听力短对话分析-ydx(2013.10)课件

CET4ListeningComprehensionPracticemakesperfect!PartI.听力短对话题型分析及解题技巧PartI.

ShortConversationsI.短对话题材II.短对话设题点III.短对话答案内容IV.短对话答案出处V.短对话提问方式II.听力短对话设题点转折处

否定处建议处习惯用语反问处比较处虚拟处

条件处意愿处因果处感叹处时间状语推测处递进处数字处III.听力短对话答案内容事实状况行为活动观点态度地点场景身份关系谈论话题数字信息IV.听力短对话答案出处分类历次考试所占比第二个人话中70.6%两个人话中21.9%第一个人话中7.5%V.听力短对话提问方式分类历次考试所占比What提问89.7%Where提问5.5%How提问2.7%Why提问1.4%Who提问0.7%1.选项分析技巧作题的第一入手点1)根据选项预测谈话内容，并对可能提到的问题进行判断。2)判断试题的类型，以确定摄取答案的形式。3)排除较明显的干扰，缩小正确选项的范围。原则：1)意思相反的选项中往往有一个正确答案。2)与其他三个选项无关的一般不是答案。Youwillread:A)Maryisthesecondsmarteststudentintheclass.B)NooneelseisasbrightasMary.C)BesidesMary,thereareonlytwoothersmartstudentsintheclass.D)Maryisnotasmartstudent.Youwillhear:M:Whodoyouthinkisthesmarteststudentintheclass?W:Maryissecondtonone.Q:WhatdoesthewomansayaboutMary?B)一．场景类题型解题技巧1、地点与方向类试题首先,要预览书面选择项,迅速把它归为地点题或方向类题。其次，根据对话内容，抓住特定场景用词。最后，准备好记笔记，建议直接在表示地点或方向的词语旁记下相关的事项。常用的表示地点与方向的特定场景用语（1）Universityorotherschool

professor,associateprofessor(副教授),lecturer(讲师),assistant(助教),lab,languagelab,courses,examination,exam,quiz,fail,pass,homework,assignmentschoolrecord,marks,score,grades,termpaper,finish(getthrough),liberalarts(文科),engineering(工科),campus,teachingbuilding,teacher’soffice,dormitory,undergraduate(大学生),freshman(大学一年级学生),sophomore(大学二年级学生),junior(大学三年级学生),senior(大学四年级学生),semester(学期),term,optionalcourse(选修课)…

requiredcourse(必修课)（2）Hotelreception(接待处),receptionist(接待员),reservation(预订),single/double

room,bathroom,suite(套房)（发音同sweet）,room

key,bookaroom,roomnumber,luggage,tip(小费),full,check

in(登记住宿),check

out(结帐)…（3）Airportfly,airport,takeoff,land,boardingcard(登机牌),flight,gate,hostess,airways,flightnumber,aircraft,byair,airlines(航线；航空公司),airsick(晕机的),arrival/departuretime(到达/出发时间),bookingoffice(售票处),ticketagent(售票代理人),destination(目的地，终点)…（6）Bookstorebookstore,book,order(订书),stack(书架),shelf,page,edition(版本),copy,outofprint(绝版),available,cover(封皮)…（7）Postofficepostoffice,post,postage(邮资),letter,mail,ordinarymail(普通邮件),registeredmail(挂号邮件),overseasmail,stamp,envelope,deliver,send,telegram,parcel,packet,stick(粘)…（8）Libraryborrow,return,due(到期),overdue(过期),renew(续借),fine(罚款),ontime,referencebook(参考书),shelves,checkout(办理外借手续),lend,latestissue(最新一期的……),bookshelf,stack(书架),catalogue(目录)…

（10）Storestore,departmentstore（百货商店）,shop,men’sdepartment(男装部),women’sdepartment(女装部),counter(柜台),price,onsale(大减价),outofstock(无货),size,style,color,cheap,expensive,costly,cost,fashion,brand(品牌),sale…（11）Courtcourt,judge,lawyer,clerk(书记员),jury(陪审团),witness(证人),defendant(被告),case(案件),appeal(上诉),sentence(判刑),guilty(有罪的),innocent(无辜的),crime…（12）SomepropernamesAlaska(阿拉斯加),Australia,Austria,Boston,Brazil(巴西),California,Canada,Chicago,Denmark(丹麦),Detroit（底特律）,Egypt,France,Geneva(日内瓦),GreatBritain,Greece(希腊),Hawaii(夏威夷),India,Ireland(爱尔兰),Italy,Japan,Korea,London,LosAngeles(洛杉矶),

Listentothefollowingdialogues:M:Ineedtocashthischeck.W:Willyousteprighttotheteller’windowplease.Q:Whereistheconversationprobablytakingplace?(t1.3)BythewindowAttheairportAtastoreInabank(D)M:IneedabookofstampsandI’dliketosendthispackagefirst-class.W:Hereareyourstamps,butyouhavetotakepackagetothenextwindow.Q:Wheredoesthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace?AtanelementaryschoolAtabaggagecounterAtabookstoreAtapostoffice(D)2、数字与计算类试题W:Here'sa10-dollarbill.Givemetwoticketsfortonight'sshowplease.M:Sure.Twoticketsandhereis'1.40change.Q:Howmuchdoesoneticketcost?美元纸币面额有1，2，5，10，20，50和100元，铸币面额有1，5，10，25，50分和1元。Youwillread:

A.'1.40.B.'4.30.C.'6.40.D.'8.60B.3、人物关系与职业判断类试题提问方式一般有两种：1.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?2.询问第三者的身份、职业或其他相关情况.

例如：Whoistheman(woman)?/What’stheman’s(woman’s)job?/What’stheman(woman)?等。考试时,首先要通过预览书面选择项迅速判断出题类型，听清关键词与特殊场景用词，记下提到的人物都干了些什么，将人与事物相对应，使之产生联系。其次，在听此类对话时，还要结合考虑说话者的口气、语调与可能使用的表示礼貌、亲昵、随意、批评等的语词等，排除干扰项，对人物之间的相互关系做出较为合理的推断。最后，要正确断定人物之间的相互关系，有时还要结合关键词，根据生活中的常识做出符合逻辑的分析与判断[例]Youwillread:A)Colleagues.B)Employerandemployee.C)Husbandandwife.D)Motherandson.Youwillhear:W:John,whatareyoudoingonyourcomputer?Don'tyourememberyourpromise?M:Thisisnotagame.It'sonlyacrosswordpuzzlethathelpsincreasemyvocabulary.Q:Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?D)M:thefronttireisflatandtheseatneedstoberaised.W:whynottakeittoMr.Smith?Q:whatkindofworkdoesMr.Smithprobablydo?Hesellschairs.HeraisessheepHefixesbicyclesHe’sagardener(C)主要包括接受与拒绝、赞成与反对两种。题型特点是对话中常常出现干扰信息，影响判断。正确答题的关键是熟悉常用的句式，了解说话者表达的意思。考试中，须集中精力，更要揣摩、把握字里行间的意思，结合语音、语调、口气等，了解说话者的否定意思，从而正确做答。其最常见的提问形式是：Whatdoestheman/womanmean?二、肯定与否定题型解题技巧

1.否定1）含否定语义的副词和形容词，如:hardly,barely,scarcely,rarely,little,seldom,

few等。（2）含否定语义的代词和连词，如：nobody,nothing,neither,nor等。（3）含否定语义的动词、动词词组及介词词组，如：failto,miss,avoid,deny,

hate,stop,refuse,doubt,,instead

of,ratherthan等。5）含too...to的结构。6）强调否定句，句首的否定词多数是never,little,rarely,并且句子必须倒装，如：Never

before

have

I...,Littledidthey...,Rarelydowe...等。

(6)

注意缩写形式的否定读音，如：can’t

aren’t,don’t,hasn’t,weren’t,wasn’t等。2.肯定：

Yousaidit.

Youcansaythatagain.

Youaretellingme.

Youmay/mightwellsayso.

I'llsay.

Icouldn'tagreemore.

Youwillhear:W:Ican'tbeartheairpollutioninthiscityanymore.Itisgettingworseandworse.M:

Yousaidit.We'veneverhadsomanyfactoriesbefore.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

Youwillread

A)Theairpollutioniscausedbythedevelopmentofindustry.B)Thecitywaspoorbecausetherewasn'tmuchindustrythen.C)Thewoman'sexaggeratingtheseriousnessofthepollution.D)Hemightmovetoanothercityverysoon.A)难句总结形肯定意否定的句型形否定意肯定的句型（a）、形肯定意否定的句型1、I’dliketo／I’dloveto/IwishIcould,but…表否定，重点在but后面。2.I’msorry…这种句型是委婉的否定，其后一般接原因。

3.I’mafraid…一般表示委婉拒绝或与希望相反的事。

4、使用虚拟语气的句子。

这些句子形式上是肯定的，但往往表达一种“本应该，本可以”的情绪，在一定的语言环境中表否定。如：couldhave,shouldhave…5.由一些特殊短语构成的句型。1)由形容词last构成的特殊句型。2)anything

but句型。3)类似的还有far

from…out

of

the

question等等.如:--Canyoupossiblylendme＄10？—It’soutofthequestion．（不可能）outofquestion毫无疑问youwillread:

W:Lotsofpeopleenjoydancing,doyou?

M:Believeitornot,thatisthelastthingI’deverwanttodo.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

Eg.1.

Youwillhear:A)Hebelievesdancingisenjoyable.B)Hedefinitelydoesnotlikedancing.C)Headmiresthosewhodance.

D)Hewon'tdanceuntilhehasdonehiswork.B)W:Everybodyishelpingoutwithdinner.Wouldyoumakethesalad?M:

Anythingbutthat!Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?Hedoesn’twantanydinnerHewilldoanythingtohelpHeprefersanotherjobHecan’teatsalad(C)Eg.2.W:Ican’tbelieveKarenislateforsuchimportantoccasionasjobinterview.Iremindedhertimeandagainyesterday.M:

Youshouldhaveknownherbetterbynow.Everythingyoutellhergoesinoneearandouttheother.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?Karenisveryforgetful.

B)HeknowsKarenbetternow.C)Karenissuretopasstheinterview.D)ThewomanshouldhaveremindedKarenearlier.A)Eg.3.

（b）、形否定意肯定的句型

1、Whydon’tyou／Whynot．．．？意思是“为什么不…呢？”，但它真正表达的是一个肯定概念，即“建议做某事”。

2、Doyoumind…？问句的回答用No，ofcoursenot．或者Notatall表示肯定答复.3、not．．．until．．．句型。此句型一般都应理解为“直到……才”，因此是肯定的。

4、not…more／better构成的特殊句型。

--Howisyourbusiness，Bob？—Saleshaveneverbeenbetter．

（意思是说生意相当不错）5、Withoutadoubt；Don’tmentionit；意思是“没问题”.如：—DoyouthinkwehavetoreviewthechapterofIndustrialRevolution？—Withoutadoubt，itwillbeontheexam．三、BUT题型解题技巧题型特征是第一说话人的内容无关紧要，第二说话人回答时，先用一个简单的短句，然后是一个较长的句子，中间用but连接，But之后的部分多是补充说明或对理由的陈述,故应该仔细听清but之后部分。Youwillhear:W:John,canyoutellmewhatinthebookinterestedyoumost?

M:No,well,nothingspecific,butIlikeitoverall.

Q;Whatdidthemanthinkofthebook?

.Youwillread:A)Heenjoyeditasawhole.B)Hedidn'tthinkmuchofit.C)Hedidn'tlikeitatall.D)Helikedsomepartsofit.A)W:HowdidPauldointherace?M:Well,hehadagoodstart,buthequicklyfellbehind.Q:Whatdidthemanmean?(t1.15)Hedidverywellintherace.Paulsuddenlyfelloffduringtherace.Hewasoneoftheslowerrunners.Paulfinisheddirectlybehindthequickestrunner.C)四、虚拟语气题型解题技巧题型特点是对话者一方中含有表示虚拟语气的条件句。考生需要了解虚拟语气的基本结构，通过时态了解对话中所包含的假设含义。Youwillhear:

M:Iwonderifyoufindmyexperiencerelevanttothejob?

W:Yes,certainly.Butifonlyyouhadsentinyourapplicationletteraweekearlier.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?Eg.1).Youwillread:A)Themanisnotsuitablefortheposition,B)Thejobhasbeengiventosomeoneelse.C)Shehadreceivedonlyoneapplicationletter.D)Theapplicationarrivedaweekearlierthanexpected.B)

Eg.2)Youwillread:A)

HeisnotveryenthusiasticabouthisEnglishlessons.

B)

HehasmadegreatprogressinhisEnglish.

C)

Heisastudentofthemusicdepartment.

D)

HeisnotveryinterestedinEnglishsongs.

Youwillhear:W:Mr.Jones,yourstudent,Bill,showsgreatenthusiasmformusicinstruments.M:

IonlywishheshowedhalfasmuchforhisEnglishlessons.

Q:WhatdowelearnfromtheconversationaboutBill?A)Eg.3)Youwillread:A)Thewomanhastroublegettingalongwiththeprofessor.B)Thewomanregretshavingtakenupmuchoftheprofessor'stime.C)Thewomanknowstheprofessorhasbeenbusy.D)Thewomanknowstheprofessorhasrunintotrouble.Youwillhear:M:Prof.Kennedyhasbeenverybusythissemester.AsfarasIknow,heworksuntilmidnighteveryday.W:

Iwouldn'thavetroubledhimsomuchifIhadknownhewassobusy.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?

B)Next五、建议与请求题型解题技巧M:I’vejustlockedmykeyinthecar.Nowwhat’llwedo?W:

Calmdown.Let’sjustsitdownandtrytofigurethingsout.Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggest?(t1.46)LookingforthecarAddingsomenumbersTrytothinkofasolutionFindinganotherkey(C)M:Icouldreallyuseasmallcalculatorlikethatoneformystatisticshomework!W:

Whydon’tyougoinandseewhattheycosthere.Itlooksliketheyarehavingasale.Q:Whatdoesthewomanthinkthemanshoulddo?FinishinghisstatisticshomeworkCheckthepriceofcalculatorsLookforajobinmathematicsUseasmallercalculator(B)题型特点是第一说话人引出话题，第二说话人以反问的口气重复第一说话人的部分内容，然后以第二句话具体陈述自己的观点与所持的态度。分析重复部分之后的语句的语气、语调与口气，结合原句进行推断，能大大提高答题的准确率六、重复反问题型解题技巧Eg.1.M:Helpmewiththisstackofbooks,willyou,Jack?MHelpyou?DoyouthinkIworkhere?Q:WhatdoesJackmean?Heisn’tabletoworkHedoesn’twanttohelpHe’llhelpthemanlaterHe’dliketoworkhereB)Eg.2.W:Youstillhaveanhourtowait,sorelax.M:Relax?HowcanIwhenI’msoanxiousabouttheinterview?Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?Thewomanshouldn’tbesoanxiousHe’stoonervoustocalmdownThewomanshouldn’twaittobeinterviewedHe’salreadyanhourlateB)Eg.3.Youwillread:[A]GetsomechangefromJane.[B]Usethewoman’sphone.[C]Golookforapayphone.[D]Payforthephonecall.Youwillhear:M:Hi,Jane.Doyouhavesomechange?Ihavetomakeacallonthepayphone.W:Payphone?Whynotusemymobilephone？Hereyouare.Q:Whatwillthemanmostprobablydo?[B]七、言外之意题型解题技巧言外之意题型的特征是对话不难听懂，但双方的内容风牛马不相及。第一说话人多使用标准的一般疑问句，按理说第二说话人应使用Yes或No来回答。然而，第二说话人的回答不仅不遵循此规则，而且其回答给人一种答非所问的感觉，使人难以迅速而准确地领会对话双方的真正含义。实际上，二者所言关系密切，需要考生充分加以理解以便做出正确判断。常见的提问形式为：Whatdoestheman/womanmean?Youwillhear:M:ThedoctorsaidifIkeptsmoking,Iwouldincreasemychancesofhavingaheartattack.W:Didhesuggestreducingweight,too?Q:Whatdoesthewomanthinkthemanshouldalsodo?

Eg.1.

Youwillread:LoseweightB)Quitsmoking.C)Weighhimselffrequently.D)Haveatalkwiththedoctor.A)Youwillhear:

M:Doyouwanttoturnontheairconditioneroropenthewindow?W:Ilovefreshairifyoudon’tmind.Q:Whatcanbeinferredfromthewoman’sanswer?

Eg.2.

Youwillread:

A)She'dliketohavethewindowsopen.B)Shelikestohavetheairconditioneron.C)Theairisheavilypolluted.D)Thewindowsarealreadyopen.A)Eg.3.

W:Areyoucomingwithmetothemuseum?M:Ialreadyhavemyhandsfullwiththisreport.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?HeistoobusytogoalongHemust