高中现在完成时讲解与练习(非常详细)

高中现在完成时讲解与练习(非常详细)高中现在完成时讲解与练习(非常详细)高中现在完成时讲解与练习(非常详细)V:1.0精细整理，仅供参考高中现在完成时讲解与练习(非常详细)日期：20xx年X月现在完成时讲解与练习一、现在完成时的构成1.现在完成时结构：主语+助动词have(has)+动词过去分词否定句：have/has后加not,haven’t/hasn’t一般疑问句：前提have/has被动：have/hasbeen+动词的现在分词2．现在完成时的概念：1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。--Haveyouhadyourlunchyet?你吃过午饭了吗？--Yes,Ihave.Ihavejusthadit.是的，我刚吃过。(现在我不饿了。)Ihavealreadypostedthephotos.我已经寄过这些照片。(这些照片已不在我这里了。)2)过去发生的事情，一直持续到现在（其谓语动词多是延续性动词或表示状态的词）。Ihaven’tseenherthesedays.近来我一直没见过他。I’veknownLiLeiforthreeyears.我认识李雷已经三年了。Theyhavelivedheresince1996.他们自从1996年就住在这儿。ShehastaughtussinceIcametothisschool.自从我来这所学校，她就教我。3.现在完成时多与下列时间状语连用：1)用于“过去发生的事，对现在造成的影响或结果”的时间状语有：already(已经→肯定句)yet(还;尚未→否/疑问句)-Has

he

phoned

you

yet-

--No,not

yet.

never(从未)ever(曾经→疑问句)Haveyouevertalkedtohimaboutit

just(刚刚)before(以前)already

用于肯定句，可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前，也可放在句末；

yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中表示“还”，常放在句末；

ever意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间；never意为“从来都没有”，常和before连用，多放在助动词与过去分词之间。Eg.I

have

never

traveled

by

plane

before.

before

意为“以前”，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制。Eg.I

haven’t

heard

of

it

before.

2)用于“过去发生的事，一直延续到现在”的时间状语有：for+时间段(fortwoyears)sincetwoyearsagosince+时间点since2008Sincethensincehecamehere.sofar(目前;迄今为止)uptonow=tillnow=bynow到现在为止；直到现在allthetime总是；一直recentlylately最近thesedays近几天【bytheendof…到…末/结束】bytheendofthisyear到今年年末bytheendofthismonth到本月末during/overthelast(past)fewyears在过去的几年中inthelast/pastmonths在过去的几个月中inthepast/lastfewdays/years在过去的这几天3)This/Itisthefirst/secondtime+that从句that从句要用现在完成时ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavecomehere.4）在条件，时间，让步状语从句中，表示将来某时以前已完成的动作IwillnotbelieveyouunlessIhaveseenitwithmyowneyes.IwillgowithyouassoonasIhavefinishedmywork.3.have(has)been和have(has)gone区分1)have/hasgone(to)表示某人已经去了某地，人不在这儿。--WhereisJim

–HehasgonetoLondon.(人不在这儿，已去了London)2)have/hasbeen(to)表示曾经到过某地，但现在人已回来。IhavebeentoShanghaitwice.我到过上海两次。（以前去的上海，现在人已回来）--Wherehaveyoubeen,Jim吉姆，你去了哪里

--Ihavebeentothelibrary.我去了图书馆。后面还可以跟不定式

I’ve

been

to

see

my

grandmother.(现已回来)

She’s

been

to

do

some

shopping.

3)have/hasbeenin+地点(adv.去to)在某处呆过多长时间(现在还在那里)Howlonghaveyoubeenhere/thereIhavebeenhere/therefor10years.你在这里多长时间了我在这里10年了。(现在还在)DashanhasbeeninChinasince20yearsago.大山自从20年前就在中国。(现在还在)HowlonghavebeenatthisschoolIhavebeenhereforovertwoyears.你在这所学校多长时间了我在这里两年多了。(现在还在)4.have

got

的特殊用法：

have

got

在形式上时现在完成时，在意思上和have相同：

Have

you

got

(=Do

you

have)a

timetable?

She

hasn’t

got

any

relations.

I’ve

got

another

three

minutes.

5.have

got

to

和have

to

意思相同：

have

got

to

和have

to

意思相同：

have

got

to

=have

to,表示“不得不”：

You’ve

got

to

be

careful.

That’s

what

we’ve

got

to

do.

You’ve

got

to

keep

this

in

mind.

在口语中，have有时可以省略。

We

got

to

make

ends

meet.我们得收支相抵。二、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,lastnight,threeweeksago,in2004等。而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在没有任何关系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。Ihaveseenthefilm.我看过这部电影。（我了解这部电影的内容。）Isawthefilmlastweek.我上星期看了这部电影.(只说明上星期看了这部电影,不涉及现在的情况)Hehaslivedheresince1992.1992年以来他一直住在这里。（他现在还住在这里）Helivedherein1992.1992年他住在这里。（不涉及现在他是否还住在这里）把下列句子分别变成否定句、一般疑问句并作回答。1)Ihavealreadycleanedtheroom.否定句:____________________________________________________________一般疑问句：_________________________________________________________肯定回答：________________________否定回答:_________________________2)JimhasneverbeentoHarbin.一般疑问句：________________________________________肯定回答：________________________否定回答:_________________________3)Wehavelivedheresince2yearsago.否定句:_________________________________________一般疑问句：________________________________________对画线部分提问：_________________________________________________________三、用所给词的适当形式填空1.I_________________________________(learn)2000Englishwordssofar.2.Theoldman_______________________________(live)herefor40years.3.I________________________________(notsee)youfortenyears.4._____________________you____________________(sweep)thefloortodayItissodirty.5.______________________he_____________________(spend)allhismoneyYes,hehas.四、短暂性动词与持续性动词在现在完成时中的运用在现在完成时中,短暂性动词一般不与时间段连用。即:不与for,since短语或howlong问句连用。非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下述三种方法：

a.将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词

练习：将下列非延续性动词转化为延续性动词

buy

;

borrow

;

open

;

close

；

begin/start

;come

;go/leave

;finish

;

died

;catch

a

cold

;

put

on

;

get

up

；wake

up

fall

asleep

;

lose

;

join

leave

1.He

left

his

office

3

hours

ago.

He

from

his

office

for

3

hours.

It

3

hours

since

he

left

his

office.

2.He

has

been

dead

4

years.

He

ago.

It

has

been

he

died.

b.将时间状语改为过去时间，并用一般过去时代替现在完成时。

Eg.

I

have

been

away

from

this

school

for

eight

years.

I

left

this

school

eight

years

ago.c

.用句型“it

is

+一段时间+since从句（从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的一般过去式）”表示。如：It

is

two

years

since

the

old

man

died.

注意：瞬间动词在完成时态中的否定式可以接一段时间。如：

[Exercises]

Ture

or

False

He

has

come

to

Beijing

since

last

year.(

)

He

has

lived

in

Beijing

since

last

year.(

)

He

has

joined

the

army

for

3

years.(

)

He

has

served

in

the

army

for

3

years.(

)

He

joined

the

army

3

years

ago.

(

)

He

has

been

a

soldier

for

3

years.

(

)

It

is

3

years

since

he

joined

the

army.

(

)

He

has

joined

the

army.

(

)

短暂性动词与时间段连用时，要转化成表示状态的词或短语。★leave—beaway(from)离开…1.She__________________(leave)homelastweek.2.Shehasalready________________(leave)home.3.She_________________________________homeforaweek.A.hasleftB.leftC.hasbeenawayD.hasbeenawayfrom4.Howlonghasshe________________________home?

A.leftB.leavedC.beenawayfrom★diev.—bedeadadj.死亡…1.Theoldmanis________________.He_____________________tenyearsago.2.Hehas_______________________________fortenyears.(die/dead填空)3.()Howlonghashe___________________________

A.diedB.beendeadC.dieD.beendie★join—bein/beamemberof加入/成为…jointheLeague入团jointheParty入党jointhearmy参军A:WhendidZhaoLin__________________theLeague

B:He______________theLeaguelastyear.Hehas___________________theLeagueforoneyear.★borrow/lend—keep借用…1.A:I____________________abookfromthelibraryyesterday.B:Howlong___________you____________________it?

A:Ican_______________itforaweek.2.He______________________thedictionarysincelastweek.A.borrowedB.hasborrowedC.haskeptD.kept★buy—have买…1.A:我买了一辆自行车。I_______________________________abike.B:你买了多长时间了？Howlong________________you___________it?A:我上个月买的。I______________________itlastmonth.2.I______________________thispairofskatesfortwoyears.A.haveboughtB.havehadC.boughtD.had★begin/start—beon开始…Themovie_____________(start)halfanhourago.It______________________forthirtyminutes.★open—beopen开始/开业…A:Whendidthefactory_______________

B:It_______________tenyearsago.A:Howlonghasit_____________________

B:Ithas______________________fortenyears.★close—beclosed关闭/停产…A:Whendidtheshop_______________

B:It______________amonthago.A:Howlonghasit___________________.B:Ithas_____________________foramonth.★arrive/come—bein/at到达…arrivein/at...到达，抵达cometo...来到......1)A:Whendidyou______________inShanghaiB:I__________________herelastweek.A:Howlonghaveyou__________________________Shanghai

B:Ihave_______________hereforaweek.2)I___________tothisschoollastyear.Ihave______________________thisschoolforayear.★getacold/catchacold---haveacold感冒(用getcatchhave适当形式填空)1.I_______________/_______________acoldlastweek.AndI’mnotfeelingwellnow.SoI_______________________acoldforaweek.2.I__________________________acoldsincelastweek.A.havegotB.havecaughtC.havehadD.got练习：1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey_________what'shappenedtohim.Ａ.knewＢ.haveknownＣ.mustknowＤ.willknow2、Hehas_______beentoShanghai,hashe

Ａ.alreadyＢ.neverＣ.everＤ.still3、HaveyoumetMrLi______Ａ.justＢ.agoＣ.beforeＤ.amomentago4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyearＡ.iswritingＢ.waswritingＣ.wroteＤ.haswritten5、—Ourcountry______alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.Ａ.haschanged;wellＢ.changed;goodＣ.haschanged;betterＤ.changed;better6、ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.Ａ.was;studyingＢ.will;studyＣ.has;studiedＤ.are;studying7、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.Ａ.knowＢ.hadknownＣ.haveknownＤ.knew8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_______ittwice.Ａ.willseeＢ.haveseenＣ.sawＤ.see9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.—ReallyWhen_____there

Ａ.willtheygoＢ.didtheygoＣ.dotheygoＤ.havetheygone10、—______you___yourhomeworkyet

—Yes.I_____itamomentago.Ａ.Did;do;finishedＢ.Have;done;finishedＣ.Have;done;havefinishedＤ.will;do;finish11、Hisfather______thePartysince1978.Ａ.joinedＢ.hasjoinedＣ.wasinＤ.hasbeenin12、—Doyouknowhimwell

—Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.Ａ.wereＢ.havebeenＣ.havebecomeＤ.havemade13、—Howlonghaveyou____here

—Abouttwomonths.Ａ.beenＢ.goneＣ.comeＤ.arrived14、Hurryup!Theplay__________fortenminutes.Ａ.hasbegunＢ.hadbegunＣ.hasbeenonＤ.began15、It_____tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.Ａ.isＢ.hasＣ.willＤ.was16、MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.she_______tothelibrary.Ａ.hasgoneＢ.wentＣ.willgoＤ.hasbeen17、Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.Ａ.havebeeninＢ.havebeentoＣ.havegonetoＤ.havebeen18、Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,

A.sotheyB.don’ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey19、hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehetoChina

A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived20、Hisuncleformorethan9years.A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity补充1)由since引导的从句中的时态：

由since引导的从句一般用过去时（主句谓语动词用现在完成时）

We’ve

been

friends

ever

since

we

met

at

school.

Much

has

changed

since

I

was

there

last

time.

2)当表示有多少时间时，主句谓语可用一般现在时：

It’s

two

years

since

I

left

home.

How

long

is

it

since

you

came

here

last

time?

在下面句型中也可用现在完成时：

出现最高级This

is

the

best

tea

I

have

ever

drunk.

This

is

the

most

interesting

book

I

have

ever

read.

This

is

the

easiest

job

I

have

ever

had.一、单项选择。1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是Ｂ。2、现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。故2应选B。3、C4、现在完成时常与recently（近来），sofar（到目前为止），inthepast/“last+一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故4应选D。5、C6、现在完成时时常与“for+时间段或since+过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故6应选C。7、C8、现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），threetimes（三次），severaltimes（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故8应选B。9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday,lastweek,amomentago等）连用。故