非谓语动词及经典例题汇编

非谓语动词及经典例题汇编非谓语动词及经典例题汇编非谓语动词及经典例题汇编V:1.0精细整理，仅供参考非谓语动词及经典例题汇编日期：20xx年X月非谓语动词一、非谓语动词种类及句法功能（一）概述：在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式（theInfinitive）；动名词（theGerund）；现在分词（thePresentParticiple）；过去分词（thePastParticiple）。非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有：1）非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。2）非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。3）非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中作状语。（二）非谓语动词的句法功能：类别语

法

功

能主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语不定式√√√√√√动名词√√

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现在分词

√√√√过去分词

√√√√二、非谓语动词用法：1、不定式的形式： 主动被动一般式towritetobewritten进行式tobewriting/完成式tohavewrittentohavebeenwritten1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后，例如：I’mgladtomeetyou./Heseemstoknowalot./Weplantopayavisit./Hewantstobeanartist.2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如：Theboypretended________________________________./Heseemstobereadinginhisroom.3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如：Iregrettedtohavetoldalie./Ihappenedtohaveseenthefilm./Heispleasedtohavemethisfriend.句法功能用法例句作主语常用形式主语it代替，而将不定式置于句尾Itseemedselfishofhimnottogivethemanything.他不给他们任何东西，这好像太自私了。作宾语作动词的宾语Hehasdeterminedtosettledowninthecountryside.他决定到乡村去安家落户了。“疑问词+不定式”可作介词的宾语Wearetalkingabouthowtoovercomethepresentdifficulties.我们正在讨论如何克服当前的困难。作表语表示主语的具体内容、目的等，有将来时间的意义Hisdreamistobealawyer.他的梦想是成为一名律师。作定语置于被修饰词的后面，表示要做的动作Atlasthehadachancetogoabroad.他终于有了一个出国的机会。作状语表示原因、目的、结果、评论等Sheburstintolaughtertoseehisfunnyaction.看到他滑稽的动作，她大笑起来。Heshoutedandwavedtobenoticed.他边喊边挥手，以便引起别人的注意。Hewokeuptofindeverybodygone.他醒了过来，结果发现大家都走了。Tobehonest,Idon’tlikewesternfood.说实话，我不喜欢西餐。作补足语大多数动词后的补足语用带to的不定式Weallexpectedhimtowinthecontest.我们都期望他能在竞赛中获胜。使役动词、感官动词等后的补足语用不带to的不定式Henoticedayoungmanentertheoffice.他注意到一个年轻男人进了办公室。2、动名词的形式：主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone否定式：not+动名词1）一般式：Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实。2）被动式：Hecametothepartywithout________________________.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。3）完成式：Werememberedhavingseenthefilm.我们记得看过这部电影。4）完成被动式：HeforgothavingbeentakentoGuangzhouwhenhewasfiveyearsold.他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。5）否定式：not+动名词Iregretnotfollowinghisadvice.我后悔没听他的劝告。6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+动名词Hesuggestedourtryingitonceagain.HisnotknowingEnglishtroubledhimalot.句法功能用法例句作主语表示一种概念，习惯或经验，有时用it作形式主语，常见于It’s(no)use/good/fun…,It’suseful/good/nice/useless…等句式中Swimmingisthebestsportinsummer.游泳是夏天最好的运动。It’snogooddoingthat.那么做没有好处。作宾语即可作动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。宾语后若有补足语，常用it作形式宾语Weareconsideringchangingourplan.我们正在考虑改变计划。Wearethinkingofmakinganewplanforthenextterm.我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。Wefounditnogoodarguingwithothers.我们发现同别人争论不好。作表语表示抽象性或习惯性的动作，说明主语的内容，可与主语互换位置Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.我的爱好是集邮。Myson’sfavoritesportisplayingping-pong.我儿子最喜欢的运动是打乒乓球。作定语表示被修饰名词的用途，在意义上相当于“名词+for+doing”Manypeopleweresittingonthebenchinthewaitingroom.许多人坐在候车室的长凳上。Hehasjuststeppedoutoftheswimmingpool.他刚刚走出泳池。3、现在分词的形式：主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone否定式：not+现在分词1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如：Theywenttothepark,singingandtalking./Havingdonehishomework,heplayedbasket-ball.2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。Theproblembeingdiscussedisveryimportant./Havingbeentoldmanytimes,thenaughtyboymadethesamemistake.4、过去分词的形式：done分词的句法功能用法例句作状语表示时间、原因、结果、方式或伴随等，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致。句子主语是分词表示的动作的执行者，用现在分词；是承受者，则用过去分词Weopenedthewindow,lettingthefreshairin.我们打开窗户，让新鲜空气进来。Thesoldierslayontheground,coveredwithnothing.这些战士什么也没有盖就那样躺在地上。作定语单个分词作定语一般前置，分词短语作定语一般后置。现在分词作定语表示主动、进行，及物动词的过去分词作定语表示被动、完成，但不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成不表示被动。Thesleepingbabyismysister’sson.那个正在睡觉的婴儿是我姐姐的儿子。Whoaretheso-calledguestsinvitedtoyourpartylastnight昨晚别你邀请来参加聚会的那些所谓的客人们是谁Theyarebothretiredteachers.他们都是退休教师。作表语现在分词作表语表示主语所具有的特征，过去分词作表语表示主语因外部原因产生的某种状态或感受。作表语的分词相当于形容词。Theargumentisveryconvincing.这个论点很令人信服。Hisfatherwassatisfiedwithhisanswer.他父亲对他的回答很满意。作补足语现在分词作补足语说明宾语执行的动作正在进行；过去分词作补足语表示动作的被动性或完成性。Inoticedagroupofchildrenplayingfootballontheplayground.我注意到一群孩子正在操场上踢足球。Hefelthimselfcheated.他感到自己被骗了。5、独立主格结构逻辑主语+现在分词Themanagerbeingill,heisinchargeofthecompanyforthetimebeing.经理病了，他暂时管理公司。逻辑主语+过去分词Thisdone,wewillgohome.做完这个我们就回家。逻辑主语+不定式Somanypeopletohelp,heissuretosucceed.有如此多的人来帮助他，他一定会成功的。注意：（1）除非谓语动词外，逻辑主语与介词短语、形容词、名词等也可以构成独立主格结构。Hesatthere,hiseyesonherback.他坐在那里，眼睛望着她的背影。Hesatinthefrontrow,hismouthhalfopen.他坐在前排，嘴半张着。(2)独立主格结构前有时额带介词with或者without.Don’tsleepwiththewindowopen.别开着窗子睡觉。2012年高考全国英语试题语法分类汇编之非谓语动词1．Havingfinishedherproject,shewasinvitedbytheschooltothenewstudents. A．speaking B．havingspoken C．tospeak D．tohavespoken2．Johnhasreallygotthejobbecauseheshowedmetheofficialletterhimit. A．offered B．offering C．tooffer D．tobeoffered3.We’rehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision______atthemeetingwillinthefutureofourcompany.A.tobemadeB.beingmadeC.madeD.havingbeenmadeworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.A.HavingbeenaskedB.ToaskC.HavingaskedD.Tobeasked5.Thismachineisveryeasy.Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.A.operatingB.tobeoperatingC.operatedD.tooperate6.Ilookedupandnoticedasnake______itswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.A.towindB.windC.windingD.wound7.Beforedrivingintothecity,youarerequiredtogetyourcar____.A.washedB.washC.washingD.towash8.Imake$2,000aweek,60surelywon’tmake______differencetome.A.thatabigB.athatbigC.bigathatD.thatbigainalongqueue,wewaitedforthestoretoopentobuyaNewiPad. A.Standing B.Tostand C. Stood D.Standhetakesonthiswork,hewillhavenochoicebut______anevengreaterchallenge.A.meetsB.meetingC.meetD.tomeet11.Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand______them.A.corrects B.correct correct D.correcting12._______withcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.A.Use B.Using C.Used D.Touse13.Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happy_____anythingthathappenedtobeon.A.towatchB.watchingC.watchedD.tohavewatched14.Tonylentmethemoney,______thatI’ddoasmuchforhim.A.hopingB.tohopeC.hopedD.havinghoped15.Birds’singingissometimesawarningtootherbirds________away.A.tostayB.stayingC.stayedD.stay16.Hegotuplateandhurriedtohisoffice,_________thebreakfastuntouched. A.left B.toleave C.leaving D.havingleft17.Filmhasamuchshorterhistory,especiallywhen_suchartformsasmusicandpainting.A.havingcomparedtoB.comparingtoC.comparetoD.comparedto18.Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather.A.permittingB.topermitC.permittedD.permit19.Aftercompletingandsigningit,pleasereturntheformtousintheenvelope________.

A.providing B.provided C.havingprovided D.provide20.Georgereturnedafterthewar,only_______thathiswifehadlefthim.

A.tobetold B.telling C.beingtold D.told21. 一Haveyoufiguredouthowmuchthetripwillcost—$4,000,orlikethat.A.anythingB.everythingC.somethingD.nothing22.ChinarecentlytighteneditswaterscontrolsneartheHuangyanIslandtopreventChinesefishingboatsfrom intheSouthChinaSea.A.attackingB.havingattackedC.beingattackedD.havingbeenattacked23.Pressedfromhisparents,and______thathehaswastedtoomuchtime,theboyisdeterminedtostopplayingvideogames.A.realizing B.realizedC.torealizeD.beingrealized24. "It'sasuchniceplace,"Mothersaidasshesatatthetable________forcustoms.A.tobereservedB.LivingreservedC.reserving D.reserved25.IthinkTom,astheheadofabigdepartment,shouldcitherstudyregularlyor______ hisjob.A.quits B.toquit C.quitting D.quit26.Nomatterhowbrightatalkeryouare,therearetimeswhenit'sbetter silent.A.remain B.beremaining C.havingremainedD.toremain27. animportantdecisionmoreonemotionthanonreason,youwillregretitsoonerorlater.A.Based B.Basing C.Base D.Tobase28.AsI'llbeawayforatleastayear,I'dappreciate________nowandthentellingmehoweveryoneisgettingalong.A.hearingB.tohearC.tobehearingD.havingheard29.Theteacherdidn’tfeellike______hemonthespot.A.correctB.correctingC.tocorrectD.corrected30.Withtheoldman________theway,wehadnotroublein________thatcave.A.leads,findB.leading,findingC.led,tofindD.wasleading,found31.Iremember__________forthejob,butIforgettheexactamount.A.topayB.payingC.tohavepaidD.beingpaid32.Hewasseen___________out.A.goB.togoC.wentD.goes33.Hehasn’tgotused________inthecountryside.A.liveB.toliveC.tolivingD.living34.Wedon’tallow________inthelectureroom.A.tosmokeB.smokeC.smokingD.tosmoking35.I’mlookingforwardto__________fromyousoon.A.hearB.heardC.hearingD.beingheard36.Shedoesn’tmind_________athomealonethoughshemayfeellonely.A.leaveB.beingleftC.leavingD.tobeleft37.Peoplefromallthecornerscametothecity,__________itverycrowded.A.tomakeB.andmakingC.madeD.making38.________allthetimeisthekeyto_________progressinEnglish.A.Practise,makingB.Topractise,makingC.Practise,makeD.Topractise,make39.Onlyoneofthesebooksis____________.A.worthtoreadB.worthbeingreadC.worthofreadingD.worthreading40.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher_______upfromchildhood.A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow41.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_________onabigrockbythesideofthepath.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.restareply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived43.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,________itthepopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake44.Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand__________them.A.correctB.correctingC.correctsD.to