滞后，甚至在切实的商品短缺发生后，价格还没有变化，价格波动可能会更剧烈和更突然。调节性的供应行为此时丝毫不能耽搁。同样，如果投机商预测到某些商品会供应过量，这时他们如果卖出期货将有助于在切实的商品供应过量发生前将价格下调到一定水平。当投机商预测到商品会短缺并通过竞标抬高价格时，他们也在帮助囤积当前的商品供应。随着价格的上涨，人们购买的商品量就会减少；价格的上涨鼓励人们节约。同样，降低价格将会鼓励使用者购买更多的商品，进而有助于将正在形成供应过量的商品销售出去。

8.单选题

Ifeachofusdoesourpartlittlebylittle,wecan（）thelifespanofourplanetandourselves.

问题1选项

A.enlarge

B.expand

C.increase

D.grow

【答案】C

【解析】考查近义词辨析。enlarge扩大，放大；expand扩张，使膨胀；increase增加，延长；grow发展，生长。句意：如果我们每一个人都能够一点一点地做好我们的本职工作，那么我们赖以生存的星球和我们自己本身的寿命会延长。本题想表达的是寿命的延长，increase有“延长”的意思，故答案C。

9.单选题

TomandAlice（）havinganewcartoreplacetheiroldoneforyears.

问题1选项

A.hasbeendreamingof

B.havebeendreamingof

C.hasdreamed

D.willhavedreamed

【答案】B

【解析】根据句意可知谓语应该用复数，首先排除选项A和C，再根据“foryears”可知，应用现在完成时，所以选项B正确。

10.单选题

Onecanunderstandothersmuchbetterbynotingtheimmediateandfleetingreactionsoftheireyesand（）toexpressedthoughts.

问题1选项

A.dilemmas

B.countenances

C.concessions

D.junctions

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析。dilemmas困境；countenances面容；concessions让步；junctions连接点。句意：一个人可以通过注意他人的眼睛和面部即时的或短暂的反应来更好地理解别人。选项B符合句意。

11.单选题

Foranyonewhohasexperiencedanearthquake,theexperiencecanbefrighteningandtraumatic.Inadditiontothemovementoftheground,peopleneedtobeconcernedwithcollapsingbuildingsandfallingdebris,suchasflyingglass.Themajorityoftheinjuriesanddeathsthatoccurfromtheearthquakesareduetofallingobjectsandstructures.Theeffectofanearthquakecanalsocausedangerouslandslides,fires,gaslineexplosionsandflood-watersfromcollapsingdam.ThegoalofseismologistsistounderstandtheearthquakeandotherseismicactivityonEarth.Thisinformation,whensharedwithpeopleinearthquake-proneareas,canhelpdecreasethenumberofdeathsandinjuriesthatmayoccur.

Oneofthemostdestructiveeffectsofearthquakeistsunami.Tsunami,giantoceanwaves,fromafteranearthquakehasoccurredontheoceanfloor.Ifthetsunamicrashesintoland,itmaycausedestruction.Thedifficultywithprotectingpeoplefromtsunamiisthattheymaycomewithoutwarningandatanextremelyhighspeed.Onceunderseaearthquakesoccur,theoceanfloorrisesandsinks.Thisiswhentsunamimaybegintoform.Alongwiththisshiftingoftheoceanfloor,thereisalsoalargemassofseawaterthatmaydroporrise.Toadjustthesuddenchangeinsealevel,themassofwatermovesupwardanddownward.Asitismoving,aseriesofreactionscomelong.Lowwavesbegintomovefromthepointoftheepicenteroutward.Thesewaveswillincreaseinheightastheycomeclosertotheshore.Underwaterlandslidescausedbyearthquakesmayalsoformtsunamis.

Onland,thefocusofanearthquake’sdestructionisusuallybuildingsandproperty.Mostofthebuildingstodayarebuiltusingstrictbuildingcodes.Thesecodesrequirethatthebuildingcanwithstandtheswayingmotionofthegroundduringanearthquake.However,therebuildings,likeskyscrapers,mayswaysoviolentlythattheymaytipoverandcausedamagetolowerstructuresnearby.Onefactorthataffectstheintensityofanearthquakeisthelocalgeology.Thetypeoflandthatbeneaththebuildingscandeterminethewaythebuildingsrespondtoanearthquake.Buildingsareconstructedonloosesoilandrock.Likelysoilandrockvibrateasiftheywerejelly.Whenbuildingsareconstructedonthistypeofland,theytendtohaveanexaggeratedmotionandtoswayviolently.

1.Thisarticleisconcernedwith（）.

2.Theword“seismologists”(Line5,Paragraph1)refersto（）.

3.Theterm“earthquake-pronearea”(Line6,Paragraph1)probablymeans（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,tsunamisarecausedby（）.

5.Fromthelastparagraphofthearticle,wecaninferthattheintensityofanearthquakeiscloselyrelatedto（）.

问题1选项

A.earthquakesonly

B.tsunamisonly

C.bothearthquakesandtsunamis

D.variousnaturaldisasters

问题2选项

A.expertswhoareinterestedinbuildings

B.peoplewhoactasrescueswhenearthquakesoccur

C.peoplewhohaveabilitytopredicttsunamis

D.expertswhostudyearthquakesandrelatedphenomena

问题3选项

A.aplacewhereearthquakesaremorelikelytohappen

B.aregionthattsunamisaremorelikelytooccur

C.anareathatismoresuitablefortheconstructionofskyscrapers

D.azoneinwhichearthquakesareverylikelytohappen

问题4选项

A.extremeclimaticchangeduetoglobalwarming

B.destructionofthebalanceoftheecology

C.earthquakes

D.risingsealeveloftheoceanaswellascarbondioxideemission

问题5选项

A.structuresofthebuilding

B.solidityofthebuilding

C.theheightofthebuilding

D.thelocalgeology

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨思想题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是地震及其影响，并着重介绍了其最具破坏性的影响之一——海啸。所以选项C正确。

2.信息推断题。根据第一段倒数第二句“ThegoalofseismologistsistounderstandtheearthquakeandotherseismicactivityonEarth.”可知，seismologists的目标是了解地球上的地震及其引发的其他活动。选项D符合原文。

3.信息推断题。结合上下文“...canhelpdecreasethenumberofdeathsandinjuriesthatmayoccur.”分享这些信息能够帮助减少可能发生的死亡和受伤人数。由此可以推断，“earthquake-pronearea”指容易发生地震的地方，选项A正确。

4.事实细节题。根据第二段的一二句可知，地震最具破坏性的影响之一是海啸。海啸是巨大的海浪，发生在海底地震后。由此可知，海啸是由地震导致的，选项C正确。

5.事实细节题。根据最后一段第五句“Onefactorthataffectstheintensityofanearthquakeisthelocalgeology.”影响地震强度的一个因素是当地的地质条件。选项D符合原文。

12.单选题

Howcanyou（）andwatchthecountrygotoruin?

问题1选项

A.standby

B.standfor

C.standup

D.standupfor

【答案】A

【解析】动词词组辨析。standby袖手旁观，站在旁边；standfor代表，象征；standup站起来，坚持；standupfor支持，拥护。句意：你怎么能袖手旁观，看着这个国家走向毁灭呢?选项A符合句意。

13.单选题

Theincreaseinstudentnumbers（）manyproblemsfortheuniversities.

问题1选项

A.forces

B.presses

C.provides

D.poses

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。force强迫，迫使；press逼迫；provide提供；pose造成，形成。句意：学生人数的增加给大学造成了许多问题。选项D符合句意。

14.单选题

Reportersandphotographersaliketookgreat（

）attherudewaytheactorbehavedduringtheinterview.

问题1选项

A.annoyance

B.offence

C.resentment

D.irritation

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。takeoffenceatsth.,意为“对某事生气”。选项B符合句意。

15.单选题

Ourcartrunk（）withsuitcasesandwecouldhardlymakeroomforanything.

问题1选项

A.wentcramming

B.wascrammed

C.iscramming

D.wasbeencrammed

【答案】B

【解析】becrammedwith为固定搭配，意为“被填满”。选项B表述正确。

16.单选题

Thoughsometimestoolazytoworkashardashersisters,Lindahasamoreavidfondnessforthelimelight.

问题1选项

A.mercurial

B.gallant

C.ardent

D.frugal

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。根据句意可知，avid应该与lazy意思相反，所以选项C与之意思最为接近，正确。

17.单选题

Maryfinallydecided（）allthejunkshehadkeptinthegarage.

问题1选项

A.getrid

B.gottenridof

C.gettingridof

D.togetridof

【答案】D

【解析】固定介词搭配。decidetodosth.决定做某事。所以，选项D正确。

18.单选题

TheroleofAmericanwomen（）significantlyfromthetimethenationwasborn,tothemoderneraofthe1950sand1960s.

问题1选项

A.haschanged

B.hasbeenchanged

C.changed

D.hadbeenchanged

【答案】D

【解析】语法知识。根据句意可知，这里应该用过去完成时态，首先排除选项A和C；role与change之间为被动关系,所以选项D正确。

19.单选题

I（）youthatthegoodswillbedeliverednextweek.

问题1选项

A.insist

B.confirm

C.assure

D.ensure

【答案】C

【解析】近义词辨析。sb.confirmthat证实......；assuresb.that...向某人保证......；sb.ensurethat...确保某事会发生。选项C更符合语境。

20.单选题

Themosturgentthingistofindadumpforthosetoxicindustrialwastes.

问题1选项

A.imminent

B.recyclable

C.smelly

D.poisonous

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析。toxic指有毒的，所以选项D正确。

21.单选题

Peopleinnately（

）forsuperiorityovertheirpeersalthoughitsometimestakestheformofanexaggeratedlustforpower.

问题1选项

A.strive

B.ascertain

C.justify

D.adhere

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。strivefor意为“争取,奋斗”；选项B为及物动词；选项C和D通常与介词to搭配。所以选项A正确。

22.单选题

Forthelast20yearsorsothesubjectofglobalwarminghas（）heateddebateamongtheworld’sbrightestminds.

问题1选项

A.spawned

B.injected

C.modeled

D.moved

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：在过去20年左右的时间里，全球变暖这个话题在全球最聪明的头脑中引发了激烈的辩论。只有选项A有引起的意思，所以正确。

23.单选题

AmItounderstandthathisnewpost（）noresponsibilitywithitatall?

问题1选项

A.keeps

B.supports

C.carries

D.possesses

【答案】C

【解析】常用搭配。carryresponsibility为常用搭配,意为“承担责任”。选项C符合句意。

24.单选题

Allworkers,regardlessoftheirsexandeducation,arerequiredto（）attheageof60.

问题1选项

A.resign

B.retire

C.regain

D.retain

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。根据句意可知，这里指退休，只有选项B符合要求。

25.单选题

Inmostcountries,themetricsystemhasbeen（）forallmeasurement.

问题1选项

A.admitted

B.adapted

C.applied

D.adopted

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：在大多数国家，所有的计量都采用公制。选项D符合句意。

26.单选题

Afterfailinghismid-termexams,Jeremywas（）facehisparents.

问题1选项

A.tooashamedto

B.tooembarrassingto

C.veryashamedof

D.veryembarrassingto

【答案】A

【解析】根据句意可知，这里是考查too...to...的句型，首先排除选项C和D；beashamedto为做某事感到羞耻；ashamed的主语是人；embarrassing的主语是物。所以选项A正确。

27.单选题

Thesecretarydidn’tknowwhohewas,orshe（）himmorepolitely.

问题1选项

A.willbetreating

B.wouldhavetreated

C.wastreating

D.wouldhavebeentreated

【答案】B

【解析】句子是对过去发生的事进行推测，所以应该用虚拟语气，首先排除选项A和C；根据句意可知，主语是she，是动作的执行者，所以为主动语态，选项B正确。

28.单选题

（）theheavypollution,thecityofficialshavedecidedtocancelschoolfortheday.

问题1选项

A.Prior

B.Bymeansof

C.Dueto

D.Through

【答案】C

【解析】prior在前的，优先的；bymeansof依靠；dueto由于；through从头到尾，彻底。句意：由于污染严重，市政官员已决定停课一天。选项C符合句意。

29.单选题

问题1选项

A.cereal

B.serial

C.series

D.serious

【答案】D

【解析】形近词词义辨析。句意:我们正生活在一个很大的化学实验中，科学家发现一些严重的后果正变得越来越明显。选项D符合句意。

30.单选题

Toensureitssustainedprogressineconomy,thegovernmenthas（）aseriesofpolicies.

问题1选项

A.reserved

B.issued

C.delivered

D.expressed

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：为确保经济的持续发展，政府出台了一系列政策。选项B符合句意。

31.单选题

Whentheairinacertainspaceissqueezedtooccupyasmallerspace,theairissaidtobe（）.

问题1选项

A.commenced

B.compressed

C.compromised

D.compensated

【答案】B

【解析】commenced开始；compressed压缩；compromised妥协；compensated补偿。句意：当某一空间的空气被挤压以占据更小的空间时，我们说空气被压缩了。选项B符合句意。

32.单选题

Sincehisinjurywasserious,thedoctorsuggestedthathe（）inthegame.

问题1选项

A.didnotplay

B.mustnotplay

C.notplay

D.nottoplay

【答案】C

【解析】suggest表建议时用虚拟语气，用should+动词原形，should可省略，所以选项C正确。

33.单选题

Theteamleaderofmountainclimbersmarkedout（）.

问题1选项

A.thatseemedtobethebestroute

B.whatseemedtobethebestroute

C.whichseemedtobetilebestroute

D.somethingthattobethebestroute

【答案】B

【解析】本句缺少的成分是宾语从句，只有选项B能作为宾语从句。that一般引导同位语从句；选项C缺少先行词；选项D用法不正确，所以本题选B。

34.单选题

Internationalsportshouldcreategoodwillbetweenthenations,butinthepresentorganizationoftheOlympicssomehowencourages（

）

patriotism.

问题1选项

A.obsolete

B.aggressive

C.harmonious

D.amiable

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。根据关键词“but”可知前后表达的意思应该相反，由此可推断填空处应该与“goodwill”意思相反，选项B更符合原文语境。

35.翻译题

Physicistsallovertheworld,backin1895,wereprettymuchagreeingthatthegreatworkofphysicshadallbeendone.Someofthemmournedpubliclythatnodiscoveriesoftrulymajorimportancewerelikelytobemadeinthefuture.ButthentheydidnotknowthataProfessorRoentgen,workingaloneinamodestlaboratoryinGermany,hadbegunaseriesofexperimentswithacrudeinductioncoil,apear-shapedbulbfromwhichtheairhadbeenremoved,andasheetofpaperpaintedwithcertainmetallicsalts.AndProfessorRoentgendidnotknowthathisworkwasdestinedtorevealaforceofnature—neverbeforesuspected—thatwouldalmostovernightrevolutionizemedicineandtechnology,andbecomeainstrumentfordeeperprobingofthestructureofmatter.

【答案】在1895年，全世界的物理学家普遍认为所有有关物理的伟大研究都已经完成了，他们中的有些人甚至公开宣称将来不可能再出现真正有意义的重大发现了。但是，那时他们还不知道，在德国一间小小的实验室里，一位名叫伦琴的教师已经开始了对粗糙的电磁感应线圈、一个被抽走空气的梨形鳞茎状物和一张涂抹了某种金属盐的纸张进行一系列的实验。伦琴教授不知道他的工作注定会揭示自然的某种力量，而这种力量是人们从未料想到的。它几乎在一夜间引起了医学和技术领域的革命，成为一种深入探测物质内部结构的工具。

36.单选题

Thefoodwasdivided（）accordingtotheageandsizeofthechild.

问题1选项

A.equally

B.individually

C.sufficiently

D.proportionally

【答案】B

【解析】句意：食物是根据孩子的年龄和大小单独分开的。选项B符合语境。

37.单选题

Sometimesthestudentmaybeaskedtowriteabouthis（

）toacertainbookorarticlethathassomebearingonthesubjectbeingstudied.

问题1选项

A.reaction

B.comment

C.impression

D.comprehension

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。reactionto对......的反应，对......的看法或意见；选项B一般与on搭配；选项C和D一般与of搭配。句意：有时，学生可能会被要求写他对某本书或某篇与正在研究的主题有关的文章的看法。选项A符合语境。

38.单选题

InNovember1970YukioMishima,togetherwithsomeofhisfanaticalfollowersfromtheultranationalisticShieldSocietywhichhehadfoundedin1966,brokeintotheheadquartersofJapan’sEasternDefenseForcesarmedwithswordsanddaggers,overpoweredsomeaides,tiedupthecommandinggeneral,anddemandedthatthetroopsbeassembledtohearaspeech.Mishimaaddressedthetroopsfortenminutes,incitingthemtorebelagainsttheconstitutionalgovernmentimposedbytheUnitedStatesthathad,inhiswords,“turnedJapanspineless”.Receivingonlyridiculeinresponse,hereturnedtothegeneral’sofficeandthere,beforethegeneral’sunbelievingeyes,proceededtokillhimselfinstrictaccordancewiththetraditionalsamurairitualofseppuku.AfterMishimahaddrivenadaggerdeepintohisleftabdomen,oneofhisaidesseveredhisheadwithasword.Theaidelikewisekilledhimselfandwasbeheaded;theotherssurrendered.

In1936therehadbeenasimilarrevoltand,thoughequallyunsuccessful,ithadforeshadowedtherepressiveregimeofGeneralTojothatwastostagetheattackonPearlHarborin1941.ThatearlierrevoltistheonereferredtoinPatriotism,oneofMishima’smostpowerfulstories.Herelifeandfictionbecomejoined.TheactofseppukuwasforMishimaafulfillment,“theultimatedreamofmylife.”Bornofanancientsamuraifamily,helongedtodieahero’sdeathinaccordancewiththeancientsamuraicode;buthisweakbodykepthimfromserviceinthewar,andhehadtocompensatethroughbodybuilding(hebecameexpertatkarateandkendo)and,mostimportant,throughthedisciplineofwriting.Inhisshortlifetimeheturnedouttwentynovels,thirtyplays,manyessays,andmorethaneightystories:healsoproduced,directed,andactedinmovies,andevensangonstage.Hisfirstbookofstories,AForestinFlower,appearedin1943,butitwasConfessionofaMask(1948),dealingwiththemeditationsofayoungmanofhomosexualleaningsinarepressivesociety,thatbroughthimfame.

Mishimahasbeencalled“Japan’sHemingway,”whileothershavecomparedhimto“aesthetic”writerslikeWalterPeterandOscarWilde.

1.Thearticleimpliesthat（）.

2.TheaimoftherebelledbyMishimawas（）.

3.Inthe1970rebel,thespeechmadebyMishima（）.

4.Whatistrueaccordingtothearticle?

5.Mishimabecameawell-knownwriterafterhehad（）.

问题1选项

A.Mishimarefusedtojointhearmywhenhewasyoung

B.Mishimahasbeenregardedasalunaticwriter

C.Mishimaisapersonwhoishardtodefine

D.criticsallagreethatMishimaisanaestheticwriter

问题2选项

A.tocapturethecommandinggeneral

B.tourgethegovernmenttodeclareawaragainstAmerica

C.toincitethesoldierstorebelagainsttheconstitutionalgovernment

D.toforcetheEmperortogiveupthethrone

问题3选项

A.waswellreceivedbythesoldiers

B.waslaughedatbythesoldiers

C.impressedthecommandinggeneral

D.leftadeepimpressiontothesoldiers

问题4选项

A.ThegeneralknewthatMishimahadlongedtodieahero’sdeath.

B.ThegeneralwasgreatlytakenabackbyMishima’ssuicideattempt.

C.SomesoldierssurrenderedafterMishima,sspeech.

D.OneofMishima’saideswaskilledbythesoldiers.

问题5选项

A.written“Patriotism,”oneofhismostpowerfulstories

B.writteneightyshortstories

C.published“AForestinFlower”

D.published“ConfessionofaMask”

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节推理题。根据原文内容可知，本文主要是讲YukioMishima的生平，选项A与原文不符；选项B和D太片面，选项C更准确，所以本题选C。

2.细节判断题。根据关键词“rebel”定位到第一段“Mishimaaddressedthetroopsfortenminutes,incitingthemtorebelagainsttheconstitutionalgovernmentimposedbytheUnitedStates...”Mishima向军队发表了十分钟的演讲，煽动他们反抗美国强加给他们的立宪政府。选项C符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第一段“Receivingonlyridiculeinresponse”可知Mishima发表演讲后只得到嘲笑的回应，选项B符合原文。

4.细节判断题。根据第二段“TheactofseppukuwasforMishimaafulfillment,‘theultimatedreamofmylife.’”切腹自尽对Mishima来说是一种实现，实现的是他“生命中的终极梦想”。也就是说他渴望像英雄一样死去，选项A正确。选项B在文中没有提及；选项C,D均与原文不符。所以本题选A。

5.细节事实题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“...butitwasConfessionofaMask(1948),...,thatbroughthimfame.”可知选项D正确。

39.单选题

Tomdoesn’tthinkthatthe（）situationhereisasgoodashishometown’s.

问题1选项

A.economics

B.economic

C.economy

D.economical

【答案】B

【解析】economics经济学；economic经济上的，经济学的；economy经济，节约；economical经济的，节约的。

根据句意可知，填空处应填入形容词，首先排除选项A和C；选项B符合句意。

40.单选题

Censorship,awordthatseemstobe（）quitecontroversyovercertainpeople,maynotbesuchabadidea.

问题1选项

A.arguing

B.attacking

C.causing

D.discussing

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。根据句意可知这里指引发争议，选项C符合句意。

41.单选题

Tousitseemssonaturaltoputupanumbrellatokeepthewateroffwhenitrains.Butactuallytheumbrellawasnotinventedasprotectionagainstrain.Itsfirstusewasasashadeagainstthesun.

Nobodyknowswhofirstinventedit,buttheumbrellawasusedinveryancienttimes.ProbablythefirsttouseitweretheChineseintheeleventhcenturyB.C.

WeknowthattheumbrellawasusedinancientEgyptandBabylonasasunshade.Andtherewasastrangethingconnectedwithitsuse:itbecameasymbolofhonorandauthority.IntheFarEastinancienttimes,theumbrellawasallowedtobeusedonlybyroyaltyorbythoseinhighoffices.

InEurope,theGreekswerethefirsttousetheumbrellaasasunshade.AndtheumbrellawasincommonuseinancientGreece.ButitisbelievedthatthefirstpersoninEuropetousetheumbrellaasprotectionagainstrainweretheancientRomans.

DuringtheMiddleAges,theuseoftheumbrellapracticallydisappeared.ThenitappearedagaininItalyinthelatesixteenthcentury.Andagainitwasconsideredasymbolofpowerandauthority.By1680,theumbrellaappearedinFranceandlateroninEngland.

Bytheeighteenthcentury,theumbrellawasusedagainstrainthroughoutmostofEurope.Umbrellashavenotchangedmuchinstyleduringallthistime,thoughtheyhavebecomemuchlighterinweight.Itwasn’tuntilthetwentiethcenturythatwomen’sumbrellasbegantobemadeinawholevarietyofcolors.

1.Thefirstuseofumbrellawasas（）.

2.（）werethepeoplewhofirstusedumbrella.

3.Theumbrellawasusedonlybyroyaltyorbythoseinhighoffices（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisnottrue?

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.protectionagainstrain

B.ashadeagainstthesun

C.asymbolofpower

D.asymbolofhonor

问题2选项

A.Chinese

B.Romans

C.Greeks

D.Egyptians

问题3选项

A.inEuropeinthe18thcentury

B.inancientEgyptandBabylon

C.intheFarEastinancienttimes

D.duringtheMiddleAges

问题4选项

A.Womenenjoyusingumbrellaswithvariedkindsofcolorsnowadays.

B.Theinventoroftheumbrellaisunknown.

C.Onceordinarypeoplehadnorighttouseumbrellas.

D.Umbrellaswerepopularandcheapinancienttimes.

问题5选项

A.WhenWastheUmbrellaInvented?

B.TheHistoryofUmbrella

C.Umbrella—ASymbolofHonor

D.WhoUsedUmbrellaFirst?

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段最后一句“Itsfirstusewasasashadeagainstthesun.”可知选项B与原文描述一致。

2.细节事实题。根据第二段的内容可知，最早使用伞的是中国人，选项A正确。

3.细节事实题。根据第三段最后一句“IntheFarEastinancienttimes,theumbrellawasallowedtobeusedonlybyroyaltyorbythoseinhighoffices.”可知选项C与原文一致。

4.细节判断题。根据原文第三段可知，在古代远东地区只有皇族或高官才能使用伞，由此可以推断伞并不便宜，所以选项D错误。

5.主旨题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲述伞的历史。选项B正确。

42.单选题

TheInternethasbeenaroundforanalmostequalamountoftimeasmostformsofmedia,butonlyrecently（）apopularwayofretrievinginformation.

问题1选项

A.hasitbecome

B.ithasbecame

C.itbecomes

D.doesitbecome

【答案】A

【解析】语法知识。根据only可知这里应该用倒装，首先排除选项B和C；填空处应用现在完成时表示过去对现在产生影响，所以选项A正确。

43.单选题

Financialstatementisafinancialreportorrecord（）usuallyonaquarterlyandannuallybasiswhichprovidesanindividual’s,anorganization’s,orbussiness’sfinancialstates.

问题1选项

A.completed

B.compiled

C.collated

D.contested

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。complete