1992年考研英语试题及答案

SectionIStructureandIneachsentence,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.PutyourchoicesintheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Iwillgivethisdictionary wantstohaveAfterhaving far, edidnotwanttoturnallourkindnesstohelpher,SarahrefusedtolistentoRicharddoesn’tthinkhecould“free-style”taketaketaketake

whatisInthepastmengenerallypreferredthattheirwives thehome.wouldwereIdon’twanttolendanymoremoneytohim;he’salreadyindebtThebusinessofeachday, sellinggoodsorshipthem,wentquitesmoothly.itbewasitCareydidn’tgotothepartylastnightbecauseshe babyforhersisteruntil9:30.musthavelookedwouldhavetolookhadtolookshouldhavelooked,hedoesgetirritatedwithherAshelikesherMuchthoughhelikesThoughmuchhelikesMuchashelikesCaliforniansandNewEnglandersspeakthesamelanguageandbythesamefederallaws.Thevocabularyofanytechnicaldiscussionmayincludewordswhichareneverusedoutsidethesubjectorfield ininininThelong-awaitedHubbleSpaceescope, toorbittheEarthnextMarch,willobservesomeoftheoldeststarsinthesky. oftheburdenofice,theballoonclimbedupanddriftedtotheSouth.TobeToThepatienthas ofthesafetyoftheWill thispassagetoseeifthereisanylookgodwellworkThepatientsbelievethatthedoctorknowsexactlyhowtoput.Althoughhethoughthewasheluspreparethedinner,hewas theway.Ifwebelievesomethingisgoodandtruewe toholdkeepholdkeep ,morethan200housesandbuildingsareheatedbysolarenergy,nottomentionthebigcitiesintheregion.AloneinthesmallInthesmallaloneInthealonesmallInthesmalltownThebankisreportedinthelocalnewsp inbroaddaylightyesterday.tobetohavebeenhavingbeenTheengineersaregoingthroughwiththeirhighwayproject,theexpenseshaverisen.evenjustnowasAlthoughwehadtoldthemnottokeepuswaiting,theymadenotospeedupdeliveries.Waterwillcontinuetobe itistoday--nextinimportancetooxygen.Haulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelasection,heourchairmannow.musthavewouldhavewouldStressfulenvironmentsleadtounhealthybehaviorssuchaspooreatinghabits,which increasetheriskofheartdisease.ininbybyThetouristispreventedfromenteringacountryifhedoesnot anaananIliketogotothecinemawhenIamin forTheprojectrequiresmorelabor hasbeenputhavebeenputbeingputtobeputCircustigers,althoughtheyhavebeentamed,can theirtrainer.Thereseemedlittlehopethattheexplorer, inthetropicalforest,wouldfindhiswaythroughit.tobehavingtohavebeenhavingbeenSectioReadingEachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestionfouranswersaregiven.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(30points)TextItisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadsareinghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenemonstersbehindthewheel.Itisverywell,again,tohaveatigerinthe,buttohaveoneinthedriver’sseatisanothermatteraltogether.Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog,therudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.Perhapsthesituationcallsfora“BeKindtoOtherDrivers”n,otherwiseitmaygetcompleyoutofhand.Roolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgementinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmospheregoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofpolitenessarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Typicalexamplesarethedriverwhobrakesviolentlytoallowacartoemergefromasidestreetatsomehazardtofollowingtraffic,whenafewsecondslatertheroadwouldbeclearanyway;orthemanwhowavesachildacrossazebracrossingintothepathofingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheycareto.ItalwaysamazesmethatthehighwaysarenotcoveredwiththedeadbodiesoftheseAveterandriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristslearnttofiltercorrectlyintotrafficstreamsoneatatimewithoutcausingthetotalblockagesthatgiverisetobadtemper.Unfortunay,modernmotoristscan’tevenlearntodrive,letalonemasterthesubtleraspectsofboatmanship.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.Accordingtothispassage,troublesontheroadareprimarilycausedby people’sattitudetowardstheroad-therhythmofmodernthebehaviorofthetrafficThesentence“Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog...the(Para.1)implies oursocietyisunjusttowardswell-manneredrudedriverscanbemetonlythewell-manneredmotoristcannottoleratetheroad-nowadaysimpolitedriversconstitutethemajorityofBy“goodsense,”thewriter thedriver’sabilitytounderstandandreact thedriver’spromptresponsetodifficultandseverethedriver’stoleranceofrudeorevensavagethedriver’sacknowledgementofpolitenessandExpertshavelongpointedoutthatinthefaceofcar-ownership roadusersshouldmakemoredriversshouldbereadytoyieldtoeachdriversshouldhavemorecommunicationamongdriverswillsuffergreatlossiftheypaynorespecttoInthewriter’s stricttrafficregulationsarebadlydriversshouldapplyroolitenessrudedriversshouldbedriversshouldavoidtrafficTextIntheatmosphere,carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-way--theglassintheroofofagreenhousewhichallowsthesun’sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromesca.Accordingtoaweatherexpert’sprediction,theatmospherewillbe3℃warmerintheyear2050thanitistoday,ifmancontinuestoburnfuelsatthepresentrate.Ifthiswarminguptookplace,theicecapsinthepoleswouldbegintomelt,thusraisingsealevelseveralmetresandseverelyfloodingcoastalcities.Also,theincreaseinatmospherictemperaturewouldleadtogreatchangesintheclimateofthenorthernhemisphere,possiblyresultinginanalterationofearth’schieffood-growingzones.Inthepast,concernaboutaman-madewarmingoftheearthhasconcentratedontheArcticbecausetheAntarcticismuchcolderandhasamuchthickericesheet.ButtheweatherexpertsarenoyingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whiaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming:inotherwords,byawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfiftyyearsfromtheburningofSalitepicturesshowthatlargeareasofAntarcticicearealreadydisappearing.Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakenplace.ThisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxidewarmstheHowever,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhaveexceededthosecausedbyman.Thequestionis:WhichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheOnepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun.Astronomersatoneresearchstationhavestudiedthehotspotsand“cold”spots(thatis,therelativelylesshotspots)onthesun.Asthesunrotates,every27.5days,itpresentshotteror“colder”facestotheearth,anddifferentaspectstodifferentpartsoftheearth.Thisseemstohaveaconsiderableeffectonthedistributionoftheearth’satmosphericpressure,andconsequentlyonwindcirculation.Thesunisalsovariableoveralongterm:itsheatoutputgoesupanddownincycles,thelatesttrendbeingdownward.Scientistsarenowfindingmutualrelationsbetweenmodelsofsolar-weatherinteractionsandtheactualclimateovermanythousandsofyears,includingthelastIceAge.TheproblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsetheinertia(惯性)oftheearth’sclimate.Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounter-balancetothesun’sdiminishingheat.Itcanbeconcludedth oncentrationofcarbondioxideintheatmospherewould preventthesun’sraysfromreachingtheearth’smeanawarmingupinthe accountf reatchangesintheclimateinthenorthernraisethetemperatureoftheearth’sThearticlewaswrittento thegreenhousethesolareffectsonthethemodelsofsolar-weatherthecausesaffectingAlthoughthefuelconsumptionisgreaterinthenorthernhemisphere,temperaturesthereseemtobefalling.Thisis mainlybecausethelevelsofcarbondioxidearepossiblebecausetheicecapsinthepolesareexclusivelyduetotheeffectoftheinertiaofthepartlyduetovariationsintheoutputofsolarOnthebasisoftheirmodels,scientistsareoftheopinion.theclimateoftheworldshould ingitwilltakethousandsofyearsfortheinertiaoftheclimatetotaketheman-madewarmingeffecthelpstoincreasethesolarthenewIceAgewillbedelayedbythegreenhouseIftheassumptionaboutthedelayofanewIceAgeis.thebestwayto ethecoolingeffectwouldbetoburnmorefuelsicewouldsooncoverthenortherntheincreasedlevelsofcarbondioxideintheatmospherecouldwarmuptheearthevenmorequicklythegreenhouseeffectcouldworktotheadvantageoftheTextSomepeoplebelievethatinternationalsportcreatesgoodwillbetweenthenationsandthatifcountriesplaygamestogethertheywilllearntolivetogether.Otherssaythattheoppositeistrue:thatinternationalcontestsencouragefalsenationalprideandleadtomisunderstandingandhatred.Thereisprobablysometruthinbotharguments,butinrecentyearstheOlympicGameshavedonelittletosupporttheviewthatsporcouragesinternationalbrotherhood.Notonlywastherethetragicincidentinvolvingthemurderofathletes,buttheGameswerealsoruinedbylesserincidentscausedprincipallybyminornationalcontests.Onecountryreceiveditssecond-placemedalswithvisibleindignationafterthehockey(曲棍球)final.Therehadbeennoisyscenesattheendofthehockeymatch,thelosersobjectingtothefinaldecisions.Theywereconvincedthatoneoftheirgoalsshouldnothavebeendisallowedandthattheiropponents’victorywasunfair.Theirmanagerwasinaragewhenhesaid:“Thiswasn’thockey.HockeyandtheInternationalHockeyFederationarefinished.”TheoftheFederationsaidlaterthatsuchbehaviorcouldresultinthesuspensionoftheteamforatleastthreeyears.TheAmericanbasketballteamannouncedthattheywouldnotyieldplacetoRussia,afteradisputableendtotheircontest.Thegamehadendedindisturbance.ItwasthoughtatthattheUnitedStateshadwon,byasinglepoint,butitwasannouncedthattherewerethreesecondsstilltoplay.ARussianplayerthenthrewtheballfromoneendofthecourttotheother,andanotherplayerpoppeditintothebasket.ItwasthetimetheUSAhadeverlostanOlympicbasketballmatch.Anappealjurydebatedthematterforfourandahalfhoursbeforeannouncingthattheresultwouldstand.TheAmericanplayersthenvotednottoreceivethesilvermedals.Incidentsofthiskindwillcontinueaslongassportisplayedcompetitivelyratherthanfortheloveofthegame.Thesuggestionthatathletesshouldcompeteasindividuals,orinnon-nationalteams,mightbetoomuchtohopefor.ButinthepresentanizationoftheOlympicsthereisfartoomuchthatencouragesaggressivepatriotism.Accordingtotheauthor,recentOlympicGames createdgoodwillbetweenthebredonlyfalsenationalbarelyshowedanyinternationalledtomoreandmoremisunderstandingandWhatdidthemanagermeanbysaying,“...HockeyandtheInternationalHockeyFederationarefinished”?Hiwouldnolongertakepartininternational HockeyandtheFederationarebothruinedbytheunfair Thereshouldbenomorehockeymatches anizedbytheTheFederationshouldbeThebasketballexampleimplied toomuchpatriotismwasdisplayedinthetheannouncementtoprolongthematchwastheappealjurywastoohesitantinmakingthetheAmericanteamwasrightinrejectingthesilverThe ivesthetwoexamplesinParagraphs2and3to. howfalsenationalprideledtoundesirableincidentsininternationalgamesthatsportsmenhavebeenmoreobedientthantheyusedtothatcompetitivenessinthegamesdiscouragesinternationalthatunfairdecisionsarecommoninOlympicWhatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthe anizationoftheOlympicGamesmustbeAthletesshouldcompeteasindividualintheOlympicSportshouldbeplayedcompetitivelyratherthanfortheloveofthegame.InternationalcontestsareliableformisunderstandingbetweenSectio ClozeForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoiceslabeled[A],[B],[C],and[D].ChoosethebestoneandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(15points)ThekeytotheindustrializationofspaceistheU.S.space大46家it,astronautswillacquireaworkhousevehicle大47家flyingintospaceandreturningmanytimes.大48家byreusablerocketsthatcanliftaloadof65,000pounds,theshuttlewillcarrydevicesforscientificinquiry,as大49家asavarietyofmilitaryhardware.大50moresignificantly,itwill大51家materialsandmachinesintospaceforindustrialpurposes大52家twodecadesagowhen“sputnik”(artificialsalite)was大53家tothevocabulary.Inshort,the大54家importanceoftheshuttleliesinits大55家asaneconomictool.Whatmakesthespaceshuttle大56家isthatittakesofflikearocketbutlandslikeanairplane.大57whenithasplishedits大58家itcanbereadyfor大59家tripinabouttwoweeks.Thespaceshuttle,theworld’struespaceship,ismagnificentstep60家makingtheimpossiblepossibleforthebenefitandsurvivalofman.SectionIVError-detectionandEachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedparts.Thesepartsarelabeled[A],[B],[C],and[D].IdentifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Then,withoutalteringthemeaningofthesentence,writedownyourcorrectiononthelineintheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Youngreaders,moreoftenthannot,findthenovelsofDickens moreexcitingthanD A

B

fortheysimplyCunderstandhowhecouldhaveD

suchastupidNowherebutinEuropewehaveA

theresultssoclearly,BreallyhaveC

usDTheamountofA

thematerialsareC

toDthequalityoftheIregrethavinglefttheworkunfinished;Ishouldplaneverything

TheproblemofunemploymentA

ernmentswantB

isseriousasC

intheseD

ManyspeciescancommunicateanA

amountofinformationBsound,informationC

boththelifeofanindividualand

existenceofthespeciesmayItwasnotsoA

themanyblowshereceivedB

thelack

spiritthatledtohisD

theThosepart-timestudentsexpectedtoA

somejobsB

theD

summerA

productionhavingB

upsteadily,thefactoryneeds

supplyD

rawSectionVEnglish-ChineseReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.(15points)“Inligence”atbestisanassumptiveconstruct--themeaningofthewordhasneverbeenclear.(71)Thereismoreagreementonthekindsofbehaviorreferredtobythetermthanthereisonhowtointerpretorclassifythem.Butitisgenerallyagreedthatrsonofhighinligenceisonewhocangraspideasreadily,makedistinctions,reasonlogically,andmakeuseofverbalandmathematicalsymbolsinsolvingproblems.Aninligencearoughmeasureofachild’scapacityforlearning,particularlyforlearningthekindsofthingsrequiredinschool.Itdoesnotmeasurecharacter,socialadjustment,physicalendurance,manualskills,orartisticabilities.Itisnotsupposedto--itwasnotdesignedforsuchpurposes.(72)Tocriticizeitforsuchfailureisroughlycomparabletocriticizingathermometerfornotmeasuringwindvelocity.Theotherthingwehavetonoticeisthattheassessmentoftheinligenceofanysubjectisessentiallyacomparativeaffair.(73)Nowsincetheassessmentofinligenceisacomparativematterwemustbesurethatthescalewithwhichwearecomparingoursubjectsprovidesa“valid”or“fair”comparison.Itisherethatsomeofthedifficultieswhichinterestusbegin.Anytestperformedinvolvesatleastthreefactors:theintentiontodoone’sbest,theknowledgerequiredforunderstandingwhatyouhavetodo,andtheinlectualabilitytot.(74)Thetwomustbeequalforallwhoarebeingcompared,ifanycomparisonintermsofinligenceistobemade.Inschoolpopulationsinourculturetheseassumptionscanbemadefairandreasonable,andthevalueofinligencetestinghasbeenprovedthoroughly.Itsvaluelies,ofcourse,initsprovidingasatisfactorybasisforprediction.Nooneisintheleastinterestedinthemarksalittlechildgetsonhistest;whatweareinterestediniswhetherwecanconcludefromhismarkonthetestthatthechildwilldobetterorworsethanotherchildrenofhisageattaskswhichwethinkrequire“generalinligence.”(75)Onthewholesuchaconclusioncanbedrawnwithacertaindegreeofconfidence,butonlyifthechildcanbeassumedtohavehadthesameattitudetowardsthetestastheotherswithwhomheisbeingcompared,andonlyifhewasnotpunishedbylackofrelevantinformationwhichtheypossessed.SectionVITitle:FORABETTERUNDERSTANDINGBETWEENPARENTANDTimelimit:40 Wordlimit:120-150words(notincludingthegivenopening YourcompositionshouldbebasedontheOUTLINEbelowandshouldstartwiththegivenopeningsentence.YourcompositionmustbewrittenclearlyintheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Presentsituation:LackofcommunicationbetweenparentandPossibleDifferentlikesandForForSectionI:StructureandVocabulary(..9.8