大学英语期末考试翻译题

大学英语期末考试翻译题〔一〕国几千年的思想体系，而这套体系最重要的组成局部就是孔子s、孟Mencius〔m〔i〔i〕开创的道家思想〔m〕以及中国特色的佛学思想〔m。其中，对中国影响最大、最深远的是儒家思想。TheChinesepeoplepaymoreattentiontotheharmoniousrelationbetweenhumanbeingsandnature.“Natureandmanareone”isafamiliarstatementintraditionalChineseideology.Muchemphasisislaiduponthemoralcultivationandtemperrefinementaswellasthespiritualenlightenmentonthepartoftheindividualratherthanuponthelogicreasonning.Forthousandsofyears,China,sotospeak,hasbeenundertheinfluenceofaholisticsystemofthoughts,whichislargelycomposedofConfucianisminitiatedbyConfuciusandMencius,TaoisminitiatedbyLaoziandZhuangzi,aswellasBuddhishwithChinesecharacteristics,amongwhichConfucianismplayedafundamentalroleinshapingChina.〔二〕60zaju8〔InjusticetoDouE〕是元杂剧中最有名的悲剧。剧中描写了和蔼的女子名人。1GuanHanqingwasthegreatestandmostproductiviveplaywright/dramatistofthetime.Hecreatedover60zajuplays,ofwhich18arestillextant,mostlyaboutthemiseryandstugglesofwomenatthebottomofthesociety,Hisrepresentativework“InjusticetoDouE”isthebestknownofthezajutragedies.Ittellsofakind-heartedyoungwomanfalselyaccusedandthrownintoprisonbythelocalauthoritiesandfinallymurdered.Guan’splayshadgreatinfluenceonthedevelopmentofdramaoflatergenerations.Heisnotonlythegreatestplaywright/dramatistinChina,butalsooneoftheculturalcelebritiesoftheworld.末唐初时，制造了雕版印刷术〔kg，提高了印书的速度。但是每印900过反复试验，制造了活字印刷术movablee。他把字刻在一小块一clay〔movablecharacter活字印刷术的制造大大加快了世界各国文化进展、沟通的速度。Beforeprintingwasinvented,ascholarhadtocopywordforwordifhewantedtoownit.IntheSuiandTangdynasties,thetechnologyofblockprintingwasinvented,andthereforethespeedofprintingwasincreased.Butwhenabookwastobeprinted,manywoodenblockshadtobeengravedsoitwasrathertroublesome.TilltheNorthernSongDynastymorethan900yearsago,BiShenginventedmovabletypeprintingafterrepeatedexperiments.Theinventionoftheprintingtechniquegreatlyspeduptheinternationaldevelopmentofcultureandexchanges.〔四〕京剧(PekingOperaorBeijingOpera)是中国流行最广、影响最大的一个200戏，中国各地都有演出京剧的剧团〔e。京剧作为中国民族戏曲的精华，术家也曾到世界各地访问演出，受到了各国人民的宠爱。2PekingOperaisthemostpopularandinfluentialoperainChinawithhistoryofalmost200years.Inthecourseofitsformation,itabsorbedthebestfrommanyotherlocaloperasandwasaffectedbyBeijinglocaldialectandcustoms.ThoughPekingOperaoriginatedfromBeijing,itisnotalocalizedoperaexclusivetoBeijingonly.PekingOperatroupescanbefoundinmostregionsofChina.PekingOpera,asthenationalopera,enjoysahighreputationbothinsideandoutsideChina.ManyforeignershavecometoChinatolearnPekingOpera,whilemanyBeijingOperatroupesandfamousoperaactorsandactresshavefrequentlybeeninvitedtoperformaPekingbroadandhavebeenhighlyappreciatedbyforeignaudiences.〔五〕的数量很多，总数约60000个，其中常用字约6000来书写，但是，笔画繁多的繁体字，难认、难记，也难于书写。19492022〔SimplifiedChinesecharacters/SimplifiedChinese〕取代。现在，简化字是联合国的工作文字之一。TheChinesecharactersconstituteoneofmankind’soldestsystemsofwriting，andhavethemostusersintheworld.TherearenumerousChinesecharacters,totalingabout60,000,withabout6,000basicones.Chinesecharactershanvealonghistory.Forthousandsofyears,ChinesepeoplehadbeenwritinginTraditionalChinese.However,theTraditionalChinesecharactersaredifficulttoidentify,memorizeandwriteduetotheircomplicatedstrokes.From1949,forthesakeofthepopularizationofeducation,theChinesegovernmentsimplifiedtheChineseChractersonlargescale.Therearemorethan2,000TraditionalChineseCharactersthatweresimplifiedtotoday’sappearance.NowadaysSimplifiedChineseisoneoftheworkinglanguagesusedbytheUN.(六)春节在中国是一年中最重要的节日，既是旧的一年的完毕，更是的一年的3开头。春节是在农历〔theChineselunarcalendar〕每年的一月一日，通常在公历〔theGregoriancalendar〕的一月下旬到二月上旬这个阶段。春节这种习俗，在中国已经传承了几千年了。如今，每年春节之前，全中国的各大火车站、长途汽车站、飞机场都会特别劳碌。人们想方设法，准时回到各自的家中，与家人团聚。InChina,theSpringFestivalisthemostimportantfestivalinayear.Itmarkstheendofthepreviousyearandthebeginningofthenewyear.Itisthefirstdayofthefirstlunarmontheachyear,usuallybetweenthelasttendaysofJanuaryandthetendaysofFebruary.TheSpringFestivalasacustomhasbeencelebratedinChinaforthousandsofyears.Nowadays,eachyearbeforetheSpringFestival,allrailwaystation,long-distancebusstationandairportsinChinaareextremelybusy.Peopletrytheirbesttocomebacktotheirhomesintimeforfamilyreunion.〔七〕中国地域宽阔，人口众多，即使都使用汉语言，各地区说的话也不一样，汉语方言格外简单，相互之间存在语音、词汇、语法三个方面的差异。为了便利话arderMandarine。Chinahasavastterritoryandalargepopulation.EventhoughpeopleallusetheChineselanguage,theyspeakitdifferentlyindifferentareas.Inotherwords,theyspeakdifferentdialects.Generallycalledlocallanguage,dialectsarebranchesoftheChineselanguageonlyusedincertainareas.Theyarecomplicatedanddifferfromeachotherinthreeaspects:pronunciation,vocabularyandgrammar.Themostoutstandingdifferencescanbefoundinpronunciation.Forthebenefitifpromotingculturalexchangeamongpeopleindifferentareas,theChinesegovernmentattachesgreatimportancetopopularizingputonghuaandencouragespeopletolearnit.〔egsd，中国人就使用磁石〔magnet〕4plate〕结合起来制成了“罗盘明朝初期郑和七下西洋〔sevenmaritimevoyages5Columbus〕觉察大陆和麦哲伦〔FerdinandMagellan〕围绕地球航行等壮举,都是指南针用于航海事业的成果。AsearlyastheWarringStatesPeriod,theChineseinventedsinan,adirection-indicatinginstrumentusingamagnet.IntheSongDynasty,peoplecreatedluopanbycombiningamagnetneedlewithanazimuthplate,whichenvolvedintowhatwetodayknowasthecompass.Theinventionofthecompasshadanepoch-makinginfluenceonnavigation,therebyopeningupanewerainthehistoryofinternationalnavigation.Theextraordinaryachievements——ZhengHe’ssevenmaritimevoyagesintheearlyMingDynasty,ChristopherColumbus’discoveryoftheNewWorldandFerdinandMagellan’ssailroundtheworldinthe15thcentury——weremadepossiblebecauseoftheapplicationofthecompassfornavigation.〔九〕中秋节在农历八月十五，正好在秋分〔theautumnequinox〕前后。农历一边赏月。月饼最早用于祭祀〔sacrifice〕的目的，渐渐变成了中秋节的特有食亲人。TheMid-AutumnDay,theAugust15thofthelunarcalendar,fallsduringtheautumnequinox.Thefifteenthofeachlunarmonthinthecalendaristhedayofthefullmoon.OnthenightoftheFestival,peopleenjoyfruitsandmooncakeswiththeirfamilymembersastheyappreciatethemoon’sbeauty.Themooncake,whichwas5originallyusedforsacrifice,hasgraduallybecomeaspecialfoodoftheFestival.TheChinesepeoplehaveaspecialemotionforthemoon.TheybelievethatthefullmoonoftheMid-AutumnFestivalisasymboloffamilyreunion.Itisforsureatimeforfamilymemberstobereunitedathome.Thosewhocannotmakeithomewouldmakephonecallsandsendtheirbestregardstotheirparentsandrelatives.〔十〕24殷墟ens，这是个注定要被要被永久载入世界文明史册中的名字。8〔eshells、青铜器e〔culturalrelic〔o