高中英语语法重点示例

冬高中英语语法重点示例X一.形容词或形容词短语的用法：(1)用作定语Hewantstobeanhonestperson.It'sausefulteachingmethod.thinksheisawomansuitableforthetssition.⑵用作表语Asisknowntoall,protectingtheenvironmentisnecessaryandvital.Withthedevelopmentofsociety,people'slivingconditionsbecomebetterandbetter.⑶用作宾语补足语Ifoundthetheoryhardtounderstand.二.副词用法(1)方式副词主要用来修饰动词，此类副词如angrily,bravely,carefully,easily,happily,loudly,rapidly,hurriedly等。Weneedthinkaboutthematterseriously.Shewatchedthemonkeyscuriously.Mr.Smithsaidtomeangrily."Staywhereyouare.”(2)程度副词主要用来修饰形容词Iamextremelygratefultoyourtimelyhelp.(3)某些副词位于句首，用逗号隔开，起关联作用或作独立成分。如，fortunately,unluckily,frankly,generally,obviously,besides/moreover,however,therefore等。e.g.Hopefully,theywillreachanagreement.三.常用常考的几种时态及对应的语态用法示例一般现在时(指经常发生的动作或客观真理)其被动结构为：am/is/are+V过去分词Shealwayswandersintheparkafterdinner.Tomseldomgoesforawalkwithme.Theboysareoftenpunishedfortheirimpolitebehaviors.一般过去时(强调谓语动词的动作发生于过去某一时刻)其被动结构为：was/were+V过去分词.1experiencedahardtimeaftermyfriendleftme..Somemoneywasdonatedtocharity.一般将来时(强调以现在为时间起点，动作发生于将来某一时刻)其主动语态基本结构为：will+V原形其被动语态基本结构为：will+be+V过去分词willgoabroadandpayavisittosomeplacesofinterestnexttime.Apartywillbeheldafterwewinthespeechcontest.(4)过去将来时(以过去某一动作为参照，陈述将来的动作)其主动语态基本结构为：would+V原形其被动语态基本结构为：would+be+V过去分词Shecalmlytoldmethatshewouldcontinuehercareeraftermarriage.Hesaidtheafter-schoolactivitieswouldbecanceledforthesakeofpupils5safety.(5)现在进行时(指此时此刻正在发生的动作)其主动语态基本结构为：am/is/are+V-ing其被动语态基本结构为：am/is/are+being+V过去分词Someshopsareattractingconsumersbygivingdiscounts.Thenewly-bornbabyisbeingtakencareofcarefully.(6)过去进行时(过去某一时间点正在发生的动作)其主动语态基本结构为：was/were+V-ing其被动语态基本结构为：was/were+being+V过去分词MarywasquarrelingwithherdeskmatewhenIcamein.Somehouseswerebeingpaintedwhiteatthistimelastyear.(7)现在完成时(以现在时间点为参照，强调动作的完成)其主动语态基本结构为：has/have+V过去分词其被动语态基本结构为：has/have+been+V过去分词Studentshaveimprovedalotsinceshecametothisschool.2Arecentstudyhasprovedthatregularexercisedoesgoodtoheath.Manyextraactivitieshavebeenarrangedbytheparentsfortheirchildren'sfurthergrowth.（8）过去完成时（强调过去的过去）其主动语态基本结构为：had+V过去分词其被动语态基本结构为：had+been+V过去分词hadseenthatmovieseveraltimesbeforesheintroducedittome.ManyrivershadbeenheavilypollutedwhenIgottherelastyear.(9)现在完成进行时(强调某一动作始于过去，但一直持续至现在或将来)其基本结构为：has/have+been+V-ingHerencouragingwordshavebeenaffectingmylifegreatly.另外，某些动词(如，write,read,wash,wear,sell)，当用作不及物动词表示主语的某种属性时，不用被动语态。TheshoesofthisbrandwearweThiskindofgoodssellswell.畅销当need,want,require表示“需要”时，后面可接动名词的主动形式来表被动。如：Myhairneedscutting.非谓语动词一.分词（包括现在分词和过去分词，前者表示主动或进行，而后者表示被动或完成）。下面将现在分词和过去分词的句法功能对比示例,以便更好地理解掌握。作表语Thesituationwaspuzzling.Thosewindowswerebroken,（2）作宾语补足语heardhersinginginthenextrerm.Hefoundagirltremblinginthecorner.Iheardmynamecalled.常接现在分词短语结构做宾语补足语的动词有：hear,notice,watch,find,see,discover,observe,have,keep等（3）作定语3Theemployeewaitingoutsidegraduatedfromakeyuniversity.Thebuildin。beingrepairedisourlibrary.Sheisatraineddoctor.Thetreatmentusedasawaytnreducepatients'painiswidelyadopted.(4)作状语条件状语1.Seeingfromthetopofthemountain,youwillfindthetownverybeautiful.Seenfromthetopofthemountain,thetownlooksbeautiful.Workinghard,you'llsucceedeventually.作时间状语Havin—packedupherthings.(现在分词的完成式)shewenttobookherticket.Whenaskedwherehehadbeen,heremainedsilent.Givenmoretime,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.作原因状语Feelingtired,shedeterminedtohaveabreak.Havingfailedtwice,hedidn'twanttotryagain.Notknowingwhattodo,hewenttoasktheteacherforhelp.Satisfiedwithwhathedid,Mr.Smithpraisedhiminclass.作让步状语Beingatschoolorathome,sheisagoodgirl.Explainedahundredtimes,hestillcan'tunderstandit.作结果状语LHedied,leavinghiswifeandchildrennothingbutgreatdebt.Thebearfelloffatalltree,died,X作伴随状语派Thegirlsteppedtowardsme,wearingasmile.Hestoodtherecoimtinestars.Hewenttothecountrysidealonecarryinghismedicalequipment.Shecamein,followingapanda.Shecamein,followedbyapanda.注意,般来说，分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语相一致，但仍有少数注意,特例如下:Generally/Strictly/Honestly/F/anklyspeakingwebenefitedalotfromthisjourney.Jud-inqfrom/bytheexpressiononhisface,Tomfailed.Considerin口hisstrengths,hewillbepromotedsoon.Takingeverythin口intoconsideration,theyshouldbegivenanotherchance.Givenmyhealthcondition,theemployerdidn'tallowmetooverworkonweekends..动名词.动词不定式(1)作主语1.Itisofgreatimportanceforyoutoequipyourselfwithknowledge.(2)作表语1.Myhobbyistocollecttmiquestamps.(3)作定语1.Sheboughtsomethingtoeatamomentago.2.Pleasegivemesomepapertowriteon・(4)作宾语只接不定式作宾语的动词大致有：want,wish,hope,refuse,pretend,plan,promise,agree,manage,fail,decide,determine,choose,offer,desire,afford,threaten等。如，Herefusedtotellmethetruth.(5)作状语(尤其是目的状语或结果状语)Idresseduptoleaveadeepimpressiononothers.Hewokeuponlytofindhimselfaloneinthestudio.(6)作宾语补足语常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：advise,ask,allow,beg,encourage,expect,forbid,force,invite,order,persuade,remind,teach,tell,trouble等如,Myparentsadvisedmetogotocollegeabroad.定语从句限制性定语从句（主句和从句关系紧密，中间无逗号）Oftenparentswillgiveusanything(that)weaskfor.Thelovelydress(which)sheiswearingisdesignedbyafamousdesigner.不可省略）Chinaisnotthecountrythatitusedtobe.(that作表语,TomistheverypersonfromwhomIbenefitedalot.不可省略）Givemethereasonwhyyoufailedtokeepyourword.Inourlivestherearealwayssomeoccasionswhenwearemovedtotears.非限制性定语从句（主从关系不太紧密，从句主要起补充说明作用，中间用逗号隔开）urteamwonthematchintheend,whichcameasasurprise.Thehouse,where/inwhichIwasborn,hasbeensoldatahighprice.Hersons,bothofwhomworkabroad,ringherupeveryweek.Oneofmyfriends,whosemomeverworkedasavolunteerinthisstadium,willgoabroad5dayslater.虚拟语气（表达某种愿望，猜测，假设或建议等）一.条件句中的虚拟IfTomwerehere/WereTomhere,hewouldofferussomenecessaryguidance.（对现在的虚拟）2.1fweleftnow,weshouldarriveintime.（对现在的虚拟）3.Ifyouhadattendedmyparty