2022年考研考博-考博英语-湘潭大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号9

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-湘潭大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

JanHendrikSchon’ssuccessseemedtoogoodtobetrue,anditwas.InonlyfouryearsasaphysicistatBellLaborites,Schon,32,hadco-authored90scientificpapers—oneevery16days—dealingwithnewdiscoveriesinsuperconductivity,lasers,nanotechnologyandquantumphysics.Thisoutputastonishedhiscolleagues,andmadethemsuspicious.Whenoneco-workernoticedthatthesametableofdataappearedintwoseparatepapers—whichalsohappenedtoappearinthetwomostprestigiousscientificjournalsintheworld,ScienceandNature—thejigwasup.InOctober2002,aBellLabsinvestigationfoundthatSchonhadfalsifiedandfabricateddata.Hiscareerasascientistwasfinished.Scientificscandals,whichareasoldasscienceitself,tendtofollowsimilarpatternsofpresumptionandduereward.

Inrecentyears,ofcourse,thepressureonscientiststopublishinthetopjournalshasincreased,makingthejournalsmuchmorecrucialtocareersuccess.ThequestionsarewhetherNatureandSciencehavebecometoopowerfulasarbitersofwhatsciencereachtothepublic,andwhetherthejournalsareuptotheirtaskasgatekeepers.Eachscientificspecialtyhasitsownsetofjournals.PhysicistshavePhysicalReviewLetters,neuroscientistshaveNeuron,andsoforth.ScienceandNature,though,aretheonlytwomajorjournalsthatcoverthegamutofscientificdisciplines,frommeteorologyandzoologytoquantumphysicsandchemistry.Asaresult,journalistslooktothemeachweekforthecreamofthecropofnewsciencepapers.Andscientistslooktothejournalsinparttoreachjournalists.Whydotheycare?Competitionforgrantshasgottensofiercethatscientistshavesoughtpopularrenowntogainanedgeovertheirrivals.Publicationinspecializedjournalswillwintheacclaimsfromacademicsandsatisfythepublish-or-perishimperative,butScienceandNaturecomewiththeaddedbonusofpotentiallygettingyourpaperwrittenupinTheNewYorkTimesandotherpublications.

Scientiststendtopaymoreattentiontothebigtwothantootherjournals.Whenmorescientistsknowaboutaparticularpaper,they’remoreapttociteitintheirownpapers.Beingoft-citedwillincreaseascientist's“ImpactFactor’’，ameasureofhowoftenpapersarecitedbypeers.Fundingagenciesusethe"ImpactFactor'*asaroughmeasureoftheinfluenceofscientiststhey’reconsideringsupporting.

1.TheachievementsofJanHendrikSchonturnedouttobe（

）.

2.TofindwhyscientificscandalslikeSchon’soccur,peoplehavebeguntoraisedoubtaboutthetwotopjournalsfor

（

）.

3.Theexpression’’thecreamofthecrop”inParagraph3likelymeans（

）.

问题1选项

A.surprising

B.inconceivable

C.praiseworthy

D.fraudulent

问题2选项

A.theiracademicprestige

B.theirimportancetocareersuccess

C.theirpopularitywithscientificcircles

D.theirreviewingsystem

问题3选项

A.themostofall

B.thebestofall

C.therecentlyreleased

D.thewidelyspread

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。题干询问‘JanHendrikSchon的成就被证明是…’。在第一段中，最开始讲到Schon的成绩好得令人难以置信，而后其同事发现他是抄袭的，然后贝尔实验室的调查发现了他伪造和捏造了数据，所以他结束了其科学生涯。所以D选项“骗人的”正确。

2.细节事实题。题干询问‘为了找出像肖恩这样的科学丑闻发生的原因，人们开始怀疑两个顶级期刊上…’。由第二段第二句“ThequestionsarewhetherNatureandSciencehavebecometoopowerfulasarbitersofwhatsciencereachtothepublic,andwhetherthejournalsareuptotheirtaskasgatekeepers.他质疑的问题是，自然和科学是否已经变得过于强大，成为科学走向公众的仲裁者，以及这些期刊是否能够胜任它们作为看门人的任务。”确定A选项“它们的学术声誉”正确。

3.推理判断题。题干询问‘第3段中的“thecreamofthecrop”可能是指’。由第三段第四句“Asaresult,journalistslooktothemeachweekforthecreamofthecropofnewsciencepapers.因此，记者们每周都要从这些新发表的科学论文中寻找精华。”确定B选项“所有中最好的”正确。

2.单选题

Antarcticahasactuallybecomeakindofspacestation---auniqueobservationpostfordetectingimportantchangesintheworld'senvironment.Remotefrommajorsourcesofpollutionandthecomplexgeologicalandecologicalsystemsthatprevailelsewhere,Antarcticamakespossiblescientificmeasurementsthatareoftensharperandeasiertointerpretthanthosemadeinotherpartsoftheworld.

GrowingnumbersofscientiststhereforeseeAntarcticaasauniqueobservationdistant-early-warningsensor,wherepotentiallydangerousglobaltrendsmaybespottedbeforetheyshowuptothenorth.Onepromisingfieldofinvestigationisglaciology.ScholarsfromtheUnitedStates,Switzerland,andFrancearepursuingsevenseparatebutrelatedprojectsthatreflecttheirconcernforthehealthoftheWestAntarcticIceSheet,aconcerntheybelievetheworldatlargeshouldshare.

TheTransantarcticMountain,someofthemmorethan14,000feethigh,dividethecontinentintotwoverydifferentregions.Thepartofthecontinenttothe"east”ofthemountainsisahighplateaucoveredbyanicesheetnearlytwomilesthick."West"ofthemountain,thehalfofthecontinentsouthoftheAmericasisalsocoveredbyanicesheet,buttheretheicerestsonrockthatismostlywellbelowsealevel.IftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared,thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoasparseclusterofisland.

Whileiceandsnowareobviouslycentraltomanyenvironmentalexperiments,othersfocusonthemysterious"dryvalley"ofAntarctica,valleysthatcontainlittleiceorsnoweveninthedepthsofwinter.SlashedthroughthemountainsofsouthernVictoriaLand,thesevalleysonceheldenormousglaciersthatdescended9,000feetfromthepolarplateautotheRossSea.Nowtheglaciersaregone,perhapsacasualtyoftheglobalwarmingtrendduringthe10,000yearssincetheiceage.Eventhesnowthatfallsinthedryvalleysisblastedoutbyviciouswindsthatroardownfromthepolarplateautothesea.Leftbarearespectaculargorges,rippledfieldsofsanddunes,clustersofboulderssculpturedintofantasticshapesby100-mile-an-hourwinds,andanauraofextraterrestrialdesolation.

Despitetheunearthlyaspectofthedryvalleys,somescientistsbelievetheymaycarryamessageofhopeoftheverdantpartsoftheearth.Somescientistsbelievethatinsomecasesthedryvalleysmaysoakuppollutantsfasterthanpollutantsenterthem.

1.WhatisthepointtheauthormadeinParagraphOne?

2.HowareeastandwestofTransantarcticMountaindifferentfromeachother?

3.WhatwouldtheresultbeiftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared?

4.Whichofthefollowingaboutdryvalleysistrue?

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

问题1选项

A.AntarcticaisaspacestationestablishedbyUSA.

B.Antarcticaimitatesworldenvironment.

C.Antarcticahasseriouspollutions.

D.Antarcticaisabetterplacetodocertainscientificresearch.

问题2选项

A.Eastsideiswarmerthanwestside.

B.Eastsideismorethan14000feethigh.

C.Iceineastsideisabovesealevel.

D.Iceinwestsideisabovesealevel.

问题3选项

A.Thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbedisappeared.

B.Thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereduced.

C.ThewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbecomescatteredIslands.

D.ThewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoaclusterofIslands.

问题4选项

A.theyhavenothingleftinsideandbecomesdiscarded.

B.theymaybethehopeofenvironmentalproblemsinourplanet.

C.theyneverheldglaciersinitslonghistory.

D.Theyareuselesstoscientistsasnothingisleftbehind.

问题5选项

A.Antarctica:Earth'sEarly-Warningstation..

B.AntarcticaandenvironmentalProblems.

C.Antarctica:aUniqueObservationPost.

D.Antarctica:aMysteriousPlace.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。题目提问‘作者在第1段中提出了什么要点？’文章第一段大意是“南极洲实际上已经成为一种太空站：一个独特的观测站，用来探测世界环境的变化。南极洲远离污染，又不同于其它任何地方，普遍存在着复杂的地质和生态环境，所以，这里可以得到更敏锐又易解释的科学测量结果。”所以作者提出的要点是D选项“南极洲是进行某些科学研究的更好之地”。

2.细节事实题。题目提问‘跨南极山脉的东西有何不同？’根据文章第三段中第二句和第三句“Thepartofthecontinenttothe"east"ofthemountainsisahighplateaucoveredbyanicesheetnearlytwomilesthick."West"ofthemountain,thehalfofthecontinentsouthoftheAmericasisalsocoveredbyanicesheet,buttheretheicerestsonrockthatismostlywellbelowsealevel.山脉“东部”的大陆部分是一个被近两英里厚的冰原覆盖的高原。在山脉的“西部”，美洲南部大陆的一半也被冰原覆盖，但是那里的冰主要是在低于海平面的岩石上。”确定C选项“东部的冰高于海平面”正确。

3.细节事实题。题目提问‘如果南极西部冰盾消失，结果会是什么？’根据文章第三段中最后一句“IftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared,thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoasparseclusterofisland.如果南极西部冰盖消失，大陆西部将会变成一个稀疏的岛屿群。”确定D选项“大陆西部成为一群岛屿”正确。

4.细节事实题。题目提问‘关于干河谷，下列哪个是真的？’根据文章第五段第一句“Despitetheunearthlyaspectofthedryvalleys,somescientistsbelievetheymaycarryamessageofhopeoftheverdantpartsoftheearth.尽管这些干谷看上去不像地球，但一些科学家认为，它们可能为地球上青翠的地方带来了希望。”确定B选项“他们可能为地球上绿色地区带来了希望的信息”正确。

5.主旨大意题。题目提问‘这篇文章最适合的标题是？’文章谈论南极洲科研考察的重要性，以及介绍其相关的环境特色和问题，所以B选项“南极洲和环境问题”是最适合的标题。

3.单选题

Theactual（

）ofWilson'spositionwasalways（

）byhisrefusaltocompromiseafterhavinginitiallyagreedtonegotiateasettlement.

问题1选项

A.outcome;foreshadowed

B.logic;enhanced

C.rigidity;betrayed

D.uncertainty;alleviated

【答案】C

【解析】第一个空是考查名称的辨析，outcome“结果，效果”；logic“原理,逻辑性”；rigidity“严格，刻板”；uncertainty“不确定性”；根据句子后半部分的意思可以推断出第一个空应该填rigidity,表示立场的固执僵化；第二个空是考查动词的辨析，foreshadow“成为前兆，暗示”;enhance“提高，增加（价值，品质，吸引力等）”；betray“泄露，出卖，背叛（原则或信仰）”，根据句意‘由于威尔逊在最初同意谈判以达成协议之后又拒绝让步妥协，因此，其立场实际的固执僵化总是得以暴露无遗’可知第二个空应该填betrayed，所以C选项正确。

4.翻译题

IfyoujudgetheprogressofhumanitybyHomerSimpson,ParisHilton,andGirlsGoneWildvideos,youmightconcludethatourevolutionhasstalledorevenshiftedintoreverse.Notso,scientistssay.Humansareevolvingfasterthaneverbefore,pickingupnewgenetictraitsandtalentsthatmayhelpussurviveaturbulentfuture.

Muchremodelinghasgoneonsciencethedawnofagricultureabout10millenniumsago.”Peoplewholived10000yearsagoweremuchmorelikeNeanderthalsthanwearelikethosepeople:saysJohnHawks,aprofessorofanthropologyattheUniversityofWisconsin."We’vechanged".

Hawksisamongagrowingnumberofscientistswhoareusingwhole-genomesequencing(全基因组测试)andothermodemtechnologiestozeroinonjusthowwe’vechanged.Theirresearchishelpingilluminatenotonlyhowhumansbecamewhatwearebutalsowherewemightbeheaded.Forinstance,somescientistsspeculatethatchangesinhumanmatingpatternsmaybecontributingtotheincreaseinautism.Otherstrackhowhumanshavemorphedinresponsetochangingcircumstance,includingenhancedabilitiestometabolizesugarandfightdisease.SomepeoplearegeneticallymoreresistanttotheHIVvirus,forinstance,andthattraitshouldbecomemorecommoninthefuture,asthosepeoplearemorelikelytosurviveandhavechildrenwhoareresistant.Yetforsomepeople,themakeoverisn’tbigenoughorfastenough.SomeparentshavestartedusingDNAtestingtochoosethegeneticmakeupoftheirchildren,rejectingembryoswithinheritedflawsorembracingthosewithdesiredtraits-suchasbeingtherightsex.

Untilrecently,anthropologistthoughtthathumanevolutionhadsloweddown,butlastDecember,Hawksreportedthatithadactuallyaccelerated100-foldinthepast5000to10000years.HefiguredthatoutbycomparingchunksofDNAamong269peoplefromaroundtheworld.Overtime,DNAaccumulatesrandommutations,justasthefrontofawhiteT-shirttendstoaccumulatespots.ThebiggerthechunksofDNAwithoutrandomspots,themostrecentlyithadbeenmimed.Usingthissystem,Hawksconcludedthatrecentgeneticchangesaccountforabout7percentofhumangenome.Muchoftheincrease,hesays,hasfueledbythegrowthoftheworld’spopulation,whichhasexpandedbyafactorof1000overthepast10000years.Havingmorepeopleincreasestheoddsofmutations.

Atthesametime,thehumangenomehasbeenscramblingtoadopttoarapidlychangingworld-11000yearsago,nobodyframed,nobodymilkeddomesticatedanimals,andnobodylivedinacity.Peoplewithamutationthataidedsurvivalweremorelikelytothrive,reproduce,andpassthatmutationalongtooffspringForexample,thecapacitytodigestlactose,thesugarinmilk,hasbecomecommononlyoverthepast3000years.Now,about95percentofthepeopleinnorthernGermanyhavethemutation,whichalsopoppedupindependentlyamongtheMasaiinAfricanandtheLappsinFinlandHawkssays:"thisisreallyrapidevolution."

Humanswillcontinuetochangetocopewithnewdiseases,ifhistoryisanyguideGenesthatdefendagainstinfectionsdiseasehavebeenamongthemostrapidlyevolvingpartsofthehumangenome.PeoplewhoseancestorslivedinEuropeancitiesaremorelikelytohavesomeresistancetosmallpox,whilepeopleinsub-SaharanAfricaaremorelikelytogeneticallyresistancetomalaria.Justweeksago,researchreportedthatonegeneticvariantthatonegeneticvariantthatprotectsagainstmalariaalsomakespeoplemoresusceptibletoAIDS,adiscoverythatcouldleadtotailoredtreatmentifforAIDSinAfrica.

Rightnow,ourgenesareplayingcatch-upagainstmodemscourges-likediabetes,NativeAmericansandPolynesians,whoseculturesonlyrecentlyadoptedaEuropean-styledietofdiabetes.Thetheoryisthatthe'thriftygenes"thathelpedthosegroupssurvivefamineshaven’thadtimetoadapttotheglucosespikescausedbyeatingstarchyfood."Howwemovesugarsaroundhowbumthemhavereallychangedalot,"saysGregoryWary,anevolutionarybiologistatDukeUniversity.

It’sevenpossiblethatveryrecentchangesinsocietyandtheworkplacecouldunderpintherecentriseincasesofautism.SimonBaron-Cohen,directoroftheAutismResearchCentreattheUniversityofCambridge,wasstruckbyhowmanyoftheparentsofchildrenwithautismwhohetestedwerereallygood‘‘systematizers”---peoplewhounderstandtheworldaccordingtorulesorlaws.TheyalsoweremorelikelytohaveafatherwhoworkedinengineeringHewondersiftheincreaseinautismdiagnosescouldbepartlydueto‘assortativemating’---thatis,peoplepickingmateslikethemselves.

Peoplewithautism(自闭症)spectrumdisorderareoftendetailorientedandanalytical,andtodaytheymighthaveaneasiertimefindingaspousewithsimilarabilitiesthantheywouldhaveinpasteras.Baron-Cohennotesthatinthelate1950s,onlytwopercentoftheundergraduatesatMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologywerewomen;now,50percentare.So,he’ssettingupastudytotestwhetherassortativematingamongpeoplewithageneticpredispositionforautismcouldbefuelingthebirthofmorechildrenwithautism.

Thehumanbrain,whichhasevolvedintocognitionuniqueintheworld,islikelytochangeevenmoreinthefuture.Ournicheinnature,saysStephenPinker,anexperimentalpsychologistatHarvardUniversitywhostudiestheevolutionoflanguageandthemindisthe’’cognitiveniche".Inresearchpublishedlastyear,Waryidentifiedgenesthatcontrolglucosemetabolisminthebrainasamongthosemostrecentlyevolved.Thosechangesmayhavebeenessentialtofuelingthehumanbrain’sgrowthtoasizetwicethatofournearestcousinthechimpanzee."Ifyoumakeabigbrain,it’sanenergyhog:Warysays.’’It'slikeputtingV-8energyinatinylittlecar/'Itcouldalsohelpexplainwhychimpanzeesdon'tgetdiabetes,whitehumansdo.

【答案】霍克斯是越来越多使用全基因组测序和其他现代技术来关注人类变化的科学家之一。

例如，有些人在基因上对艾滋病毒有更强的抵抗力，这种特性在未来应该会变得更加普遍，因为这些人更有可能存活下来，并生下具有抗艾滋病毒能力的孩子。

一些父母已经开始使用DNA测试来选择他们孩子的基因组成，拒绝那些有遗传缺陷的胚胎，或者接受那些有理想特征的胚胎---例如恰当的性别的胚胎。

其祖先生活在欧洲城市的人更有可能对天花有抵抗能力，而生活在撒哈拉以南非洲地区的人更有可能生来就有抗疟疾能力。

自闭症谱系障碍患者往往注重细节，善于分析。如今，他们可能比过去的时代更容易找到具有类似能力的配偶。

5.单选题

（

）inarecentsciencecompetition,thethreestudentswereawardedscholarshipstotaling$21,000.

问题1选项

A.Judgedthebest

B.Judgingthebest

C.Tobejudgedthebest

D.Havingjudgedthebest

【答案】A

【解析】语法题。动词judge和句子主语thethreestudents是逻辑动宾关系，后面有完整的主谓宾，所以使用表示被动意义的过去分词。排除B，D选项。由于judge表示的动作在主句动词award之前，因此可以排除选项C，所以A选项正确。

6.单选题

Duringtheinterview,themayorexpressedhisheart-feltgratitudethroughthereportersforthetimelyassistanceandsupportthatpeoplefromothercitieshavekindly（

）tohiscitizensafterthecitywasstruckbyseveralearthquakes.

问题1选项

A.rendered

B.secured

C.sought

D.furnished

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析题。A选项的render“给予某物作为报偿或用以交换，回报，归还”；B选项的secure“将某物固定住，系住，使某物安全，保护”；C选项的seek“寻找，探索”；D选项的furnish“提供，陈设，布置”。根据句意‘在采访中，市长通过报道对其他城市的人在该市遭受了几次地震袭击后给予市民的及时的友好的援助和支持表示了衷心的感谢’确定A选项正确。

7.单选题

BroadlytheEnglishmanisaquiet,shy,reservedpersonwhoisfolly（1）onlyamongpeopleheknowswell.Inthepresenceofstrangersorforeignersheoftenseemsinhibited,

（2）

embarrassed.Youhaveonlyto

（3）

acommutertrainanymorningoreveningtoseethetruthofthis.Serious-lookingbusinessmenandwomensitreadingtheirnewspapersordozinginacomer;noonespeaksInfact,todosowouldseemunusual

（4）

.Thereisanunwrittenbutclearlyunderstoodcodeofbehaviorwhich,

（5）

broken,makesthepersonimmediatelytheobjectof

（6）

.

Itisawell-knownfactthattheEnglishhavea

（7）

forthediscussionoftheirweatherandthatgivenhalfachance,theywilltalkaboutit

（8）

.SomepeoplearguethatitisBecauseEnglishweather

（9）

forecastandhenceisasourceofinterestand

（10）

toeveryone.Thismaybeso

（11）

Englishmancannothavemuch

（12）

intheweathermen,who,afterpromisingfine,sunnyweatherfortheFollowingday;areoftenprovedwrong

（13）

acouldovertheAtlanticbringsrainyweathertoaildistricts!Themaninthestreetseemstobeasaccurate-orasinaccurate---astheweathermeninhis

（14）

.

Theoverseasvisitorsmaybeexcusedforshowingsurpriseatthenumberofreferences

（15）

weatherthattheEnglishmaketoeachotherinthecourseofasingleday.Veryoftenconversationalgreetingsare

（16）

bycommentsontheweather.”Niceday,isn’tit?""Beautiful!"maywellbeheardinsteadof"Goodmorning,howareyou?"

（17）

theforeignermayconsiderthisexaggeratedandcomic,itisworthwhilepointingoutthatitcouldbeusedtohisadvantage.

（18）

hewantstostartaconversationwithanEnglishmanbutis

（19）

toknowwheretobegin,hecoulddowelltomentionthestateoftheweather.Itisasafesubjectwhichwill

（20）

ananswerfromeventhemostreservedofEnglishmen.

问题1选项

A.entertained

B.relaxed

C.amused

D.enlightened'

问题2选项

A.yet

B.otherwise

C.even

D.though

问题3选项

A.experience

B.undergo

C.travel

D.witness

问题4选项

A.Obviously

B.Contrarily

C.Frequently

D.Practically

问题5选项

A.unless

B.if

C.while

D.asif

问题6选项

A.suspicion

B.opposition

C.attack

D.study

问题7选项

A.passion

B.fancy

C.Necessity

D.topic

问题8选项

A.atlength

B.toagreat

C.fromtheir

D.byallmeans

问题9选项

A.follows

B.predicts

C.defies

D.violates

问题10选项

A.deduction

B.contemplation

C.speculation

D.contribution

问题11选项

A.Still

B.Also

C.Certainly

D.Fundamentally

问题12选项

A.faith

B.reliance

C.honor

D.credit

问题13选项

A.if

B.once

C.when

D.whereas

问题14选项

A.propositions

B.predictions

C.approval

D.defiance

问题15选项

A.about

B.on

C.asfor

D.to

问题16选项

A.replaced

B.conducted

C.executed

D.proposed

问题17选项

A.Since

B.Although

C.however

D.Before

问题18选项

A.Evenif

B.Because

C.If

D.For

问题19选项

A.ataloss

B.atlast

C.infact

D.ontheoccasion

问题20选项

A.stimulate

B.constitute

C.furnish

D.provoke

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:B

第6题:A

第7题:A

第8题:A

第9题:C

第10题:C

第11题:C

第12题:A

第13题:C

第14题:B

第15题:D

第16题:A

第17题:B

第18题:C

第19题:A

第20题:A

【解析】（1）动词辨析题。根据前一句句意‘大体上来说，英国人比较安静、羞涩、保守，他们只在非常熟悉的人而前才能完全放松’，B选项relaxed正确。

（2）副词辨析题。句意：当有陌生人或外国人在场的时候，他们通常会显得拘谨，甚至局促不安。由inhibited到embarrassed是递进关系，所以C选项的even正确。

（3）名词辨析题。句意：你只需留意一下早晚通勤车的状况便可证实这一点。A选项的experience“经历”；B选项的undergo“经历，遭受，承受”；C选项的travel“旅行，前进”；D选项的witness“目击，证明”,D选项正确。

（4）副词辨析题。句意：实际上，有条没有明文规定但都心知肚明的行为准则。A选项的obviously“明显地”；B选项的contrarily“相反地，反之，反对地”；C选项的frequently“频繁地，经常地”，不合题意,D选项的Practically“实际地；几乎；事实上”正确。

（5）连词辨析题。句意：如果打破这条行为准则，这人便立刻成为众人怀疑的对象。B选项if表示“如果”，符合句意。

（6）名词辨析题。句意：行为表现不符合常规，应该是引起人们的怀疑。A选项suspicion“怀疑”;B选项opposition“反对”；C选项attack“攻击，抨击”；D选项study“研宄”,A选项正确。

（7）名词辨析题。句意：众所周知，英国人对谈论天气情有独钟”A选项haveapassionfor‘‘对…有强烈的爱好”；B选项haveafancyfor“喜欢，想要”；C选项haveanecessityfor“必要性，需要”；D选项haveatopicfor“有一个话题”，所以A选项符合句意。

（8）介词短语辨析题。句意：只要有机会，他们就能对此做出长篇大论。”A选项atlength“最后，终于，详细地”；B选项toagreatextent“在很大程度上”；C选项fromtheirheart“从心底”；D选项byallmeans“一定，务必，尽一切办法”,A选项符合句意。

（9）动词辨析题。句意：有人认为这是由于英国的天气变幻莫测，因此勾起了大家的兴趣和思索”。A选项follow“跟随，遵循”;B选项predict“预报，预言”;C选项defy“藐视，公然反抗，挑衅，使落空”；D选项violate“违反，侵犯”,C选项符合句意。

（10）名词辨析题。句意：因此成了每个人趣味和猜测的来源。”A选项contribution“贡献，捐献，投稿”;B选项deduction“扣除，推论”；C选项contemplation“沉思，注视，意图”；D选项speculation“投机，推测，思索”,C选项符合句意。

（11）副词辨析题。句意：当然，英国人不能太相信气象学专家……”。A选项still“仍然，更”；B选项also“同样，也，而且”；C选项certainly“当然，必定”；D选项fundamentally“根本地，从根本上，基础地”。C选项符合句意。

（12）名词辨析题。句意：当然，英国人不能太相信气象学专家……”A选项havefaithin“相信，对…信任”;B选项havereliancein“信赖”；C选项honor“荣誉，信用”；D选项credit“信用，信誉”。A选项符合句意。

（13）连词辨析题。句意：天气预报员承诺第二天会是晴朗好天气的时候，伴随着大西洋上反气旋所带来的降雨就会证明他们的失测”，when引导时间状语从句。

（14）名词辨析题。句意：如果按照天气预报员的预测，行走在大街上的人们可以说是愚蠢的，也可以说是明智的”。A选项proposition“命题，提议”；B选项prediction“预报，预言”；C选项approval“批准认可，赞成”;D选项defiance“蔑视挑战，反抗”B选项符合句意。

（15）介词辨析题。句意：对于英国人一天之内与彼此交谈中不断提及天气状况，海外游客所表示出的惊讶是可以体谅的”。thattheEnglishmake是定语从句，先行词是references，referencestoweather“提及天气”。所以D选项介词to正确。

（16）动词辨析题。句意：通常，人们见面就谈论天气情况而不是传统的问候。A选项replace“取代，代替”；B选项conduct“管理，引导”；C选项execute“实行，执行，处死”；D选项propose“建议，打算”。由下文的insteadof确定A选项正确。

（17）连词词义辨析题。句意：尽管外国人认为这样或许有些夸张滑稽，但值得一提的是了解这个对他是有好处的”，前后句之间是转折关系，所以B选项although正确。

（18）连词词义辨析题。句意：如果他想和一个英国人聊几句但又不知道从何说起，他可以提提天气情况”。C选项中if表示“如果"符合句意。

（19）固定短语辨析题。A选项ataloss“困惑，茫然，不知所措”；B选项atlast“最后，终于”；C选项infact“事实上，实际上”；D选项ontheoccasion“在那时，值此之际”。句意:如果他想和一个英国人聊几句但又不知道从何说起”。A选项符合句意。

（20）动词辨析题。句意：这是一个稳妥的话题，将会鼓励一位最缄默的英国人作出回答”。A选项stimulate“刺激，鼓舞”;B选项constitute“组成，构成”；C选项furnish“提供，供应”;D选项provoke“驱使，激怒，煽动，惹起”。A选项符合句意。

8.单选题

Giventheadvantagesofelectronicmoney,youmightthinkthatwewouldmovequicklytothecashlesssocietyinwhichallpaymentsaremadeelectronically.（1）,atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecomer.Indeed,predictionsofsuchasocietyhavebeen（2）fortwodecadesbuthavenotyetcometofruition.Forexample,BusinessWeekpredictedin1975thatelectronicmeansofpayment“wouldsoonrevolutionizethevery（3）ofmoneyitself,”onlyto（4）itselfseveralyearslater.Whyhasthemovementtoacashlesssocietybeenso

（5）

incoming?

Althoughelectronicmeansofpaymentmaybemoreefficientthanapaymentsystembasedonpaper,severalfactorswork

（6）thedisappearanceofthepapersystem.First,itisvery（7）tosetupthecomputer,cardreader,andtelecommunicationsnetworksnecessarytomakeelectronicmoneythe

（8）formofpayment.Second,papercheckshavetheadvantagethatthey

（9）

receipts,somethingthatmanyconsumersareunwillingto（10）.Third,theuseofpaperchecksgivesconsumersseveraldaysof“float”--ittakesseveraldays（11）acheckiscashedandfundsare

（12）fromtheissuer’saccount,whichmeansthatthewriterofthecheckcanearninterestonthefundsinthemeantime.

（13）electronicpaymentsareimmediate,theyeliminatethefloatfortheconsumer.

Fourth,electronicmeansofpaymentmay（14）securityandprivacyconcerns.Weoftenhearmediareportsthatanunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccessacomputerdatabaseandtoalterinformation（15）there.Becausethisisnotan（16）

occurrence,unscrupulouspersonsmightbeabletoaccessbankaccountsinelectronicpaymentssystemsand

（17）fundsbymovingthemfromsomeoneelse’saccountsintotheirown.The（18）ofthistypeoffraudisnoeasytask,andawholenewfieldofcomputersciencehasdevelopedto

（19）securityissues.Afurtherconcernisthattheuseofelectronicmeansofpaymentleavesanelectronic（20）

thatcontainsalargeamountofpersonaldataonbuyinghabits.Thereareworriesthatgovernment,employers,andmarketersmightbeabletoaccessthesedata,therebyencroachingonourprivacy.

问题1选项

A.However

B.Moreover

C.Therefore

D.Otherwise

问题2选项

A.off

B.back

C.over

D.around

问题3选项

A.power

B.concept

C.history

D.role

问题4选项

A.reward

B.resist

C.resume

D.reverse

问题5选项

A.silent

B.sudden

C.slow

D.steady

问题6选项

A.for

B.against

C.with

D.on

问题7选项

A.imaginative

B.expensive

C.sensitive

D.productive

问题8选项

A.similar

B.original

C.temporary

D.dominant

问题9选项

A.collect

B.provide

C.copy

D.print

问题10选项

A.giveup

B.takeover

C.bringback

D.passdown

问题11选项

A.before

B.after

C.since

D.when

问题12选项

A.kept

B.borrowed

C.released

D.withdrawn

问题13选项

A.Unless

B.Until

C.Because

D.Though

问题14选项

A.hide

B.express

C.raise

D.ease

问题15选项

A.analyzed

B.shared

C.stored

D.displayed

问题16选项

A.unsafe

B.unnatural

C.uncommon

D.unclear

问题17选项

A.steal

B.choose

C.benefit

D.return

问题18选项

A.consideration

B.prevention

C.manipulation

D.justification

问题19选项

A.copewith

B.fightagainst

C.adaptto

D.callfor

问题20选项

A.chunk

B.chip

C.path

D.trail

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

第6题:B

第7题:B

第8题:D

第9题:B

第10题:A

第11题:A

第12题:D

第13题:C

第14题:C

第15题:C

第16题:C

第17题:A

第18题:B

第19题:A

第20题:D

【解析】（1）逻辑关系。空格前“youmightthinkthatwewouldmovequicklytothecashlesssociety你可能认为我们会快速进入一个无现金的社会”，而空格后“atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecomer一个真正的无现金社会可能不会即将来临”，所以空格前后两句句意发生转折，需要填写一个表示转折关系的连词，A选项“然而；但是”正确。B选项moreover“而且；此外”，表递进；C选项therefore“因此；所以”，表结果;D选项otherwise“否则；除此之外；在自他方面”，表对比，均不合逻辑，排除。

（2）固定搭配。空格后“Forexample,BusinessWeekpredictedin1975thatelectronicmeansofpayment例如，商业周刊在1975年预测电子支付方式”可知空格前这里指代的是“对无现金社会的预测早己存在”，D选项的around构成固定搭配bearound表示“存在，出现”，正确。

（3）词义辨析。A选项power“力量;政权；势力”；B选项concept“观念，概念”；C选项history“历史，历史学，来历”；D选项role“角色，作用”。空格所在句子意思为‘例如，1975年《商业周刊》预测电子支付手段很快将“彻底改变货币本身的。”由文章在讲述“电子货币取代纸币”与空格前“revolutionize改革”的对应可知这里指代的是“改革货币本身的概念”，B选项正确。

（4）词义辨析。A选项reward“奖励；奖赏”；B选项resist“抵抗；忍耐”；C选项resume“重新开始，继续”；D选项reverse“使倒退；调换”。空格前“atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecomer—个真正的无现金社会可能不会即将来临”与“onlyto不料竟会"表转折，所以D选项“使倒退”符合语境，正确。句意是‘例如，1975年的《商业周刊》曾预测，电子支付方式“很快就会彻底改变货币本身的概念”，但几年之后又发生了逆转’。

（5）词义辨析。A选项silent“沉默的;寂静的”；B选项sudden“突然的，意外的”；C选项slow“缓慢的；减速的;迟钝的”；D选项steady“稳定的;沉着的”。空格前“atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecomer一个真正的无现金社会可能不会即将来临”，而空格后关键词“coming来到”，所以的C选项“缓慢的”才符合语境，正确。

（6）逻辑关系。由空格前‘虽然电子支付方式可能比基于纸张的支付系统更有效率，’其中“Although尽管”表示转折关系，说明句意发生了转折，所以空格句应该是“几个因素妨碍纸币系统的消失”，所以B选项构成的搭配workagainst“妨碍”符合语境，正确。A选项workfor“为……工作；受雇于”；C选项workwith“与共事；对…有效”；D选项workon“影响，对…起作用；继续工作；从事于……”均不符合语境，排除。

（7）词义辨析。A选项imaginative“虚构的；富于想象的；有创造力的”；B选项expensive“昂贵的;花钱的”；C选项sensitive“敏感的；灵敏的;易受伤害的”;D选项productive“生产的；多产的；富有成效的”。由第六题的分析知这里在介绍妨碍纸币系统消失的因素；所以“安装电脑等应该是昂贵的”，B选项正确。

（8）词义辨析。A选项similar“相似的”；B选项original“最初的;独创的”；