2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号4

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Heclaimsthatadvertisingtodaytendstoportraywomenintraditionalrolessuchascookingortakingcareofthebaby.

问题1选项

A.depict

B.advocate

C.criticize

D.analyze

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：他声称，如今的广告倾向于将女性塑造成做饭或照顾孩子等传统角色。选项A与划线部分意思最为接近。

2.单选题

Duringhistwo-monthstayinChina,Tomnever（）achancetopracticehisChinese.

问题1选项

A.passedon

B.passedup

C.passedby

D.passedout

【答案】B

【解析】动词词组辨析。passon传递，继续，去世；passup拒绝，错过；passby走过，经过；passout分发，昏倒。这里指没有错过一次练习中文的机会。选项B符合句意。

3.单选题

Theyachievedmorethantheyhadeverdreamed,lendingamagictotheirfamilystorythatnotaleorordinarylifecouldpossiblyrival.

问题1选项

A.confirm

B.achieve

C.match

D.exaggerate

【答案】C

【解析】名词词义辨析。根据句意可知，这里指任何故事或普通生活都无法与之相匹敌。选项C与划线部分意思最为接近。

4.单选题

Ifyouwanttodowellontheexam,you（）onthedirectionsthattheprofessorgivesandtakeexactnotes.

问题1选项

A.willhaveconcentrated

B.havetoconcentrate

C.willbeconcentrated

D.willbeconcentrating

【答案】B

【解析】本句整体时态为一般现在时，所以不用虚拟语气。选项B正确。

5.单选题

Inmostcountries,themetricsystemhasbeen（）forallmeasurement.

问题1选项

A.admitted

B.adapted

C.applied

D.adopted

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：在大多数国家，所有的计量都采用公制。选项D符合句意。

6.单选题

It’sapparentthatthewoodenbridgeisnotstrongenoughto（）theweightofalorry.

问题1选项

A.retain

B.sustain

C.obtain

D.maintain

【答案】B

【解析】形近词辨析。根据句意可知，这里指木桥承受不了卡车的重量，选项B符合句意。

7.单选题

The（

）emphasisonexaminationsisbyfartheworstformofcompetitioninschools.

问题1选项

A.negligent

B.edible

C.fabulous

D.disproportionate

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析。negligent疏忽的；edible可食用的；fabulous极好的；disproportionate不成比例的。句意：过分强调考试是学校里最糟糕的竞争形式。选项D符合句意。

8.单选题

Inmanycountriestobaccoandmedicinearegovernment（）.

问题1选项

A.control

B.monopoly

C.business

D.belongings

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析。根据句意可知，这里指政府垄断，选项B符合语境。

9.写作题

Writealetterofinvitationofabout100wordstoyourclosefriendTom,askinghimtocomeandstayforaweek-endwithyourfamilyatyourriversidecottage:

(a)youhavenotseenhimforalongtime;

(b)thecountryairwilldohimgood;

(c)hecancatchatrainafterworkonFriday;

(d)youaskhimtoletyouknowthetimeofhisarrival;

(e)youwillmeethimatthestation.

【答案】DearTom,

IthasbeenalongtimesinceIlastseeyou!Howareyou,mydearfriend!

Recently,Iheardthatyouhavebeenthoughaterribletimeoflosingyourwife,allmyfamilyisverysadaboutthisgrievousnews.Weareallworryingaboutyou!

WerecentlyboughtariversidecottageatXXX,andbecauseitisspringnowandtheflowersarebloominghere,wesincerelyinviteyoutocomeheretohaveawonderfulweekend,wearesurethatthecountryairwillbegoodforyou.

YoucancatchatrainafterworkonFridayifyouwillcomehereandpleaseletmeknowtheexacttimeofyourarrival,Iwouldbeexpectingyouatthetrainstation.

Sincerely,yours10.单选题

TheInternethasbeenaroundforanalmostequalamountoftimeasmostformsofmedia,butonlyrecently（）apopularwayofretrievinginformation.

问题1选项

A.hasitbecome

B.ithasbecame

C.itbecomes

D.doesitbecome

【答案】A

【解析】语法知识。根据only可知这里应该用倒装，首先排除选项B和C；填空处应用现在完成时表示过去对现在产生影响，所以选项A正确。

11.单选题

Thegangderivedtheirnicknamefromtheirdarkclothingandblackedupfacesfornocturnalraidsintheforest.

问题1选项

A.illegal

B.night-time

C.brutal

D.abusive

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。根据darkclothing和blackedupfaces以及nickname可推断，nocturnal指夜间的，选项B与之意思相近，正确。

12.单选题

Toensureitssustainedprogressineconomy,thegovernmenthas（）aseriesofpolicies.

问题1选项

A.reserved

B.issued

C.delivered

D.expressed

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：为确保经济的持续发展，政府出台了一系列政策。选项B符合句意。

13.单选题

Sometimesthestudentmaybeaskedtowriteabouthis（

）toacertainbookorarticlethathassomebearingonthesubjectbeingstudied.

问题1选项

A.reaction

B.comment

C.impression

D.comprehension

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。reactionto对......的反应，对......的看法或意见；选项B一般与on搭配；选项C和D一般与of搭配。句意：有时，学生可能会被要求写他对某本书或某篇与正在研究的主题有关的文章的看法。选项A符合语境。

14.单选题

Despitetheirspartan,isolatedlifestyle,therearenostoriesofwomenbeingrapedorwantonviolenceagainstciviliansintheregion.

问题1选项

A.intriguing

B.exasperating

C.demonstrative

D.unprovoked

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析。根据句意可知，划线部分词应该为贬义，首先排除选项A和C；其次如果选B，这里应该指让人感到愤怒的，用-ed的形式，所以选项B不正确；选项D正确，指无缘无故的，符合语境。

15.单选题

Theincreaseinglobaltrademeansthatinternationalcompaniescannotaffordtomakecostlyadvertisingmistakesiftheywanttobecompetitive.

Understandingthelanguageandcultureoftargetmarketsinforeigncountriesisoneofthekeystosuccessfulinternationalmarketing.Toomanycompanies,however,havejumpedintoforeignmarketswithembarrassingresults.

Translationmistakesareattheheartofmanyblundersininternationaladvertising.

GeneralMotors,theUSautomanufacturer,gotacostlylessonwhenitintroduceditsChevroletNovatothePuertoRicanmarket.“Nova”isLatinfor“new(star)”andmeans“star”inmanylanguages,butinspokenSpanishitcansoundlike“nova”,meaning“itdoesn’tgo”.Fewpeoplewantedtobuyacarwiththatcursedmeaning.WhenGMchangedthenametoCaribe,sales“pickedup”dramatically.

Marketingblundershavealsobeenmadebyfoodandbeveragecompanies.OneAmericanfoodcompany’sfriendly“JollyGreenGiant”(foradvertisingvegetables)becamesomethingquitedifferentwhenitwastranslatedintoArabicas“IntimidatingGreenOgre”.

WhentranslatedintoGerman,Pepsi’spopularslogan,“ComeAlivewithPepsi”cameoutimplying“ComeAlivefromtheGrave”.NowondercustomersinGermanydidn’trushouttobuyPepsi.

Successfulinternationalmarketingdoesn’tstopwithgoodtranslations—otheraspectsofculturemustberesearchedandunderstoodifmarketersaretoavoidblunders.

Whenmarketersdonotunderstandandappreciatethevalues,tastes,geography,climate,superstitions,religion,oreconomyofaculture,theyfailtocapturetheirtargetmarket.

Forexample,anAmericandesignertriedtointroduceanewperfumeintotheLatinAmericanmarketbuttheproductarousedlittleinterest.ThemainreasonwasthatthecamelliausedinitwastraditionallyusedforfuneralsinmanySouthAmericancountries.

Havingawakenedtothespecialnatureofforeignadvertising,companiesarebecomingmuchmoreconscientiousintheirtranslationsandmoresensitivetoculturaldistinctions.

Thebestwaytopreventerrorsistohireprofessionaltranslatorswhounderstandthetargetlanguageanditsidiomaticusage,ortouseatechniquecalled“backtranslation”toreducethepossibilityofblunders.

Theprocessusedonepersontotranslateamessageintothetargetlanguageandanothertotranslateitback.Effectivetranslatorsaimtocapturetheoverallmessageofanadvertisementbecauseaword-for-wordduplicationoftheoriginalrarelyconveystheintendedmeaningandoftencausesmisunderstandings.

Indesigningadvertisementsforothercountries,messagesneedtobeshortandsimple.

Theyshouldalsoavoidjokes,sincewhatisconsideredfunnyinonepartoftheworldmaynotbesohumorousinanother.

1.Thebesttitleofthispassagemightbe（）.

2.Whatdoestheword“blunder”meaninthispassage?

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementscanbeusedtosummarizethegistfromParagraph3toParagraph6?

4.WecanlearnfromthecontextinParagraph9thattheword“camellia”mostprobablymeans（）.

5.Onewaytopreventerrorsinadvertisingindifferentcountriesisto（

）

问题1选项

A.CultureIsVeryImportantinAdvertising

B.AvoidCulturalMisunderstandingbetweenNations

C.OvercomeCulturalShockinDifferentCountries

D.AdvertisementsReflectVariousLifeStyles

问题2选项

A.Hesitation.

B.Mistake.

C.Stutter.

D.Default.

问题3选项

A.Culturalshocks.

B.Faultytranslations.

C.Avoidculturaloversights.

D.Preventblunders.

问题4选项

A.ananimalusedinperfumeforitssmell

B.apieceoffabricusedbothinperfumeandatfunerals

C.aflowerusedinperfumeforitsfragranceandusedforfunerals

D.anornamentusedinperfumeandatfunerals

问题5选项

A.firethetranslatorswhodon’tknowthetargetlanguage

B.usethetechniquecalled“literaltranslation”toreducethepossibilityofblunders

C.avoidculturaloversightsandavoidcertainjokes

D.explainindetailswhendesigningadvertisementforothercountries

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲太多公司在没有了解国外的语言和文化情况下进行营销，付出了昂贵的代价。也就是说文化在广告中是很重要的。选项A正确。

2.语义题。根据第五段第一句“Marketingblundershavealsobeenmadebyfoodandbeveragecompanies.”再根据后面举例的内容可以推测，这里是指犯了营销的错误。所以选项B与之意思最为相近。

3.段落主旨题。根据原文可知，第三段到第六段主要是讲：翻译错误是国际广告中许多错误的核心。第三段是中心句，后面的段落是举例说明，所以选项B正确。

4.语义题。根据第九段的内容，一位美国设计师试图将一种新的香水引入拉丁美洲市场，但该产品几乎没有引起人们的兴趣。主要原因是，在南美许多国家，“thecamelliausedinit”传统上用于葬礼。it指的是香水，那么用于香水里面的应该是制作香水的原材料。所以选项C正确。

5.细节推理题。根据最后五个段落的内容可知，为了防止不同国家的广告出现错误的方法，我们需要避免文化上的疏忽，也需要避免开玩笑。选项C符合原文。

16.写作题

Writeanessayofabout200wordsonthetopic:“ChinaIsnotReadyforE-education”(E-education:atypeofeducationconductedintheenvironmentoftheInternetwiththeguidanceofmoderneducationaltheories).WriteyouressayonyourAnswerSheetII.

【答案】ChinaIsnotReadyforE-education17.单选题

AccordingtoarecentpublicationoftheEqualEmploymentOpportunityCommission,atthepresentrateofprogress,itwilltakeforty-threeyearstoendjobdiscrimination—hardlyareasonabletimetable.

Ifourgoaliseducationalandeconomicequityandparity,itisthenweneedaffirmativeactiontocatchup.Wearebehindasaresultofdiscriminationanddenialofopportunity.Thereisonewhiteattorneyforevery680whites,butonlyoneblackattorneyforevery4,000blacks;onewhitephysicianforevery659whites,butonlyoneblackphysicianforevery5,000blacks;andonewhitedentistforevery1,900whites,butonlyoneblackdentistforevery8,400blacks.Lessthan1percentofallengineersorofallpracticingchemistsisblack.Cruelanduncompassionateinjusticecreatedgapslikethese.Weneedcreativejusticeandcompassiontohelpusclosethem.

Actually,intheU.S.context,“reversediscrimination”isillogicalandacontradictioninterms.Neverinthehistoryofmankindhasamajority,withpower,engagedinprogramsandwrittenlawsthatdiscriminateagainstitself.Theonlythingwhitesaregivingupbecauseofaffirmativeactionisunfairadvantagesomethingthatwasunnecessaryinthefirstplace.

Blacksarenotmakingprogressattheexpenseofwhites,asnewsaccountsmakeitseem.Thereare49percentmorewhitesinmedicalschooltodayand64percentmorewhitesinlawschoolthantherewerewhenaffirmativeactionprogramsbegansomeeightyearsago.

Inarecentcolumn,WilliamRaspberryraisedaninterestingquestion.CommentingontheBakkecase,heasked,“Whatif,insteadofsettingaside16of100slots,weadded16slotstothe100?”That,hesuggested,wouldnotinterferewithwhatwhitesalreadyhave.Hethenwentontopointoutthatthis,infact,isexactlywhathashappenedinlawandmedicalschools.In1968,theyearbeforeaffirmativeactionprogramsbegantogetunderway,9,571whitesand282membersofminoritygroupsenteredU.S.medicalschools.In1976,thefigureswere14,213and1,400respectively.Thus,underaffirmativeaction,thenumberof“whiteplaces”actuallyroseby49percent;whiteaccesstomedicaltrainingwasnotdiminished,butsubstantiallyincreased.Thetrendwasevenmoremarkedinlawschools.In1969,thefirstyearforwhichreliablefiguresareavailable,2,933minority-groupmemberswereenrolled;in1976,thenumberwasupto8,484.Butduringthesameperiod,lawschoolenrollmentforwhitesrosefrom65,453to107,064anincreaseof64percent.Inshort,itisamyththatblacksaremakingprogressatwhiteexpense.

AllanBakkedidnotreallychallengepreferentialtreatmentingeneral,forhemadenochallengetothepreferentialtreatmentaccordedtothechildrenoftherich,thealumniandthefacultyortoathletesortheverytalentedonlytominorities.

1.Theauthorisforaffirmativeaction（）.

2.Itrequires（）toclosethegapsbetweenthewhitesandtheblacksintheU.S.

3.Blacksarenotmakingprogressattheexpenseofwhites,accordingtotheauthor,because（）.

4.WilliamRaspberry,whilecommentingontheBakkecase,suggests（）.

5.WhatAllanBakkechallengedwas（）.

问题1选项

A.becausethereisdiscriminationanddenialofopportunityintheU.S.

B.ifweaimateducationalandeconomicequityandparity

C.becauseitwilltake43yearstoendjobdiscrimination

D.whenthereisnoreasonabletimetableintheU.S.

问题2选项

A.oneblackattorneyforever4,000blacks

B.alotmoreblackengineersandchemists

C.educationandeconomicdevelopment

D.creativejusticeandcompassion

问题3选项

A.whatwhitegiveupisonlyunfairadvantage

B.thereare49percentmorewhiteinmedicalschooltodayalready

C.whites,themajorityintheU.S.,willneverdiscriminateagainstthemselves

D.thereare64percentmorewhitesinlawschoolstoday

问题4选项

A.tooffer100slotstowhitesand16toblacks

B.tooffer84slotstowhitesand16toblacks

C.tofollowwhathashappenedinlawandmedicalschools

D.tointerferewithwhatwhitesalreadyhave

问题5选项

A.themyththatblacksaremakingprogressatwhiteexpense

B.unfairtreatmentaccordedtoblacks

C.preferentialtreatmentingeneral

D.preferentialtreatmenttominority-groupmembers

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据第二段第一句“Ifourgoaliseducationalandeconomicequityandparity,itisthenweneedaffirmativeactiontocatchup.”如果我们的目标是教育和经济公平与平等，那么我们就需要积极地开展平权行动。选项B符合原文。

2.根据第二段最后两句“Cruelanduncompassionateinjusticecreatedgapslikethese.Weneedcreativejusticeandcompassiontohelpusclosethem.”残酷无情的不公正造成了这样的差距。我们需要创造性的公正和同情来消除差距。选项D符合原文。

3.根据第三段最后一句“Theonlythingwhitesaregivingupbecauseofaffirmativeactionisunfairadvantagesomethingthatwasunnecessaryinthefirstplace.”白人因为平权法案而放弃的唯一一件事是不公平的优势，这在一开始是不必要的。选项A符合原文。

4.根据关键词“WilliamRaspberry”定位到倒数第二段，根据“Whatif,insteadofsettingaside16of100slots,weadded16slotstothe100?”“如果我们不是在100个位置中留出16个位置，而是在100个位置中增加16个位置，那会怎么样?”他表示，这不会影响白人已经拥有的东西。所以选项A正确。

5.根据原文内容可知，AllanBakke挑战的是“itisamyththatblacksaremakingprogressatwhiteexpense.”选项A正确。

18.单选题

Ournewfirm（）foracredible,aggressiveindividualwithgreatskillstofillthisposition.

问题1选项

A.havelooked

B.arelooking

C.islooking

D.look

【答案】C

【解析】句意：我们的新公司正在寻找一个可靠的、有进取心的、有很强技能的人来填补这个职位。填空处应填入单数谓语动词，选项C符合语境。

19.单选题

Topicsforcompositionshouldbe（）totheexperiencesandinterestsofthestudents.

问题1选项

A.concerned

B.dependent

C.connecting

D.relevant

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。选项A一般与with搭配；选项B一般与on/upon搭配；选项C可与with和to搭配，意为“与…相连”；berelevantto意为“与…有关的”。选项D符合语境。

20.单选题

Itisnotunusualforchiefexecutivestocollectmillionsofdollarsayearinpay,stockoptions,andbonuses.Inthelastfifteenyears,whileexecutiveremunerationrose,taxesinthehighestincomebracketwentdown.Millionairesarenowcommonplace.

Amiabilityisnotaprerequisiteforrisingtothetop,andthereareanumberofchiefexecutiveofficerswithlegendarybadtempers.Itisnottheboss’sjobtoworryaboutthewell-beingofhissubordinatesalthoughthemanwithmanyenemieswillbesweptoutmorequicklyinhardtimes;itisthecompanyheworriesabout.Hisbusinesssavvyissupposedtobebasedonintimateknowledgeofhiscompanyandtheindustry,sohegoeshomenightlywithafullbriefcase.Attheverytop—andonthewayup—executivesareexceedinglydedicated.

TheAmericanexecutivemustbecapableofenoughsmalltalktogethimthroughthesocialpartofhisschedule,butheisprobablynotahighlyculturedindividualoranintellectual.Althoughhiswifemaybeontheboardofthesymphonyoropera,hehimselfhaslittletimeforsuchpursuits.Hisreadingmaylargelyconcernbusinessandmanagement,despiteinterestsinotherfields.Golfprovideshimwithasportiveoutletthatcombineswithsomeusefulsocializing.

Thesedays,heprobablyattemptssomeformofaerobicexerciseto“keeptheoldheartinshape”andforthesamereasongoeseasyonbutterandalcohol,andsubstancesthoughttocontributetotakinghighlystressedexecutivesoutoftherunning.Buthisdoctor’sadmonitionto“takeiteasy”fallsondeafears.Helikestowork.Heknowsthereareyoungermennippingathisheels.

Corporatehead-hunting,carriedonby“executivesearchfirms”,isagrowingindustry.Americahasgreatfaithinindividualtalent,anddynamicandaggressiveexecutivesaresoindemandthatcompaniesregularlyraideachother’smanagerialranks.

1.Wecaninferfromthesecondparagraphthat（

）.

2.Theterm“aerobicexercise”(firstlineinsecondlastparagraph)isakindof（

）.

3.Fromthelastparagraphwecangatherthat（）.

4.Forexecutives,accordingtothearticle,agolfcourseisaplacewhere（）.

5.WhatisNOTtrueaccordingtothearticle?

问题1选项

A.promotiondependsonamiability

B.chiefexecutivesdonotworkhardenoughatthetoplevel

C.itisthedutyofthechiefexecutivetolookafterthewell-beingofhissubordinates

D.achiefexecutiveisexpectedtoknowmoreabouthiscompanyandtheindustry

问题2选项

A.hallucinationexercise

B.physicalexercise

C.meditationexercise

D.entertainment

问题3选项

A.therearetoomanyaggressiveexecutives

B.individualtalentisnotessentialforacompany

C.thejobofan“executivesearchfirm”iscorporatehead-hunting

D.itisnotcommonforcompaniestoundermineeachother’smanagerialranks

问题4选项

A.theycanconducttheirbusiness

B.theycanindulgethemselves

C.theycancultivatetheirmind

D.theycanexerciseaswellassocialize

问题5选项

A.Executivestendtoignoredoctors’adviceandwarnings.

B.Executivesaresensitivetopressurefromtheyoungergeneration.

C.Allchiefexecutivescanearnmillionsofdollarsayear.

D.Executivesarecarefulofwhattheyeat.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节推理题。根据第二段的内容可知，选项A,B,C均表述错误；只有选项D符合原文。

2.语义辨析题。根据原文句意可知，这种运动能够“保持心脏健康”，由此可推测这是一种身体的锻炼，选项中只有选项B正确。

3.细节判断题。根据最后一段首句“Corporatehead-hunting,carriedonby“executivesearchfirms”,isagrowingindustry.”可知选项C与原文相符。

4.细节判断题。根据关键词“golf”定位到第三段最后一句“Golfprovideshimwithasportiveoutletthatcombineswithsomeusefulsocializing.”高尔夫不仅提供了一个运动的场所，还结合了一些有用的社交活动。选项D符合原文。

5.细节判断题。根据第一段第一句“Itisnotunusualforchiefexecutivestocollectmillionsofdollarsayearinpay,stockoptions,andbonuses.”高管们每年通过薪酬、股票期权和奖金能获得数百万美元，这并不罕见。原文并没说所有的主管都年入百万，选项C表述太绝对，所以不正确。

21.单选题

（）theincreaseinthenumberofcomputersinouroffices,theamountofpaperthatweneedhasrisenaswell.

问题1选项

A.Alongwith

B.Altogether

C.Although

D.Allalong

【答案】A

【解析】alongwith随同...…一起；altogether完全，总而言之；although尽管，虽然；allalong始终，一直。句意：随着我们办公室电脑数量的增加，我们需要的纸的数量也增加了。选项A符合句意。

22.单选题

The（）emphasisonexamsisbyfarthewontformofcompetitioninschools.

问题1选项

A.negligent

B.edible

C.fabulous

D.disproportionate

【答案】D

【解析】negligent疏忽的；edible可食用的；fabulous极好的；disproportionate不成比例的。句意：到目前为止，过分强调考试是学校竞争的惯常形式。选项D符合句意。

23.单选题

AdamSmith,writinginthe1770s,wasthefirstpersontoseetheimportanceofthedivisionoflaborandtoexplainpartofitsadvantages.HegivesasanexampletheprocessbywhichpinsweremadeinEngland.

“Onemandrawsoutthewire;anotherstrengthensit;athirdcutsit;afourthpointsit;afifthgrindsitatthetoptoprepareittoreceivethehead.Tomaketheheadrequirestwoorthreeoperations.Toputitonisaseparateoperation,topolishthepinsisanother.Andtheimportantbusinessofmakingpinsis,inthismanner,dividedintoabouteighteenoperations,whichinsomefactoriesareallperformedbydifferentpeople,thoughinothersthesamemanwillsometimesperformtwoorthreeofthem.”

Tenmen,Smithsaid,inthisway,turnedouttwelvepoundsofpinsadayorabout4,800pinsperworker.Butifallofthemhadworkedseparatelyandindependentlywithoutdivisionoflabor,noneofthemcouldhavemadetwentypinsinadayandperhapsnotevenone.

Therecanbenodoubtthatdivisionoflaborisanefficientwayoforganizingwork.Fewerpeoplecanmakemorepins.AdamSmithsawthisbuthealsotookitforgrantedthatdivisionoflaborisinitselfresponsibleforeconomicgrowthanddevelopmentandthatitaccountsforthedifferencebetweenexpandingeconomiesandthosethatstandstill.Butdivisionoflaboraddsnothingnew;itonlyenablespeopletoproducemoreofwhattheyalreadyhave.

1.Accordingtothepassage,AdamSmithwasthefirstpersonto（）.

2.AdamSmithsawthatthedivisionoflabor（）.

3.AdamSmithmentionedthenumber4,800inorderto（）.

4.Accordingtothewriter,AdamSmith’smistakewasinbelievingthatdivisionoflabor（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcouldserveasanappropriatetitleforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.takeadvantageofthedivisionoflabor

B.introducethedivisionoflaborintoEngland

C.understandtheeffectsofthedivisionoflabor

D.explainthecausesofthedivisionoflabor

问题2选项

A.enabledeachworkertomakepinsmorequicklyandmorecheaply

B.increasedthepossibleoutputperworker

C.increasedthenumberofpeopleemployedinfactories

D.improvedthequalityofpinsproduced

问题3选项

A.showtheadvantagesofthedivisionoflabor

B.showtheadvantagesoftheoldcraftsystem

C.emphasizehowpowerfultheindividualworkerwas

D.emphasizetheimportanceofincreasedproduction

问题4选项

A.wasanefficientwayoforganizingwork

B.wasanimportantdevelopmentinmethodsofproduction

C.certainlyledtoeconomicdevelopment

D.increasedtheproductionofexistinggoods

问题5选项

A.AdamSmith,theEnglishEconomist

B.TheTheoryofDivisionofLabor

C.DivisionofLabor,anEfficientWayofOrganizingWork

D.AdamSmith,theLastDiscovererofDivisionofLabor

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第一句可知，AdamSmith是第一个认识到劳动分工的重要性并解释其部分优势的人。选项C符合原文。

2.细节推断题。根据最后一段第二句“Fewerpeoplecanmakemorepins.”可知，劳动分工增加了每个工人尽可能多的产量，所以选项B正确。

3.细节推断题。根据第三段的内容可知，如果没有进行分工，没有工人能在一天内完成二十枚别针，甚至连一枚都做不成，而通过分工合作，相当于每个工人生产4800枚别针，作者是想通过这一数字来说明分工的优势。选项A正确。

4.细节推断题。最后一段第三句“AdamSmithsawthisbuthealsotookitforgrantedthatdivisionoflaborisinitselfresponsibleforeconomicgrowthanddevelopment...”但他也理所当然地认为，劳动分工本质上对经济增长和发展负责。选项C符合原文。

5.主旨题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是劳动分工，重点不是在于AdamSmith也不是讲述理论，所以选项C最能概括全文。

24.单选题

Televisionhasbecomequiteavigorousactivity.Sittingupisexhaustingsomostpeople（）downwhilewatchingtelevision.

问题1选项

A.lay

B.lie

C.lying

D.lied

【答案】B

【解析】形近词辨析。根据句意可知这里应填入动词且意为“躺”,首先排除选项A和C；句子时态为一般现在时,所以选项B正确。

25.单选题

Theteamleaderofmountainclimbersmarkedout（）.

问题1选项

A.thatseemedtobethebestroute

B.whatseemedtobethebestroute

C.whichseemedtobetilebestroute

D.somethingthattobethebestroute

【答案】B

【解析】本句缺少的成分是宾语从句，只有选项B能作为宾语从句。that一般引导同位语从句；选项C缺少先行词；选项D用法不正确，所以本题选B。

26.单选题

SomescientistshavesuggestedthatEarthisakindofzooorwildlife（

）

forintelligentspacebeings,likethewildernessareaswehavesetuponearthtoallowanimalstodevelopnaturallywhileweobservethem.

问题1选项

A.conservation

B.maintenance

C.storage

D.reserve

【答案】D

【解析】固定用法。wildlifereserve指野生动物保护区。所以选项D正确。

27.单选题

Theannual（）ofthedepartmentstorestartstomorrow.

问题1选项

A.stocking

B.stocktaking

C.stockpiling

D.stockholding

【答案】B

【解析】形近词辨析。stocking长袜；stocktaking盘点存货；stockpiling贮存，囤积；stockholding持有股票或证券。句意：百货公司的年度盘点明天开始。选项B符合句意。

28.单选题

Remembertoaskfora（）ofqualityforthesegoods;otherwisetheywillnotofferanymaintenance.

问题1选项

A.warranty

B.promise

C.certificate

D.receipt

【答案】A

【解析】上下文语义。句意：记得要为这些货物要求质量保证；否则他们不会提供任何维修。选项A符合语境。

29.单选题

BritishPrimeMinisterTonyBlairpromisedtheelectoratethatgunswouldnotbefiredwithoutanattempttowinafurtherU.N.sanction.

问题1选项

A.allies

B.delegates

C.voters

D.juries

【答案】C

【解析】名词词义辨析。electorate的前缀为elect-（选-），可以推测出electorate意为“选民”，所以选项C正确。

30.单选题

Itmustguaranteefreedomofexpression,totheendthatall（）totheflowofideasshallberemoved.

问题1选项

A.prophecies

B.transactions

C.arguments

D.hindrances

【答案】D

【解析】prophecies预言；transactions交易，事务；arguments辩论；hindrances障碍，妨碍。句意：必须保证言论自由，最终思想流动的一切障碍都应消除。选项D符合句意。

31.翻译题

中国已经发展成为一个全球极富吸引力的、现实的大市场。世界各国和地区不少有远见卓识的企业家，都将目光投向了中国，并从投资活动中获得了丰厚的回报。我相信，中国加入世贸组织后，外商参与中国投资活动的机会将越来越多，自身发展的空间也越来越大。在中国的投资活动一定能成为沟通世界各国和地区的企业家与中国市场的一座桥梁，促进中国和世界经济共同发展、共同繁荣。

【答案】Practicallyasthemostattractivemarketintheworld,Chinahasdrawntheattentionofworldwideentrepreneurswhoseacuteinsightledtowealthybenefitsfromtheirinvestment.IbelievethattherewillbemoreopportunitiesforforeignpeopletotakepartintheinvestmentinChinainthewakeofitsWTOentryandexpandtheirspaceforfurtherdevelopment.TheseactivitieswillcertainlyserveasthebridgelinkingtogethertheentrepreneursaroundtheworldandtheirtargetChinesemarketinthehopeofpromotingmutualdevelopmentandprosperityforChineseandtheworldeconomy.

32.单选题

Everymaninthiscountryhastherighttolivewherehewantsto,（

）thecolorofhisskin.

问题1选项

A.withtheexceptionof

B.inthelightof

C.byvirtueof

D.regardlessof

【答案】D

【解析】词组词义辨析。withtheexceptionof除......以外；inthelightof根据，依据；byvirtueof依靠，凭借，由于；regardlessof不顾，不管。句意：这个国家的每个人都有权住在他想住的地方，不管他的肤色如何。选项D符合句意。

33.单选题

Duringhertwo-weekstayinBeijing,Elizabethnever（）achrome(chance)topracticeherChinese.

问题1选项

A.passedby

B.passedon

C.passedout

D.passedup

【答案】D

【解析】passby经过，走过；passon去世，传递；passout昏倒，失去知觉；passup拒绝，错过。passupachancetodosth.错过或放弃做某事的机会。句意：在北京逗留的两周中，Elizabeth从未错过任何一个练习汉语的机会。选项D符合句意。

34.单选题

Theincreaseinstudentnumbers（）manyproblemsfortheuniversities.

问题1选项

A.forces

B.presses

C.provides

D.poses

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。force强迫，迫使；press逼迫；provide提供；pose造成，形成。句意：学生人数的增加给大学造成了许多问题。选项D符合句意。

35.单选题

Theanalysissuggeststhatthetradeoffbetweenourchildren’scollegeandourownretirementsecurityischilling.

问题1选项

A.frightening

B.promising

C.freezing

D.revealing

【答案】A

【解析】形容词词义辨析。chilling指令人寒心的，使人恐惧的。选项A与之意思相近，正确。

36.单选题

Plasticbagsareusefulforholdingmanykindsoffood,（）theircleanness,toughnessandlowcost.

问题1选项

A.byvirtueof

B.inadditionto

C.forthesakeof

D.asopposedto

【答案】A

【解析】byvirtueof借助，由于；inadditionto除......之外；forthesakeof为了......；asopposedto与...相反。句意：塑料袋由于其干净、结实和低成本的优点，可用于装各种各样的食物。选项A符合句意。

37.单选题

Evidence,reference,andfootnotesbythethousandtestifytoascrupulousresearcherwhodoesconsiderablejusticetoafu